The health risks at the construction sites are increasing at a steep rate (Safe Work Australia 2017). The numbers of accidents are also being increased (Brown 2015). BIM model is a 3D process that helps the professionals to assess the site and the building before starting the actual construction. The research will assess the risks and investigate whether the BIM model will be helpful in reducing those risks.
The objectives of the research will be:
The research questions for the project will be:
The health and safety of the workers has become one of the most important issues in the construction industry. Even though, various measures have been taken, yet none of them has been able to give a permanent solution. BIM model will help in bringing the idea of ‘prevention in better than cure’. If the risks could be assessed in the initial level, the chances of accidents will be reduced later while the work will be on progress.
Once the research will be carried out properly, it will help understanding the risks and the solutions with the help of BIM model, many organizations do not implement the BIM model thinking that will increase the cost of construction. The research will throw light on its importance so that the lives of the workers could be saved.
The literature review work as the base for the research paper. The researcher is able to get an idea about the previous works that have been done on the similar topic. It helps in getting an idea about the result of the research as done by other authors (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The readers also get well acquainted with the topic and they are able to get an idea about the areas that the research will cover. Once the primary data will be analyzed, they will get an idea about the way the participants feel regarding the subject on which the research will be carried out. The literature review also consists of the secondary data that is essential for the research work (Lushey and Munro 2015).
According to Rowlinson et al. (2014) BIM model is a 3D image process that helps the construction managers to set up an idea about the place where the building will constructed as well as the building as a whole. construction managers is able to get an idea about the way the building look like after the construction and whether it will be able to fit itself in the land that has been assigned to it. Zhou, Bai and Sun (2014) added that with the help of the BIM model, the construction managers would be able to get an idea regarding nay issues with the building and the factors that should be given special consideration while the actual construction will start. The BIM model is also helpful in giving an idea about the risks that might come up while construction is in process. As rightly put forwarded by Jamshidi et al. (2015) taking the help of BIM model will not only save the building from future risk but will also save the life of the people who are working at the site. They would know which part of the building is critical and the extra measures of safety that they need to take while carrying out the work. As opined by Mahendra, Pitroda and Bhavsar (2013) the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) can get a insight of the tools and the designs. As pointed out by EIDA and Pandey (2015) with the help of the BIM model they can plan the buildings well, design them properly and manage the infrastructure of the building.
Workers have to work at height
It can be construction of a new building or any demolition work; the workers have to work at height (Omran, Shafie and Kulaib 2015). At times, the workers are not aware of the best place from where they should work or plan the work to minimize the risks reacted to working at height. Many accidents and health hazards have taken place as the workers are mainly working at heights (Radujkovic 2013).
The objects at the construction sites are always moving (Taylan et al. 2016). The equipments that are used for overhead lifting are shifting the loads, the vehicles used for supply and dumping are also moving. They are mainly moving in a land that is not smooth and hence, the risks of accidents increase accordingly (Rowlinson et al. 2014).
The loads and the materials that are used for the construction site have to be handled either with the help of any machine or manually (Zhou, Bai and Sun 2014). The manual or the machinery involvement in handling the loads depends on the type of the load. Proper training is necessary and a pre-planning is required the handling of the loads so that the workers would not have face any unnecessary accidents (Jamshidi et al. 2015).
The building collapse may not be directly associated with the accidents as at times it is dine intentionally (Mahendra, Pitroda and Bhavsar 2013). However, a building that lacks proper planning can collapse mid way giving rise to much causality. Even if a building is collapsed intentionally, proper planning should be done to measure the impacts on the place (Omran, Shafie and Kulaib 2015). On the other hand, proper planning should be done to avoid any accident based on collapse (EIDA and Pandey 2015). The amount of lives that are lost is much more than other types of accidents.
High Reliability Organization Theory can be defined with the help of the actions of those organizations that take necessary measures to avoid accidents that might rise from normal situations (Grabowski and Roberts 2016). In High Reliability Organization Theory, the employees from the junior most level to the employees of the senior most level are aware of the issues of risk and they take necessary measures to avoid the risk (Busby and Iszatt?White 2014).
One of the setbacks of the High Reliability Organization Theory is that they see things in a bigger level and tend to overlook the smaller issues, whereas both the small and big issues should be taken into consideration while measuring the risks (Robbins 2016).
In construction sites as well, the High reliability organizations should be taken into account (Grabowski and Roberts 2016). The BIM model that will be used should use High reliability organization theory nut should also keep a check on the smaller accidents that might happen in the organization (Busby and Iszatt?White 2014). Bigger accidents can happen from smaller faults and hence keeping a check on both in necessary.
The literature mainly talks about the BIM model to maintain the safety and security of the construction sites. There can be other modes of safety that can be applied in the construction sites (Radujkovic 2013). The workers should be given harness while carrying out the work and so on. They should be well trained before they come for any kind of work in the construction sites (Taylan et al. 2016). These issues were not being discussed in the literature. Moreover, there are certain risks that could not be solved even with the BIM model (Rowlinson et al. 2014). Thus, the limitation of the research stays in this case.
The main aim of the research is role of BIM model for managing risk in construction industry. The methodology helps the researcher as well as the readers to get an idea about the steps that are taken into consideration while carrying out the work. The researcher is able to follow systematic manner to complete the work (Mackey and Gass 2015). The role of the researcher is to make the readers aware that whatever steps are being taken in the paper should be explained properly. The readers should know the reason behind choosing any one type of way of carrying out the work (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015).
Three types of research approach is available to a researcher:
For the present research work, mixed research approach will be taken into consideration. The feedback of the employees who are working in construction is important as they are directly working in the site (Flick 2015). If the BMI model made prior to the starting of the construction then they would have worked with ease and tension free. In addition to this, the feedbacks of the managers are important as well. They are the only people who are responsible of looking after the health and safety of the employees (Vaioleti 2016). Hence, the feedback of the managers regarding the importance of BIM model is necessary to get an idea about its application on the organization.
The feedback of 100 employees will be taken using the Quantitative research approach and feedback of three managers of different companies will be taken using the Qualitative research approach (Smith 2015). The number of employee are many and hence, their feedback will be crisp and to the point. They will be given questionnaires with close-ended questions (Panneerselvam 2014). On the other hand, the managers need to given their feedback in detail and hence, their questions will be open-ended (Gast and Ledford 2014).
The research strategy that will be used for the particular research work will be interview and survey method. The survey method will be applied while getting the feedback of the employees (Lushey and Munro 2015). The number of employees will be huge. Their feedback will be taken in the form of survey so that an idea could be made regarding the way the employees think about the use of BIM model. The employees of one company will not be taken into considerations,. The employees who are working in any construction site will be asked about their feedback. It will not be possible to take the detailed feedback of the employees and hence survey method will be applied.
On the other hand, the number of managers will be less. They will be giving a detailed feedback about the use of BIM model before the construction starts. The managers will be giving detailed feedback and hence, their interview will be taken face to face (Mackey and Gass 2015).
Two types of data will be required to complete the research work:
The feedback of other authors and the work that has been carried out earlier will be considered as the secondary data. it will be collected from various books and online sources (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015).
The primary data will be collected from the employees and the managers (Flick 2015). The instrument that will be used to take the interview of the managers and the employees will be the questionnaires (Vaioleti 2016). The employees will be giving answer to open-ended questions and the managers will be giving answers to close-ended questions (Smith 2015).
The independent variable for the present research paper will be the BIM model. The dependent variable will be the level of safety in contrition sites. Level of safety depends on the BIM model
The secondary data and the feedback of the mangers will be analyzed wit the help of narrative method (Panneerselvam 2014). The secondary data will be the detailed data and the feedback of the mangers will be in detail. Hence, the data will be compared and analyzed in a narrative manner. The feedback of the employees will be compact and the feedback of the employees will be analyzed with the help of MS excel (Gast and Ledford 2014).
Neither the managers nor the employees will be forced to take part in the research (Lushey and Munro 2015). The purpose of the research and then the usage of the research will be explained to them. If the managers and the employees were not ready to take part, then they would not be asked for the second time (Mackey and Gass 2015). The personal information of neither the employees nor the managers will be published in the research paper (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The employees and the managers have certain constraints as they are working under an organization, hence their names will not be revealed at any cost.
Summary/Conclusion
After going through the methodology, it can be summarized that the feedback of the employees as well as the feedback of the managers are important to complete the research work. The mixed research method will help in getting an idea about the way the managers are thinking about the BIM model as well as the safety issues. Interview as well as survey will be used as detailed and crisp idea about the use of BIM model. Proper ethics will be maintained. The participants would not be forced to take part in the research and the names of the participants would not be reveled in the paper due to professional constraints.
While getting the interview of the managers, the questionnaire should be framed properly. The employees will be given close-ended question with multiple-choice answers. There will be ten questions in the questionnaire. The questions for the managers will be open-ended. There will be one common question for three mangers.
The issue that can come up while carrying out the work is with time. Time will be consumed until 100 employees have given their feedback. The feedbacks of the managers is also important and time will be consumed as the managers should be giving their appointment to carry out the work. The managers may not be available all the time and hence, time will be consumed there as well.
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Activities for the research work |
1st week |
2nd – 4th week |
5th-6th week |
7th-9th week |
10th week |
11th week |
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Short listing and selecting the topic for the research |
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Studying the previous works of the authors and preparing the literature review |
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Preparing the research methodology |
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Interviewing the managers and the employees to get the primary data |
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Arranging the findings and analyzing the data |
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Making the interpretations after the analysis of the data |
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Writing the conclusion |
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Preparing the final work and submitting the work |
Reference
Brown, R. 2015. Construction workers more likely to die by suicide than accidents. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-20/construction-workers-more-likely-to-die-by-suicide-than-accident/6958768 [Accessed 26 May 2017].
Busby, J. and Iszatt?White, M., 2014. The relational aspect to high reliability organization. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(2), pp.69-80.
EIDA, A.M. and Pandey, R., 2015. Risk Management in Small Construction Project. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technonology Research, 4, pp.2472-2474.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014. Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Grabowski, M. and Roberts, K.H., 2016. Reliability seeking virtual organizations: Challenges for high reliability organizations and resilience engineering. Safety Science.
Jamshidi, N., Jonasch, E., Zapala, M., Korn, R.L., Aganovic, L., Zhao, H., Tumkur Sitaram, R., Tibshirani, R.J., Banerjee, S., Brooks, J.D. and Ljungberg, B., 2015. The radiogenomic risk score: construction of a prognostic quantitative, noninvasive image-based molecular assay for renal cell carcinoma. Radiology, 277(1), pp.114-123.
Lushey, C.J. and Munro, E.R., 2015. Participatory peer research methodology: An effective method for obtaining young people’s perspectives on transitions from care to adulthood?. Qualitative Social Work, 14(4), pp.522-537.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
Mahendra, P.A., Pitroda, J.R. and Bhavsar, J.J., 2013. A Study of Risk Management Techniques for Construction Projects in Developing Countries. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 3(5), pp.139-142.
Omran, A., Shafie, M.W.M. and Kulaib, H.M.O., 2015. Identifying Environmental Risk in Construction Projects in Malaysia: Stakeholder Perspective. Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 13(2), p.89.
Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Radujkovic, M., 2013. Risk sources and drivers in construction projects. Managing Risks in Projects, p.275.
Robbins, J., 2016. High Reliability Organization and Applicability to the Battlefield to Reduce Errors Associated with Combat Casualty Care. US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth United States.
Rowlinson, S., YunyanJia, A., Li, B. and ChuanjingJu, C., 2014. Management of climatic heat stress risk in construction: a review of practices, methodologies, and future research. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 66, pp.187-198.
Safe Work Australia 2017. Fatality statistics. [online] Safe Work Australia. Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/statistics-and-research/statistics/fatalities/fatality-statistics [Accessed 26 May 2017].
Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.
Taylan, O., Bafail, A.O., Abdulaal, R.M. and Kabli, M.R., 2014. Construction projects selection and risk assessment by fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methodologies. Applied Soft Computing, 17, pp.105-116.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Vaioleti, T.M., 2016. Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research. Waikato Journal of Education, 12(1).
Zhou, J.L., Bai, Z.H. and Sun, Z.Y., 2014. A hybrid approach for safety assessment in high-risk hydropower-construction-project work systems. Safety Science, 64, pp.163-172.
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