Discuss about the Business Capstone Project for Living Networks.
The following paper is going to evaluate a newspaper article from the point of view of the theoretical underpinning of dynamics of system and theoretical issues. For accomplishing the distinct purpose, the article named Living Networks from the newspaper – The Ecologist has been considered. The fundamental objective of system thinking is to encompass an unformed body of tools, principles and methods, which are oriented to look at the interrelation between forces. The system thinking sees the forces as a part of common process (Elsawah et al. 2017). The theoretical ground of dynamic system tries to describe all those changes, which are found in both physical and artificial systems (Johnson 2013). However, prior to apply the concepts and principles of dynamics of system and theoretical issues, it is essential to mention that the considered article is about Fritjof Capra’s explanation about the new scientific evidences, which support the long-held philosophical supposition of Buddhism. The long held supposition of Buddhism asserts that human beings are interconnected as well as part of the big nature.
It has been understood that the article chiefly concentrates on the age-old philosophical fact that human beings should not be considered responsible for entwining the web of life. The article asserts that, in the era of contemporary science, there is no place for a concept, which claims that human body works as a machine and human mind is completely a separate entity (theecologist.org 2017). As per the new contemporary science, human mind and human body should not be considered individually as they are fundamentally an integral part of one living and cognitive system (Sternberg and Sternberg 2016). In this context, it is required to mention that one of the most interesting assertions made by the article is that, evolution has changed its form from being a competitive struggle to a cooperative aspect for creativity. As per the particular assertion made by Fritjof Capra in the article Living Networks, creativity has become the driving force for evolution (theecologist.org 2017). Prior to apply the theoretical principles of dynamics of system and theoretical issues, it is significant to elaborate that in terms of “living networks”, the author claims that the fundamental pattern of any organization, be it living or non-living, networks are the networks. In other words, it can be said that networks, particularly the living networks continuously go through a creational and recreational process in order to bring structural changes (theecologist.org 2017). The structural changes are the basics through which web patterns of living organization The assertion further says that the structural change is one of the key characteristics of life.
With impressive elaboration of numerous scientific underpinning, the resort of the article has synthesized process of cognition with the process of life. In the distinct way, the article has drawn the central insight of biologist – Humberto Maturana and the anthropologist – Gregory Bateson, which claims that life and cognition are essentially connected with each other as cognition is an integral part of self-perpetuation as well as self-generation (theecologist.org 2017).
After going through the key points of the article, it can be said that the author has considered the philosophical as well as scientific concept of the contemporary science that living organism is integrated with cognition and life. It means the author acknowledges the assertion that human mind has a reciprocal correlation with human body. The resorted assertion of the considered article can be evaluated through the theoretical principles of dynamics of system. In the particular forefront, it is essential to note that the fundamental concept of system says that it is a recognized “whole” whose individual elements are cumulated together as per the reason that they ceaselessly affect each other (Senge et al. 1999). Moreover, in a creational and recreational way, every part of a system is interrelated or interconnected with each other in a creational and recreational procedure and operates for a common purpose. Therefore, it is understandable that in order to be an integral part of a system, it is essential to communicate as well as continually affect works of other components of a system (Aolita et al. 2015). Considering the center assertion of the considered article – Living Networks, it can be said that the very basic theory of system can be applied upon the discourse. The system theory denotes that individual components of a system works cumulatively and affect each other to serve the system’s goal (Martinez?Moyano and Richardson 2013). The central claim of Living Networks says that human cognition or activities of human mind are amalgamated with the bodily function of living things. As per the article, sole purpose of a living system cannot be accomplished without the combine effort or collaboration between human mind and human body. Therefore, it seems that the particular concept of the contemporary science has been built on the basics of the theoretical foundation of system.
On the other hand, in this context the conceptual model of system dynamics or the method of system dynamics can be also evaluated. According to the system dynamics model, there are four building blocks, which are the basis of the system dynamics (Yamaguchi and Home 2014). The initial building block of the system dynamics is the level, which is representative of the way that accumulates all the components in a system. The second building block of system dynamics is responsible for the flow, which represent those activities, which simultaneously bring change in the magnitude of the stock (Gaffikin 2008). The third building block or the connectors are considered to have main responsibilities in a system as per the reason that they regulate flows by transmitting the information. Therefore, it means that the works of the first two building blocks are dependent upon the third. Finally, the last building block plays the role of a converter that generates and output value for individual time and further take in information as well transform for helping other variables to utilize them (Beer 2014). The theoretical model is highly related with the predominant concept of life cycle inventory system that says that life cycle is a system that includes four particular stages – manufacture, construction, use and maintenance (Braun et al. 2015). If the aforementioned theoretical view can be applied on the considered article of the The Ecologist, then it can be initially said that the correlation and interdependence between human cognition and human body functions is part of the living system. The interrelation between mind and body could not be accomplished without the living networks, which can be regarded or represented as the building blocks of the system dynamics model.
In this context, it is to elaborate further that like the first and second building blocks of a system, the mechanisms of body, change the magnitude and are simultaneously accumulated. It is interesting to note that, the responsibility of the third building block of the dynamics of system seems similar with the predominant works of the mind or the cognitive system. It is because, like the third building block of system dynamics, the human mind, consciousness or the cognitive system is responsible for connecting, transmitting or formatting the information regarding bodily functions (Hutchins 2014). Therefore, understandably for the general flow information regarding the functions of living organism, the role of mind or cognitive system is found to be essential. Thus, undoubtedly, the contemporary scientific underpinning, which asserts human mind and human body are not separated but integrated to form a complete living system, is seemingly built considering the theoretical principle of system dynamics (Dietrich and Markman 2014).
On the other hand, it should be mentioned that the chosen article of the newspaper – The Ecologist has ended by a significant emphasis on the systematic problems and its solution. The last part of the chosen article says that there are numerous systematic problems in the Universe, which cannot be fought alone (theecologist.org 2017). Therefore, it means for mitigating systematic issues, it is essential to consider the truth first that each issue in the present Universe is interrelated as well as interdependent. Henceforth, in order to remove them systematic and integrated solutions are required. The penultimate section of the article further discloses that systematic solution do not mitigate a problem individually. Systematic solution always prefers to resolute a critical situation in the background of other situation, which is related to the chief issue. Therefore, an universal issue is therefore solved simultaneously (theecologist.org 2017).
The particular segment of the article can be analyzed according to the standpoint of central theoretical issue of system dynamics. The basic issues regarding the theoretical underpinning of system dynamics are found to be two (Gaffikin 2008). The first theoretical issue is most of the time the theory is applied inappropriately and the second one is, more often people are misinformed or mislead regarding the expectation, goals or the limitation (Elsawah et al. ). Both of the theoretical issues are applicable to the point, which has been discussed in the penultimate section of the article. The last section has pointed out that Universal problems like energy, environment, huge economic inequality, war and increasing climate change are systematic problems. Each of the aforementioned critical situations takes place due to either misinterpretation of knowledge or misapplication of any aspect (Fischhendler 2015). More precisely, violence and war generally take place when people misunderstood others’ point of view or make inappropriate application of any service. Likewise, the problem of climate change is a consequence of misapplication of various resources. On the other hand, the problem of increasing economic inequality is also a Universal issue escalated by the misapplication or inappropriate use of earthly resources (Fischhendler 2015). Henceforth, it is quite clear that there is a link between the fundamental definitions of systematic issues with the theoretical issue of system dynamics.
Fundamentally, issue arises in a theoretical concept either when the methodologies are not applied properly or when the theoretical concept do not accomplish its thesis statement (Gaffikin 2008). The same is applicable on the article’s point of view. Not only the issues discussed or pointed out in the article but the concept regarding theoretical issues and specifically the theoretical issues of system dynamics are appropriately applicable for any kind of Universal issue. The two basic predicaments – misapplication or misuse and misinterpretation should be considered responsible for escalating any issue (Elsawah et al. 2017). The author’s visualization of systematic problems or systematic errors in the Universe has been done considering the theoretical issues of system dynamics. Therefore, as the fundamental aspect of the article that has been recognized to be formed based on the conceptualization of system dynamics, the theoretical issues of system dynamics can be applied on the later part of the article too. Therefore, two of the assertions made in the considered article are found to have a convenient ground for applying the basic underpinning of system dynamics as well as theoretical issues of it.
From the above-elaborated discourse, several facts can be summarized. Initially it has been understood that in the considered article – Living Networks from the newspaper – The Ecologist, the author have asserted that human cognition and human body functions should not be acknowledged individually as per the reason that human mind and human body functions work along and are interrelated and interdependent. Based on the article human cognition and human body function affect each other’s work in order to accomplish same purpose. The particular assertion has been supported as well evaluated by the point of view of system dynamics. The theoretical principles of the building blocks of the system dynamic model are found similar with the activities pursued by the cognitive system and body system of a living organism. On the other hand, the later part of the article has discussed about systematic issues related to the Universe, which has been evaluated with the application of the theoretical concepts of system dynamic issues. From the above evaluation, it has been understood that behind any systematic problem, there are two fundamental and theoretical issues, which are misapplication or inappropriate application of resources and misinterpretation of knowledge or information.
References
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Beer, R.D., 2014. Dynamical systems and embedded cognition. The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence, (812), pp.856-873.
Braun, U., Schäfer, A., Walter, H., Erk, S., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Haddad, L., Schweiger, J.I., Grimm, O., Heinz, A., Tost, H. and Meyer-Lindenberg, A., 2015. Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(37), pp.11678-11683.
Dietrich, E. and Markman, A.B., 2014. Cognitive dynamics: Conceptual and representational change in humans and machines. Psychology Press.
Elsawah, S., Pierce, S.A., Hamilton, S.H., van Delden, H., Haase, D., Elmahdi, A. and Jakeman, A.J., 2017. An overview of the system dynamics process for integrated modelling of socio-ecological systems: Lessons on good modelling practice from five case studies. Environmental Modelling & Software, 93, pp.127-145.
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Gaffikin, M.J., 2008. Accounting theory: Research, regulation and accounting practice.
Hutchins, E., 2014. The cultural ecosystem of human cognition. Philosophical Psychology, 27(1), pp.34-49.
Johnson, M., 2013. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. University of Chicago Press.
Lu, Q., Sun, Y. and Mei, S., 2013. Nonlinear control systems and power system dynamics (Vol. 10). Springer Science & Business Media.
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Senge, P., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., Smith, B. and Guman, E.C., 1999. The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in learning organizations.
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The Ecologist. 2017. Living Networks. [online] Available at: https://www.theecologist.org/magazine/features/2988560/living_networks.html [Accessed 8 Apr. 2017].
Yamaguchi, K. and Home, M., 2014. Money and Macroeconomic Dynamics. Awaji Island, Japan: Japan Future Research Center.
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