The social belief of looking at a healthy person is that a person is not ill or has any disease. If a person has slightly more than required fat, he is considered to be extra healthy, if a person is way too thin, in spite of his activeness, swiftness of doing things, knowledge, he is considered to be unfit, under-nourished (McMillen, 2011). In other words, people look at him as an unhealthy child who needs extra care. And the wellness is associated with a person’s status (McMillen, 2011).. As we proceed further, I will tell you the theoretical definition of health and wellness.
Biopsychosocial factors that impact health and wellness (There are many factors that impact the health and wellness of an individual. Health, from the traditional viewpoint, is absence of a disease in a body. After studying many theories related to wellbeing and health and the many factors that impact them, I think what Myers has to say about it is quite right. Spirituality can be an epicentre of a person’s wellbeing. It gave meaning to life when things are going haywire (Myers, & Sweeney, 2008). The Wheel of Wellness by Myers and others has very beautifully explained the factors responsible for wellbeing and good health. Spirituality gives life a meaning, a feeling of being worthy, realistic beliefs, sense of humour, exercise, self-care, self-control, emotional strength, nutrition, gender and cultural identity and stress management (Myers, & Sweeney, 2008).
Another aspect that they discussed on wider spectrum that influences the health and wellness is the Indivisible Self, which has origin of the family or family background and neighbourhood, community are referred as local context, which also refers to the biological factors, institutional context include your work place and other institutions like government, religious places, educational institutions you have been to in your life, which is social factors (Myers, & Sweeney, 2008). Global context talks about the impact of people around us and things happening across the globe, like different weather conditions, Politics, culture, media. Last but not the least, chronometrically, which talks about the beliefs that develop in a person all through his lifespan, like being positive, purposeful (McMillen, 2011). The last two are the ones that basically have the psychological impact.
Biological components include the genetics, age, gender, your menopause stage or any medical condition. These physiological factors impact the health or contribute to illness (McMillen, 2011).
Social factors like your institutions you have been into for work or studies, marriage, finances and society and family influence.
Psychological factors are actually the thought process that a person goes through while in a particular situation, which might have lead to a person in stress, anxiety, pain (Oser, Beck, Alvarado, & Pang, 2014).
The fourth factor impacting health is a behavioural aspect of a person is also impacted by this one factor of psychology, like adapting smoking, alcohol, lifestyle which leads to obesity (Myers, & Sweeney, 2008).
Biological factors that impact some kind of illness that I can think of is your issues with the menopause stage, nausea a woman have during her pregnancy, pains or problems like diabetes, bone health or the blood pressure levels (Oser, Beck, Alvarado, & Pang, 2014).
Behavioural factors that influence health are many out of which I would like to voice out adapting the habit of smoking and drinking. When at a work place, either by the influencing factors of colleagues, or work pressure, for enjoyment or at times just to accompany others, a person starts smoking and drinking, which further effects his teeth in the longer run, but has instant impact on lungs and the drinking habit impacts both lungs and kidneys (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011). It even leads to enlargement or shrinkage of lungs which ultimately leads to death (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011).
Psychological factors that impact health are anxiety, stress. The one I would like to discuss is stress. At workplace or at home, due to the increasing competition in every field, being Holistic has become part of life. This aspect they reflect during their conversations while driving, or even at home on children or their life partner, which is referred to as work stress or competition (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011). This stress, stresses your heart muscles increasing calcium content in arteries and also an increase in stress hormones, which contribute to irregular heartbeat, chest pain or high BP, damaged arteries which can cause blood clots further contributing to coronary arteries (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011). Managing mental health impacts your medical health in a positive manner.
Environmental factors like social support or family support, which is very much part of society, plays a very prominent role in the health of a person. If a person has the feeling of relief at the back of mind, which comes through the support of either family or society of being there, can help a person recover from any kind of illness very easily (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011). Another such factor is work stress. This stress impacts your mental as well as medical wellness. According to the studies conducted by APA, 69% of working individual’s reports stressed due to work pressure and remaining 41% feeling stressed during work days (Pettignano, Caley, & Bliss, 2011).
The way a person thinks contributes to his health good or bad. To be in good health you need to have positive thinking, which keeps a person out of any kind of stress. As mentioned above about the wheel of wellness, I strongly believe that getting involved in spirituality or some kind of meditation helps a person relive of his stress levels (Simpson, 2009). Stress can be for any reason if someone passed a negative comment, generation gap and the thought process at home or at work, not being able to correctly behave in a situation, trying to be pleasing all at all times and much more. Stress can lead to problems like headaches, high BP, heart diseases, diabetes, skin problems, asthma, depression, anxiety, and obesity (Simpson, 2009).
Everyone faces anxiety from time to time; however, if someone faces chronic anxiety, it would have a negative impact on the quality of life a person lives. It is a disorder that impacts your mental health and can even have a serious impact on your physical health. Panic attacks which can cause heart palpitations, light-headedness and chest pain. Fibromyalgia is yet another chronic condition in medical terms, which causes muscle pain and also fatigue (Sudakov, 2008).
Anxiety, unhappiness, and other emotional disorders are very common in people having arthritis; especially the younger generation faces this. Anxiety also leads to somatoform disorders, with physical symptoms like pain, weakness, dizziness or nausea, which have no obvious physical reason (Simpson, 2009).
Physical activity leads to physical health, which provides resolution to many problems a person faces like stress, obesity, etc. People are turning towards the natural resources for gaining good health like practicing Yoga, leaves, fruits and vegetables. Health prospects of these sources are getting highlighted (Dreher, 2008). The best part is they are getting aware and have started to make efforts to achieve both mental and physical health, developing wellness in every aspect.
Here, cognitive wellness focuses on the health of elderly people. A person in their old age faces problems like dementia and Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer is certainly not the loss of mind or imagination, it’s just memory loss. Similarly, dementia doesn’t mean that a person cannot enjoy or find pleasure in doing something. Art, in and of any form has always been a healer (Warren, Thakur, & Cao, 2014). There has been evidence that proves that are not only just provide cognitive health but also overall wellness and contentment for people facing any kind of challenge and at any age. Wellness equation has two components, which thinks or makes perceptions and manage the cognitive functioning and other that just believes in doing things for pleasure or purpose fulfilment in life (Simpson, 2009).
NCCA (National Centre for Creative Aging) emphasis on the understanding of relationship between the healthy aging and creative expression, in turn developing programs for building such understanding (Moodley, Sutherland, & Oulanova, 2008)
Conclusion:
The above text discusses the statement, “Health and wellness are more than the absence of disease.” Through the academics and the knowledge gained from other sources, according to my understanding, I have mentioned the thoughts and theories around the biopsychsocial factors that contribute to different problems we tend to face in our daily lives in this fast paced world along with the factors influencing them (Dreher, 2008). The four factors that impact bio psychosocial aspect are biological, behavioural, environmental and psychological it also discusses the impact of bio psychosocial aspect has on health and wellbeing along with their examples. Cognitive response to old age health and steps being taken for the wellbeing are also mentioned. Health and wellness have also been discussed.
References
Dreher, H. (2008). Not Just Exercise, But Wellness. Holistic Nursing Practice, 22(3), 141-145.
McMillen, J. (2011). Health, Wellness, and Society. The International Journal Of Health, Wellness, And Society, 1(1), 59-68.
Moodley, R., Sutherland, P., & Oulanova, O. (2008). Traditional healing, the body and mind in psychotherapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 21(2), 153-165. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070802066870
Myers, J., & Sweeney, T. (2008). Wellness Counseling: The Evidence Base for Practice. Journal Of Counseling & Development, 86(4), 482-493. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00536.x
Oser, R., Beck, E., Alvarado, J., & Pang, V. (2014). School and Community Wellness: Transforming Achievement Using a Holistic Orientation to Learning. Multicultural Perspectives, 16(1), 26-34. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2014.872935
Pettignano, R., Caley, S., & Bliss, L. (2011). An Interdisciplinary Collaborative Approach to Wellness. The International Journal Of Health, Wellness, And Society, 1(2), 129-140. https://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/cgp/v01i02/41154
Simpson, A. (2009). Religious belief and psychological wellbeing. Mental Health Practice, 12(8), 15-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.12.8.15.s25
Sudakov, V. (2008). Emotional stress: Some immune mechanisms of individual resistance. International Journal Of Psychophysiology, 69(3), 197. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.535
Warren, S., Thakur, A., & Cao, W. (2014). Designing for Physical, Psychological, and Spiritual Wellness. The International Journal Of Health, Wellness, And Society, 3(4), 79-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/cgp/v03i04/58092
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