Audit planning and control can be said to be the major tool for the company in terms of risk assessment and evaluation. In this report, the major emphasis is on the auditing tool and techniques. Further in the report, the demonstration of risk management methodologies together with the role of internal control will be done. Moreover, an audit plan will be designed and audit procedure will be conducted for the financial statement audit. In the light of the case, ethical practice will be highlighted and the same will be put to discussion. In short, development of a strong series of audit steps will be developed to evaluate the importance of internal control.
Audit planning in Trunkey Creek Wines (TCW)
The report stresses upon the major domains like ratio evaluation, as well as risks pertaining to the business that helps in conducting the company’s audit plan. Further, the efficiency in the internal control together with the pitfalls pertaining to the case needs to be discussed.
As per the information provided about the company, following is the analysis of the ratios and the potential audit risks associated:
Account |
Analysis |
Audit Risk |
Audit Steps to reduce risks |
Accounts Receivable |
The number of days of collection of debts has increased substantially in the year 2018 in comparison to the year 2017 and year 2018. |
The bad debts or uncollectible debts can show a false impression of the company’s performance. The aging of debtors can be misled by the company as well. |
The aging register of the debtors should be verified by the auditors. The bad debts should be cross-checked with the allowances for bad debts as approved by the management. It should be ensured by the auditors that the debtors’ ledgers are checked with the debtor confirmation statements. The auditor should also verify the collection letters issued to the debtors by the company to analyse the collection procedures adopted by the company. |
Investments |
The times income earned from investments has decreased in comparison to previous year. |
The audit risk is that the investments might have been undervalued or there might have been a misstatement while recording the value of investments, as the interest of investments has gone down through the years (Manoharan, 2011). |
The auditor should verify the reason for a decrease in interest earned. The investments should be checked with respect of their disposal. In case the investments have been disposed of, the documentation should be checked for the disposal transaction such as broker contract note, receipts, bill of costs, etc. The receipts from the sale of such investments should be verified by the auditor (Baldwin, 2010). |
Property Assets |
The return on property assets have shown the following changes : In case of beef production, the return on assets have shown a considerable increase which comes to 1.67% in 2018 from -0.82% in 2017 and -3.45% in 2016. On the other hand, the return on assets in case of grape and wine production have decreased in comparison to last year. |
The audit risk is that the company might have inflated the sales of beef in order to present a better financial position of the company, as in previous two years the company has been getting negative returns in this sector (Baldwin, 2010). |
The auditor should verify the sales and profits of the beef sector to check the reason behind the sudden increase in returns for beef production (Matthew, 2015). The sales ledgers must be verified with the sales order registers for orders received (Cappelleto, 2010). As an audit partner, the company’s return percentage and its components should be scrutinized so that the figures arrived can be cross-checked and in this way, the audit team can arrive at the genuineness of the calculation as well. The internal controls related to sales and returns shall be verified. This will ensure the auditor whether or not proper recognition of revenue and sales has been done by the company (Deegan, 2011). |
Marketing Expense |
Marketing Expenses have increased in comparison to previous two years. This might be as a result of the increased exposure of the company towards the beef sector. |
The audit risk is that the marketing expenses might include personal expenses of directors or any other expenses disallowed. This can be assumed due to the reason that the proportion of increase in the marketing expenses does not match with the proportionate increase in the sales or returns of the current year in comparison to previous years (Madura & Fox, 2011). |
The auditor team shall cross verify each and every voucher of marketing expenses (Matthew, 2015). The supporting bills should be checked. Also, the auditor should see whether these bills were approved by some management official or not. The expenses bill of personal nature or irrelevant in marketing expense which is of a considerable amount should be noted by the auditor in his report. |
The company has been striving hard for many years to gain a momentum in the domestic as well as the overall market. Although there is always fierce competition in the industry, the company is still trying to build its place by experimenting in different market sectors.
As we can see from the ratios provided, there has been a decline in the overall performance of the company. The following points clarify this point:
iii. The main business segment is beef production for the company. But the number of collection days has increased in comparison to previous years, which means that the company is unable to get timely recovery from its debtors (Merchant, 2012). This is not a good sign of financial growth for the company. The business risk is that the number of bad debts may get increased and become no recoverable.
The internal controls that have been implemented by the company and their effects are ruled out in the following table:
Effective Control |
Risk alleviated |
Test of Control |
Management staff receives bonuses on the basis of agreed-upon targets like monthly sales, etc. This is quite a good technique to involve the staff in sales promotion in a justified manner. |
There might be a possibility that the management staff gets involved in unhealthy practices in order to achieve their monthly targets (Niemi & Sundgren, 2012). This might hinder the reputation of the company. |
There should be a check on the activities of the management staff who are involved in the sales promotion. It should be checked that they are not making any fake promises to the clients which shall further annoy them as the same would not be fulfilled by the company (Niemi & Sundgren, 2012). |
The company has implemented a proper automated IT system and strict passwords are there to access the programs. |
Although there is an IT system prevalent, the same is not been handled by a competent IT professional. Instead, the company has allocated this duty to the management accountant who does not have an expertise in this field and this could lead to a lot of errors (Peirson et. al, 2015). Further, there are no passwords for access to the databases which again is a major risk. |
The company should first hire an IT expert for handling the IT system. Further, there should be another management person involved in the checking of the IT data along with the management accountant so that in case any errors have been done, they can be rectified in time (Peirson et. al, 2015). The database should be password protected and the IT data should be checked with the manual documentation in place (Hoffelder, 2012). |
The supply management is handled department wise. |
The purchase managers might place wrong orders below $10000 as there is no dual checking system below this amount of order. |
The purchase requisition issued by the departmental managers should be crossed checked with the inventory records to check whether there was actual requirement of purchase or not (Rezaee & Kedia, 2012). |
The supplier information is stored in supplier master file and the orders are placed through computer ordering system to the approved suppliers only. If by default the order gets placed to the unapproved suppliers, the same gets rejected and is sent to the management accountant for approval (Rezaee & Kedia, 2012). |
There is a risk that even the approved suppliers may have changed their rates and that has not been entered into the supplier master file database (Hoffelder, 2012). |
Every time the orders are placed, even to the approved suppliers, their rates must be confirmed before placing the order. |
The invoices are received electronically from the supplier and are matched with the orders by the accounts clerk. The payment file for the same is verified weekly by the management accountant. |
There is a risk that although the orders are matched with the invoices, there might be a problem in the orders for which payments should be stopped or deferred (Rezaee & Kedia, 2012). But after matching the order file and invoice, the payments file is approved and sent to the bank. |
The responsibility of the payments process should not solely be in the hands of a management accountant and should be jointly shared with another person from the payments department. The payments for defective orders are to be deducted and the same may not get reflected in the software (Geoffrey et. al, 2016). |
In case repairs are required in the wine department, the responsibility of the same is of the department manager. He generates online orders and the ultimate payment process is completed by the approval of management accountant. |
There is a risk that there may be undue expenses on the repairing as there is no supervision on the repair service requests done by the wine department manager. The accounts clerk and the management accountant come into picture only once the service is completed and the service provider has raised his invoice to the company (Gay & Simnet, 2015). |
The repairing function should be cross checked by some management staff so that there can be a check on the requirement and expenses being incurred on the repair services. |
Following are the weaknesses in the internal control for purchases and accounts payable:
Purchases:
Weakness |
Justification |
No checking with stores registers |
The purchase orders are not checked independently with the stock of goods which may result in overstocking of goods in the warehouse. |
Over reliability on the approved suppliers |
The suppliers are only given orders on the basis of their past reputation and other factors are not considered like change in prices, change in time of delivery or change in terms. |
No separate files prepared for defective orders low quality goods. |
The accounts clerk matches the order details and the invoice and then sends the invoice to the payment file. There might be some goods which are of low quality or are defective which are nowhere accounted for by the accounts clerk (Roach, 2010). Only the paper documentation is checked. |
Accounts Payable:
Weakness |
Justification |
No supervision by top management on the payments approval process |
The management accountant is solely responsible for the approval of payments file and uploading the same to the bank. |
No daily checking of payments files |
The payments file are checked only once a week and that too by the management accountant only. |
No reconciliations of the accounts payable and the payment made |
The management accountant is totally dependent on the IT system for the payment file generating and other work but no accounts payable ledgers and their reconciliations are made (Roach, 2010). |
Conclusion
Hence it can be seen that there is over-dependence on the management accountant by the company. The duties of IT system management, purchase order placement, payments, management of accounts payable should be segregated between different officials of the company so that there are least chances of errors and frauds. If everything is taken care of by only one person without proper supervision, there are higher chances of frauds also along with the mistakes and errors. There should be a proper delegation of duties for every work department. It needs to be noted that the current standard of data evaluation by only one person will fail to attain the target and hence data evaluation by more than one person should be a major consideration. This step can help the company to ward off fraud and loopholes. Overall, it can be commented that an effective risk management should be able to connect with the system of internal control so that it reduces the risk that is present for the organization. It is important for the auditor to report the risks that the business is exposed to so that adequate steps can be taken into consideration. Further, it is the need of the hour to bring more structural changes so that an internal control mechanism can eliminate the risks.
References
Baldwin, S. (2010). Doing a content audit or inventory. Pearson Press.
Cappelleto, G. (2010) Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia. AFAANZ, Melbourne
Deegan, C. M. (2011). In Financial accounting theory. North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill
Fazal, H. (2013, May 13). What is Intimidation threat in auditing?.Retrieved from: https://pakaccountants.com/what-is-intimidation-threat-in-auditing/
Gay, G. and Simnet, R. (2015) Auditing and Assurance Services. McGraw Hill
Geoffrey D. B, Joleen K, K. Kelli S. and David A. W. (2016) Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors. Accounting Horizons. [online] 30(1), pp. 143-156. Available from https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51309 [Accessed 4 August 2018]
Hoffelder, K. (2012). New Audit Standard Encourages More Talking. Harvard Press.
Kaplan, R.S. (2011). Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice. The Accounting Review, 86(2), 367–383. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000031
Lapsley, I. (2012). Commentary: Financial Accountability & Management. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 9(3), pp. 291-292. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00081
Madura, R., & Fox, J. (2011). International financial management (2nd ed.). South Western
Manoharan, T.N. (2011). Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance. The George Washington University. Livne, G. (2015, May 12). Threats to Auditor Independence and Possible Remedies. Retrieved from: https://www.financepractitioner.com/auditing-best-practice/threats-to-auditor-independence-and-possible-remedies?full
Matthew, S. E. (2015). Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?. The Accounting Review, 90(2), 495-527. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50871
Merchant, K. A. (2012). Making Management Accounting Research More Useful. Pacific Accounting Review, 24(3), 1-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/01140581211283904
Niemi, L., and Sundgren, S. (2012). Are modified audit opinions related to the availability of credit? Evidence from Finnish SMEs. European Accounting Review, 21(4), 767-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2012.671465
Peirson, G., Brown, R., Easton, S., Howard, P & Pinder, S. (2015). Business FinanceNorth Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia.
Rezaee, Z & Kedia, B. L. (2012). Role of Corporate Governance Participants in Preventing and Detecting Financial Statement Fraud. Journal of Forensic & Investigative Accounting. [online]. 4(2), pp. 176-205. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.06.041
Roach, L. (2010). Auditor Liability: Liability Limitation Agreements. Pearson.
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