The solar panel is a kind of power system which is used to generate a large amount of energy by using various kinds of components like sensors and motors. In this type of system solar cells are arranges and designed in a form of the grid pattern of the edge of the solar panel. Solar panel or plates are established with the help of crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide that can enhance the performance of photovoltaic cells (Akbar, Siddiq, & Aziz, 2017). It is researched that most the countries obtain energy by using fossil fuels and it is very limited for which solar tracking system is developed and it reduced the problem of energy and improved efficiency of power systems. In the field of electricity to reduce energy losses and optimize the use of power automatic solar process can be used because it has the ability to track the intensity of sunlight by automatically using controllers and stepper motors (Al, & Akayleh, 2017). This report is explaining how solar tracking system work and the role of this technology to reduce distortion and losses.
There are main four components used to design any solar tracking system such as Arduino microcontroller, solar panels, LDR sensor, and stepper motor. In the last five years, the use of solar powers are increased by 40% and many users adopted this technology in their home and office (Bentaher, et al., 2014). This paper is categorized into four parts, for example, literature review, methods, results and discussion, and recommendation.
The solar tracking system is a modern innovation in the field of the power system and the main goal of this technology is to increase efficiency and produce maximum power from solar plates. This project is very simple and cheap because the working mechanism of solar panel is very easy to understand and it is less complex as compared to other technologies (Chao, Huazhang, & Jie, 2015). There are many researched provided review on this project and they identified that the main drawback of solar tracking process is that the maintenance cost of solar panels are very high by which many consumers are not able to purchase this technology. LDR is defined as light deepened resistor which is used in the solar tracking system to emit an electron and produce energy signals from the light of the sun. The main key factor in the sector of the power system is a solar panel and it consists of flat surface on that number of p-n junction are placed (Chowdhury, Ali, & Kumar, 2016)
The unique feature of this b technology is that it uses earth as a reference and takes the sun as a source which provides light or electricity. In remote zones, the sun is a shabby wellspring of power in light of the fact that rather than pressure driven generators it utilizes sun oriented cells to deliver power (Das, Habib, & Mynuddin, 2015). However, because of the turn of the earth, those boards can’t keep up their position dependably in front of the sun. This issue results in a decline of their effectiveness. Subsequently, to get a consistent yield, a computerized framework is required which ought to be skilled to always turn the sun oriented board. In cloudy weather, this system rotates their arms in the direction of the earth but the speed of their rotation is equal to the speed of earth (Fathabadi, 2016).
To get the maximum intensity of sun people can place solar panel at the angle of 45 degrees and if any problem occurs then it provides a feedback process and display the error message on LCD screen (Lokhande, 2014). It is very flexible rather than manual operating solar system and it is estimated that many users adopt automatic system because it has the ability to produce a large amount of electricity at a time because it rotates with the movement of the sun. This proposition expands on the above difficulties to fabricate a more productive, powerful and precise GPS beacon that singles out the solid highlights of the single, double, dynamic tracker and the azimuth tracker. The gadget to be created in this manner fuses the utilization of sensors, moving gadgets (engines) and a microcontroller with an extraordinary arrangement of guidelines that guarantees that the issues experienced with the last trackers are explained. The utilization of sun oriented trackers can build power generation by around a third, and some case by as much as 40% in a few areas, contrasted and modules at a settled edge (Maharaja, Xavier, Amla, & Balaji, 2015). In any sunlight based application, the changing effectiveness is enhanced when the modules are constantly changed in accordance with the ideal edge as the sun navigates the sky. As enhanced effectiveness implies enhanced yield, utilization of trackers can have a significant effect on the wage from a huge plant (Mistry, & Patel, 2014).
The research methodology will involve different kinds of strategies, plans, and methods that can help to understand the concept of the solar tracking system. There are various processes used in the research method, for example, approach, data or information collection process, design, data management, and analysis techniques (Quesada, et al., 2015). The mina purpose of selecting these methods is to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the research proposal. The key objective of this research is to design and implement an automatic solar tracking system and generate electricity by using this technology. Different types of studies and journal paper will be used in this research to maintain a balance between the title of the project and relevant information.
For this research paper, a mixer research design will be used which involve both qualitative and quantitative analysis method. In the field of qualitative data analysis, the subjective information’s are collected by various journals and it provides quality of research. The quantitative data method provides real data on solar tracking system and it involves various graphs, pictures, and tables to understand the concept of the solar system. (Racharla, & Rajan, 2017). Therefore, the mixed study design is a very best method to find the significance of this technology and people can feather technical knowledge about solar tracking process.
In this research proposal, both primary and secondary types of data collection methods are used. The secondary data can be collected from different locations such as books, online websites, articles, and journal papers. The primary data can be identified from the questionnaire that will be transferred to the participants who will participate in this research report (Sidek, et al., 2017). With the help of these data collection methods, the researcher will able to enhance their knowledge in the sector of electric energy. Therefore, these two methods can increase the effectiveness of the research and researchers can easily elaborate automatic solar tracking system.
The solar panel system is the more expansive system because it required a number of solar plates and various kinds of equipment. The main ethical issue of this technology is that many organizations provide solar panel service to users but they use dump toxic waste to make solar tracking system which produces a negative impact on the environment. This problem can be addressed by making government policies and strategies and they identified companies which are using this type of toxic waste.
The data analysis process can be used by research to describe both primary and secondary data process to identify the pattern of the topic (automatic solar tracking system). This process will assist the writer to interpret the data or information which is collected by using both analysis techniques. However, there are other various types of process which can be used, for example, statistical analysis, content analysis, and disclosure analysis. In this research proposal, content analysis process will be utilized to find the main reason to implement solar-based technology and it also provides a platform to reach a valid result or outcome (Skouri, et al., 2016).
Statistical analysis provides an explanation of solar tracking system by using various charts and static data and researcher will be used this method to increase their knowledge. There are many authors provided complete information about this topic and researcher can study journals to get Statistical data on the solar system.
There are different types of components used in the circuit of solar tracking, for example, LDR, 555 timers, decade counters, the ULN2003 driver IC and stepper motor of 12 V.
In this circuit consistent current is given crosswise over LDR and consistent voltage is given over 555 clocks. 555 clocks are utilized for the monostable circuit. In monostable circuit an activating heartbeat is required; this heartbeat is given by LDR course of action. LDR is negative temperature coefficient gadget, so when the circuit is held under light, opposition over the LDR diminishes. As present over the LDR is steady and obstruction diminishes with light power, voltage begins to change its express, this voltage is filling in as activating beat in the monostable circuit (Vieira, et al., 2016).
From mono stable multivibrator circuit, we get voltage waveform, which stays in high state, to begin with, at that point changes, and its state with differing light force. Here yield is taken from (00, 01, 02, and 03) pins which are associated through protection from Darlington combine.
Darlington combine is utilized to acquire high present gain since current acquired from decade counter is opened up by Darlington combine (Yang, et al., 2017).
This research proposal is completely based mixed method analysis which is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The ma
This research proposal used various kinds of journals and books to explain the concept of the solar tracking process. Authors explained only theoretical information about this topic and they did not evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this system due to which researcher cannot define which energy system is best in this generation.
Conclusion
Automatic solar tracking system use microcontroller to control the functions of solar panel and people can check the results of this process on RCO display. It is a very effective process and provides a large quantity of energy at a time because it catches maximum intensity of sunlight by moving along the sun. This report evaluated the significance of solar based energy system and various methodologies used to understand the concept of this technique. People should adopt this system with proper configuration because it is very complex to design so if any organization or consumer purchases this kind of energy system then he should check the configuration.
There are main two limitations of the solar tracking system, for example, it is a more expansive process and maintenance cost is very high. The use of solar panel is increasing very quickly by which service providers increased their cost and the price of one solar panel is very high due to that users cannot able to buy this type of services (Sumathi, Jayapragash, Bakshi, & Akella, 2017). To reduce the issue of complexity people can adopt modern electronic equipment’s and electric devices which are very efficient and less in price.
References
Akbar, H. S., Siddiq, A. I., & Aziz, M. W. (2017). Microcontroller based dual axis sun tracking system for maximum solar energy generation. American Journal of Energy Research, 5(1), 23-27.
Al-Soud, M., & Akayleh, A. (2017). Development of a solar water distillation system with a mechanical sun tracker. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 12(2) 1-6.
Bentaher, H., Kaich, H., Ayadi, N., Hmouda, M. B., Maalej, A., & Lemmer, U. (2014). A simple tracking system to monitor solar PV panels. Energy conversion and management, 78, 872-875.
Chao, C., Huazhang, W., & Jie, C. (2015). Six quadrants automatic tracking system of solar photovoltaic power generation. Renewable Energy Resources, 33(1), 6-10.
Chowdhury, N. B., Ali, M. L., & Kumar, B. (2016). Development of an Automatic Solar Heat Tracking Parabolic Heliostat Panel System. Development, 4(1), 18.
Das, P. K., Habib, M. A., & Mynuddin, M. (2015). Microcontroller Based Automatic Solar Tracking System with Mirror Booster. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 4(4), 125-136.
Fathabadi, H. (2016). Novel high accurate sensorless dual-axis solar tracking system controlled by maximum power point tracking unit of photovoltaic systems. Applied energy, 173, 448-459.
Lokhande, M. K. (2014). Automatic solar tracking system. International Journal of Core Engineering and Management, 1(7), 122-133.
Maharaja, K., Xavier, R. J., Amla, L. J., & Balaji, P. P. (2015). Intensity-based dual axis solar tracking system. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(8), 19457-19465.
Mistry, A., & Patel, N. (2014). Design of An Automatic Solar Tracking System Based On Microcontroller. International journal for technological research in engineering, 1(6), 16-20.
Quesada, G., Guillon, L., Rousse, D. R., Mehrtash, M., Dutil, Y., & Paradis, P. L. (2015). Tracking strategy for photovoltaic solar systems in high latitudes. Energy Conversion and Management, 103, 147-156.
Racharla, S., & Rajan, K. (2017). Solar tracking system–a review. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 10(2), 72-81.
Sidek, M. H. M., Azis, N., Hasan, W. Z. W., Ab Kadir, M. Z. A., Shafie, S., & Radzi, M. A. M. (2017). Automated positioning dual-axis solar tracking system with precision elevation and azimuth angle control. Energy, 124(8), 160-170.
Skouri, S., Ali, A. B. H., Bouadila, S., Salah, M. B., & Nasrallah, S. B. (2016). Design and construction of sun tracking systems for solar parabolic concentrator displacement. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60(2), 1419-1429.
Sumathi, V., Jayapragash, R., Bakshi, A., & Akella, P. K. (2017). Solar tracking methods to maximize PV system output–A review of the methods adopted in the recent decade. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74(8), 130-138.
Vieira, R. G., Guerra, F. K. O. M. V., Vale, M. R. B. G., & Araújo, M. M. (2016). Comparative performance analysis between static solar panels and single-axis tracking system on a hot climate region near to the equator. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64(4), 672-681.
Yang, C. K., Cheng, T. C., Cheng, C. H., Wang, C. C., & Lee, C. C. (2017). Open-loop altitude-azimuth concentrated solar tracking system for solar-thermal applications. Solar Energy, 147(10), 52-60.
Zhang, Q. X., Yu, H. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, Z. Y., Shao, C. H., & Yang, D. (2015). A solar automatic tracking system that generates power for lighting greenhouses. Energies, 8(7), 7367-7380.
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