Materials Degradation of materials has always been one of the major thrust areas of the department. Interaction of environment with the materials, like corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, hot corrosion, etc. is extremely important for final use of materials in different structural applications. Therefore, a group of faculty members and motivated students are actively involved in analysing behaviour in corrosive environment on steel, Mg-alloys, Al-alloys, Nano crystalline and amorphous alloys, etc.
The department is also involved in coatings of different classes to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance.
The main thrusts are:
(i) effect of corrosive,
(ii) effect of stress,
(iii) effect of composition and microstructure,
(iv) Bulk and surface modification to enhance the corrosion resistance.
Explain the importance of considering environmental impacts while selecting the building materials. Answer in 100-150 words
Buildings are crucial to the development of a city and the well-being of its citizens. When designing a building facility, it is imperative to minimise the environmental burdens caused by buildings, particularly in terms of natural resource consumption as well as pollutants and waste generation due to the use of construction materials. Despite that, it is difficult for decision makers to ascertain the environmental impacts embedded in or emitted from new buildings, as there is no agreed upon approach to assess the environmental impacts of construction materials. In this paper, a midpoint life cycle impact assessment method is employed to assess the environmental impacts of construction materials. Four institutional buildings in Hong Kong that serve different social functions are examined. The type and the amount of materials used in those projects along with their environmental impacts are delineated. With better insights about the environmental impacts of construction materials, clients and design team members can select suitable materials to realise a green building design.
the impact of tolerances on naturally occurring material which are used in building and construction.
The concept of tolerances is also be important when assembling a number of components, as some items may have very little flexibility to accommodate variations in neighboring items. For example, it may be relatively straight forward to adjust the setting out of brickwork to accommodate a slight variation in the size of a timber beam, or simply to cut the beam on site, but if a double glazing unit is even a millimeter larger than the opening for which it is intended, it simply will not fit. Even when individual items appear to be reasonably close to what was specified, variations can accumulate when a number of components are assembled, and this can create a clash with an item that may have a low tolerance.
This is becoming more important as the number of items prefabricated off site has increased, and so there is less scope for changes on site to make things fit.
In addition to dimensions, tolerances may be used to specify allowable variations in strength, stability, the mix of a material, the performance of a system, temperature ranges and so on.
There are a thousands of different standards available setting out accepted classes and ranges of tolerance for different materials, components, systems, construction techniques, fabrication methods, installation techniques and building types. These may range from relatively large tolerances for site layouts or landscaping to very precise tolerances for manufactured components.
List any seven (7) guidelines for assessing and choosing material for low-rise constructions.
Identify and evaluate the properties of building materials.
1 Suitability of materials commonly used in the region for low rise buildings is identified for a given building system.
.5. Tolerances for installing and assembling materials are identified and checked in regard to the nature of the work being performed and the requirements of relevant construction industry Australian standards. Element:
7.Use of the material.
the term “tolerance” with an example for the naturally occurring material used in building construction
The concept of tolerances is also be important when assembling a number of components, as some items may have very little flexibility to accommodate variations in neighboring items. For example, it may be relatively straight forward to adjust the setting out of brickwork to accommodate a slight variation in the size of a timber beam, or simply to cut the beam on site, but if a double glazing unit is even a millimeter larger than the opening for which it is intended, it simply will not fit. Even when individual items appear to be reasonably close to what was specified, variations can accumulate when a number of components are assembled, and this can create a clash with an item that may have a low tolerance.
Identify any six (6) tolerances requirement for the framing of a low-rise construction
For horizontal in-plane wall tolerances (i.e., straight wall surfaces):
For positional or layout tolerances (i.e., location of elements):
Several construction tolerance references are:
1.The Residential Construction Performance Guidelines, National Association of Home Builders
2.The United Facilities Guide Specification, Section 06 10 00: Rough Carpentry 3.4
3.Handbook of Construction Tolerances, David Kent Ballast.
4.Residential Construction Standards, National Association of State Contractors Licensing Agencies
5.Residential and Light Commercial Construction Standards, RS Means
List the four (4) methods to select material that is structurally adequate and appropriate for the building system specified in the contract.
Not a bad answer
Explain the following in 30-50 words each, with respect the building materials used in low-rise construction:
a.Fire resistance rating
b.Durability
c.Serviceability
A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail a host of other criteria, involving other evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.
Durability is the ability of a physical product to remain functional, without requiring excessive maintenance or repair, when faced with the challenges of normal operation over its design lifetime. Several units may be used to measure the durability of a product according to its field of application, such as years of life, hours of use, and operational cycles. In economics, good with a long usable life are referred to as durable goods.
Serviceability refers to the conditions under which a building is still considered useful. Should these limit states be exceeded, a structure that may still be structurally sound would nevertheless be considered unfit. It refers to conditions other than the building strength that render the buildings unusable. Serviceability limit state design of structures includes factors such as durability, overall stability, fire resistance, deflection, cracking and excessive vibration. For example, a skyscraper could sway severely yet be perfectly sound structurally. This building is in no danger of collapsing, yet since it is obviously no longer fit for human occupation, it is considered to have exceeded its serviceability limit state.
You have done your best
List any nine (9) direct and indirect causes that can degrade a building.
1.Fire stopping and draft stopping
2.Failure to follow engineered plan and specifications and/or not providing required documentation (plans, truss drawings, LVL information, etc.)
3.No 10 x 30 gravel driveway pad at footing inspection.
4.House not ready when inspection is called. Items from previous list not corrected.
5.Failure to provide continuous bearing for the ends of girder trusses down to the foundation.
6.Air barriers not installed at the framing (FR) inspection.
7.Spray polyurethane foam insulation not installed per manufacturer’s guidelines and/or the ICC Evaluation Service Report for that product.
8.Inadequate blocking between floor joists where a load-bearing wall is located above.
9.Improper caulking and weather-stripping around the exterior of the home.
10.a) No insulation at final inspection (attic access and/or flooring), and b) House numbers not posted.
When one talk about faulty materials failure of client, architect, builder, designer reject substandard materials. The other most common issue is in adequate inspection of material by supplier or receiver. For these issues first wrong point is planning. As before we discuss before we starting a project or ongoing a project we need have a plan. Most of the site what the do is when the materials are finished then only them buying the other load of materials. But some sites what they do is they bring up the materials for every one weak. So the wastage or the other issues are not over coming. Other big issue is in site there is no selected place to unload the materials. So most of the time transport cost is very mush of higher. So faulty materials are mainly cause for the building deterioration.
the need of alternate material. List any two (2) examples of alternate material.
Stick building methods can take several months to a year to complete. And while this is expected in many areas, it doesn’t have to be the case. Many alternative building methods can go up in just days or weeks, dramatically shortening the building time. When you consider that time is money, or the fact that many people building a home are paying for alternative lodging at the same time, this is a crucial factor in determining how to build.
Green building is the watch word of the industry these days, and many alternative building materials are eco-friendly or made of natural and renewable materials. Some green homes are also very energy efficient as well as green to build, so eco-conscious consumers can make good choices for their lifestyles by looking into some of these alternative building materials.
Stick building methods require specific amounts of material and lot size to construct. And even then, they may sometimes be weaker than they should be in areas that are prone to things like earthquakes, or in areas with unstable foundations, such as buildings built near a beach. Many alternative building materials are extremely strong, yet extremely lightweight at the same time. This means you can build them just about anywhere without issues.
Two example of alternative materials in construction:
Wish you could have added more details please change your toe examples
Why is the significance of transportation in moving building and construction material?
a.Transport of goods and material between seller and buyer requires a number of decisions to be made. Two important decisions that may influence the cost and the speed of the shipment are mode of transport and terms of delivery. While mode of transport is usually chosen after a trade-off between cost and duration of delivery, finalizing terms of delivery depends on risk-taking attitude and power of the parties involved [18]. In other words, assuming availability of all transportation options, the decision to use train, truck, vessel, and airplane is generally conformed to the limitation of time and cost. In statement of trade terms, the location where ownership is transferred, as well as arrangements for payment of any cost associated with delivery of items are clarified and it is a likely approach that each party would try to transfer all the risks and responsibility of paying all costs to the other party. INCOTERMS that are defined and published by the International Chamber of Commerce are put into action to minimize the probability of misunderstandings in such deals. INCOTERMS are a set of three-letter standard trade terms that are classified into four groups and distinguished by increasing obligations and risk assumed by the seller. In the E terms, seller is just responsible to make goods available at its own facility while in F terms his obligation is extended to delivery of the goods to the carrier appointed by the buyer. In group of C and D, however, seller will accept an increasing responsibility toward delivery of goods to the place of destination.
There are some useful steps you can take to protect your goods against common risks:
Explain the preparation and selection of material list for construction in low-rise building construction projects, in 100-150 words.
In Material Science Engineering understanding the material selection process is the key to engineering any application and/or part design. Material selection is the foundation of all engineering applications and design. This selection process can be defined by application requirements, possible materials, physical principles, and selection. The design or function of the part/application is the application requirements. The application requirements are specific given the application.
The possible materials are simply the only materials that can be used in the application. Possible Materials are defined by the application requirements. For an example you cannot use clothe to build a bicycle. Physical principles are methods of changing a material that are learned through material science techniques. Using material science physical principles we can change material properties. Three common physical principles we can use for functional material strengthening are densification, composites, and alloying. There many manufacturing techniques used to strengthen and form materials as well.
List any five (5) methods of correctly and safely handling building and construction material at site.
Acceptable answer
Question 18: Explain in 100 to 120 words, the importance of handling and storing materials in compliance with standards and specifications.
Eliminate accidents. If good materials handling is applied, accidents can be prevented and eliminated as this means proper and careful handling is performed.
Reduce stress and effort. Through good materials handling, stress and effort can be minimized. If you are handling materials the right away and you are eliminating all the factors that would make material handling a risky and challenging such as a non-functional equipment, ineffective workers, etc., then materials handling would be a stress-free process.
Minimize time spent on distribution, storage, etc. If you are applying good materials handling, then you are definitely making storage, manufacture, distribution, or consumption of materials and goods less time-consuming. This is because good materials handling means applying solutions that can help make this process quick and easy.
Eliminate redundant work. If there is good material handling, there is no need for you to utilize redundant workers that will only take time and cost extra expenses. When you apply good materials handling, you are also saving money since you are not jeopardizing the quality and condition of the products as well as you are no longer spending a lot to pay extra workers just to ensure that the materials or product are handled well.
Materials:
Asphaltic Concrete is inspected and tested to ascertain that all specified conditions meet the acceptable criteria specified.
Concrete
Concrete is inspected and tested to ascertain that all specified conditions meet the acceptable criteria specified. This is achieved by visual, mechanical, nondestructive, or destructive methods. Tests are performed in accordance with the American Concrete Institute (ACI), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) testing and inspection procedures.
Epoxy bolting or doweling may be in concrete, masonry, or other materials. Inspections are performed to confirm installation depth, cleanliness of hole, size and grade of dowel/bolt, and epoxy materials used. Pull testing can also be performed to confirm the bond strength
Structural masonry is inspected and tested to ascertain that all specified conditions meet the acceptance criteria. This is achieved by visual, mechanical, nondestructive, or destructive methods. Tests are performed in accordance with the American Concrete Institute (ACI), Masonry Institute of America (MIA), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the International Building Codes (IBC) testing and inspection procedures.
Structural Steel
Structural steel is inspected and tested by MTI’s qualified inspectors to ascertain that all steel connections meet the acceptable criteria specified. This is achieved by visual, mechanical, nondestructive, or destructive methods. Tests are performed in accordance AWS (Australian Welding Society), AISC (Australian Institute of Steel Construction) and ASTM (Australia Society for Testing Materials) codes and standards.
Spray-Applied Fire Resistive Material (SFRM)
MTI has ICC certified individuals to perform visual and physical tests to identify the condition of the substrates, thickness of the application, density, bond strength, adhesion/cohesion, condition of the finished application, and inspection of patching per project specifications.
Part A- Presentation related to supervision of the acceptance, safe handling and storage of materials on site containing the following details.
Part B- Roleplays for demonstrating supervisory skills
oAppropriate interaction, body language and communication skills
oThe student’s ability to establish rapport and defuse potentially difficult situations
oThe ability to understand, interpret and answer the questions appropriately.
oSuitably documenting and presenting the topics to audience.
oThe student meets the requirements of the unit of competency or performance criteria mentioned in the assessment task.
Resources required to complete the assessment task:
Assessment Task:
Part .1: (Presentation which includes 10-12 slides) This task is in continuation to previous assessment task. You are required to do a presentation related to supervision of the acceptance, safe handling and storage of materials on site containing the following details:
You must follow the building code of Australia and relevant state or territory building and construction codes, standards and regulations to complete this task.
Part 2: (2 Scenarios in which students need to perform Role Play)
This task requires the student to participate in a role-play as per the instructions provided. One student should act as a supervisor in all the scenarios and the other students should take the other roles specified.
You are supervising the acceptance of material delivered to site. You are required to instruct the other team members (up to a team of 3-5 students) about the acceptance criteria of any construction material. Your instructions should include the
a.Material verification with respect to the specification
b.Checklist
c.Information that needs to be included in the Invoice
Students are expected to ask questions and the person acting as supervisor is to answer the questions.
You are supervising the storage of material delivered to site. You are required to instruct the other team members (up to a team of 3-5 students) about the storage criteria of any construction material. Your instructions should include the
a.Material storage criteria with respect to the specification
b.Preservation requirements
c.Material handling requirements
You must follow the building code of Australia and relevant state or territory building and construction codes, standards and regulations to complete this task.
a)Appropriate and professional body language, gestures and tone
b)Effectiveness of the PowerPoint presentation, overall (Interesting, informative and interactive)
c)Displayed understanding of limitations and effects of transportation on materials and components
d)Explained appropriately the potentially damaging circumstances while transportation
e)Identified the defects caused by the incorrect installation, application or placement of minimum 3 materials and suggested appropriate corrective actions
f)Correctly identified Timber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals preservation and protection methods
g)Demonstrated the acceptance, safe handling and storage of materials on site.
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