Professional Scenario: As per the given scenario, Johnny is the audit in-change in ABC Company (ABC) and PCAOB is going to visit the company for inspection. Another major purpose of this visit can be the investigation of the audit works of ABC. It can be observed that audit work paper is not completed as two major documents are missing that are key item worksheet and signed audit engagement letter. After obtaining work paper from the initial issue, the engagement letter including the signature was still missing. At the manager’s request, Johnny has obtained the signature of the client without disclosing the actual date and intension of the inclusion. It implies that Johnny has breached the principle of objectivity (Houghton and Campbell 2013). As per this principle, the auditors are required to show professionalism at the time to collect, analyze and communicate information for auditing activities. In addition, the auditors should not compromise the professional judgment under any influence. In the given case, the manager of ABC has influence on Johnny for the submission of audit work papers. Hence, Johnny is not impartial as well as independent (Beauchamp and Bowie 2014).
Thus, PCAOB has the authority to sanction Johnny as he has not acted in the favor of the stakeholders and his acts are highly unprofessional. Hence, Johnny and the manager should face the necessary consequences for adopting illegal measures to submit the work paper.
Student Scenario: As per the given scenario, Mary Jo downloads the test books from the website in spite of the fact that they are only for the use of the instructors. By doing this, she has been able to secure good marks in the exam. With this action, Mary Jo has breached the principles of fairness, honesty, integrity, responsibility and legality. As per these principles, an individual is required to be knowledgeable, understanding and truthful in order to ensure honesty in learning. As per the scenario, Mary Jo has taken a dishonest way for getting good marks and it violates the principle of honesty. As per the principle of fairness, there needs to be equality in procedures and practices. Thus, by taking unethical services from Samantha, Mary Jo has not been able to maintain the principle (Peters 2015).
In this context, it is the responsibly of both Mary Jo and Samantha to maintain academic integrity. However, in spite of the notification provided by the website that the test banks are for the instructors, Mary Jo has downloaded them and it contributes to the violation of legality as well as integrity principle. For this reason, the institution has the authority to sanction Mary Jo for his actions (Chan 2014).
Professional Scenario: In this case, the major stakeholders are ABC, the manager and PCAOB. The major issue for ABC is the missing of two major documents that can create major effect on the books of the company. In case ABC fails to obtain relevant information for the accounts, stakeholders can raise questions for the trustworthiness about the financial information of the company and it can lead to the loss of trust of the shareholders (Verbeke and Tung 2013). Another major stakeholder is the manager. Johnny has carried out the working paper related activities at the direction of the managers. In addition, the manager has also provided the direction to reprint the work paper. In this context, PCAOB can question the responsibility of the manager towards the company as he has provided Johnny the required assistance for hiding the mistakes. For this reason, PCAOB can warn the manager as well as can terminate him for such irresponsible actions (Verbeke and Tung 2013).
Student Scenario: Apart from Mary Jo, two other stakeholders are Samantha and the university. It can be observed that Mary Jo has downloaded the test banks from the website in spite of the restrictions at the suggestion of Samantha. In case, the university can catch Mary Jo for the use of test banks, the university can suspend Mary Jo or expulse her (Mok, Shen and Yang 2015). At this time, in case Mary Jo confesses to the university that she has got the advice of using test banks from Samantha, then the same consequences can be happened to Samantha. University is another stakeholder. As per the regulation of the university, every student is required to comply with rules and regulations. In this case, there is a violation of academic integrity of the university and the university would be required to take more strict actions against this (Mok, Shen and Yang 2015).
Professional Scenario: From the given scenario, it can be observed that Johnny has carried out the activities at the direction of the managers of ABC. The situation shows the delivery of work papers to the office of the manager before the arrival of the officers from PCAOB. Johnny is audit in-change at ABC; for this reason, some staffs word be working under him in the company. The final audit report is deliverer to ABC after carrying out of all the required audit works. However, it can be observed that the managers of ABC has lost some of the original files and asked for the additional copies. Thus, in this situation, Johnny could say that they have already delivered the correct report with all the related information to the company and the negligence of the management of ABC was responsible for the loss of papers. From this point of view, the decision of Johnny can be rationalized (Kaptein 2015).
Student Scenario: From the provided scenario, it can be observed that Mary Jo and Samantha studies together in the same university. Mary Jo has been tired due to exam pressure and she lacks in the subject, Accounting 355. As it would be Mary Jo’s third exam in the week, she might not be able to secure pass marks in the examination due to pressure. In order to rationalize her behavior, Mary Jo can be said that she has used the test banks just for reference and they have helped her in gaining knowledge in the subject of the examination. With the help of these test banks, she has been able to secure good marks in the examination that would help her in the development of her professional carrier. In this manner, Mary Jo can rationalize her behavior (Brooks, Te Riele and Maguire 2014).
Professional Scenario: As per the provided scenario, it can be seen that even through the loss of the supporting worksheet, an electronic version of that document was there in the hard drive of the computer of Johnny. At the direction of the manager, it was reprinted and included in the file before the arrival of the PCAOB officials without providing any explanation and date. Apart from this, Johnny has also included the original signature of the client without mentioning the true date. In this context, Johnny had the option to inform the senior management of ABC about the direction of the manager. Apart from this, Johnny also had the option to put restriction in the action of the manager in manipulating the revised documents in order to maintain the professional as well as personal integrity (Hay, Knechel and Willekens 2014).
Student Scenario: In this particular case, Mary Jo had the option not to use the test banks by complying with the instruction of the website that they are only for the use of the instructors. In addition, she could have prevented Samantha from using the same by explaining her consequences they might be faced. These particular actions would maintain the personal as well as the integrity of the whole university (Biesta 2015).
Professional Scenario: After the revelation of the acts of Johnny, the following discussion shows the main reasons behind his silence:
Thus, in this context, Johnny had the option to inform the management of ABC about the direction of the manager that he received along with the delivery of accurate information to the officials of PCAOB (Jefrey 2018).
Student Scenario: After the revelation of the acts of Mary Jo, the following discussion shows the main reasons behind her silence:
Thus, in this scenario, Mary Jo had the option to stop using the test banks and she could also prevent Samantha from using the same by remanding her about the rules and regulations of the university (Giacalone and Promislo 2013).
References
Beauchamp, T.L. and Bowie, N.E. eds., 2014. Ethical theory and business. Pearson.
Biesta, G.J., 2015. Good education in an age of measurement: Ethics, politics, democracy. Routledge.
Brooks, R., Te Riele, K. and Maguire, M., 2014. Ethics and education research. Sage.
Chan, R., 2014. Ethics in education.
Giacalone, R.A. and Promislo, M.D., 2013. Broken when entering: The stigmatization of goodness and business ethics education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(1), pp.86-101.
Hay, D., Knechel, W.R. and Willekens, M. eds., 2014. The Routledge companion to auditing. Routledge.
Houghton, K. and Campbell, T., 2013. Ethics and Auditing.
Jefrey, C. ed., 2018. Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Kaptein, M., 2015. The effectiveness of ethics programs: The role of scope, composition, and sequence. Journal of business ethics, 132(2), pp.415-431.
Mok, K.Y., Shen, G.Q. and Yang, J., 2015. Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.446-457.
Peters, R.S., 2015. Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), pp.529-543.
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