Brown vs. Board of education case was about being equal to one another and being able to do things that African- Americans were not allowed to do. Students that were of color had to go to schools that were unsanitary and sometimes unsafe for them to reach their destination. The case was ruled that it was a violation towards the 14th amendment and was unconstitutional. (Journal, Ronald Brownstein and National). By coming to this decision it marked the end of the separate but equal saying that went around trying to make it seem right when it wasn’t.
Brown v. Board of Education marked a turning point in the history of race in the U.S. It was one of the major parts that came with the civil rights movement. (Separate Is Not Equal – Brown v. Board of Education). The supreme court declared laws in states saying that separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.(Silver). This segregation between blacks and whites denied the right of education for people of color and equal protection of the laws said to be on the 14th amendment.
(History.com Staff)
People’s beliefs in how they thought that everybody should be segregated because of color and that they all weren’t the same so people had disagreements on this case. Many southern schools objected of this case and didn’t want anything to do with it. Senator Harry from Virginia was the one to be leading the massive resistance that was made in order to stop schools from being desegregated.
Not long after the movement of massive resistance a senator and 100 other southern politicians signed what became to be known as the southern manifesto which means that the supreme court decisions on desegregation is a violation of states rights. Many schools decided to shut down rather than to desegregate and have a school with only white people. Some people were just closed minded that they didn’t want to go to school with someone who wasn’t the same color as them. All the reasons listed are part of the massive resistance that happened during the case of brown vs board of education. Their had to be resistance especially on a case like this where at these times Africans were still not respected and people still had hatred against them in some way because of their color of their skin didn’t match their own or their kids so they didn’t want people of color to have the same education as them.
After the Massive Resistance schools were forced to be desegregated and let people of color in their school.(NAACP Legal Defense Fund : Defend, Educate, Empower). So in response to the decisions that came after, the school board in Little Rock, Arkansas decided to let their schools come together and let people of color to be apart of the education that whites got. (NAACP Legal Defense Fund : Defend, Educate, Empower). Daisy recruited nine African high school students to enroll at Central High. (Williams, Juan. “Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine.”). On their first day at school they was a National Guard there waiting for them so they wouldn’t be able to enter school. Students had to be escorted by federal troops through an angry mob of white people as they walked toward the doors of an all white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas for their first day of classes. This event tested the south’s resistance to the landmarks 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.(History.com Staff) Little Rock Nine was a big part playing on how schools should be not segregated, by letting African students into school and stopping the resistance of schools being desegregated. This explains how africans were treated by being separated from being able to go to school with white people. (History.com Staff)
Five cases from Delaware, Kansas, Washington, D.C., South Carolina and Virginia were appealed to the United States Supreme Court when none of the cases were successful in the court. (Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54). The Supreme Court combined these cases into a single case which eventually became Brown v. Board of Education. (History – Brown v. Board of Education Re-Enactment) These 5 cases were Delaware — Belton v. Gebhart (Bulah v. Gebhart) was the case about African-Americans that wanted equal transportation to their one-room school, Kansas- Brown v. Board of Education was the Chapter of the NAACP agreed to again challenge the “separate but equal” doctrine governing public education, Washington, D.C. -Bolling v. Sharp was the petition on behalf of eleven African-American junior high school youths who were refused admission to all-white schools. Their school was grossly unequal in terms of physical condition, the location in a rundown part of the city, and lacking adequate educational materials (Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54), South Carolina -Briggs v. Elliot was sought to secure better schools, equal to those provided for white children, Virginia – Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was one hundred and seventeen African-American high school students chose to strike rather than attend all-black Moton High, which was in need of physical repair. (Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54). The students initially wanted a new building with indoor plumbing to replace the old school. (Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54). These were all the different types of court cases that were made into eventually a big one called Brown vs Board of Education.
How the cases that were now a part of brown vs board of education similiar to become as one big case. All these cases had something in common like sorely lacking in educational areas. Also challenging the “separate but equal” doctrine governing public education.(Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54). The biggest reason on why they are all like is because they fought against having unequal in terms of physical condition, the location in a rundown part of the city, and lacking adequate educational materials.(Combined Brown Cases, 1951-54). These all show reasons on how all these 5 cases are alike on fighting for what’s equal for them and to have failed to become one big case to fight for their civil rights.Its shows the fight that africans-americans had to put in to this case or in their lives just to be able to be treated equally and with respect as others got. To defend themselves and be able to go to schools that were good and sanitary.
Justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional.(History.com Staff). This marked a turning point in history for United States. On May 17, 1954 the court stripped away constitutional sanctions for segregation by race, and made equal opportunity in education for all. Brown v. Board of Education reached the Supreme Court through the fearless efforts of lawyers, parents, and students. Their struggle to be apart of the “American dream” set in motion making changes in the environment and changed the way that people should see the world. For some this was the start of the civil war movement and for others it was the end of segregation.
There were major parts playing in the civil rights movement and Brown v. Board of education was one of the important ones. The decision on this case actually solved six separate segregation cases from four states, all under the name Brown v. Board of Education. Many people from the south resisted the Brown ruling. They took their children from public schools and put them in all white “segregation academies,” and they used violence and intimidation to prevent blacks from getting their rights. (History.com Staff). In 1956, more than 100 Southern congressmen even signed a “Southern Manifesto” declaring that they would do all they could to defend segregation.(History.com Staff).
Brown v. Board of Education marked a turning point in the history of race in the U.S. It was one of the major parts that came with the civil rights movement. It was the case that was used to put out all Sheraton in America. There were multiple of other cases fighting for the same thing and lost until they were all brought together into one big one fighting for equal rights in education. Shows the fight that africans-americans had to put in to this case or in their lives just to be able to be treated equally and with respect as others got. To defend themselves and be able to go to schools that were good and sanitary.
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