In the present assignment we analysed the data on Social Progress Index. The data for all 182 countries segregates by continent and countries was taken. For the ease of analysis data for 100 countries was only taken. However it was found that some of the data was missing. Thus all missing data was removed. Subsequent to removal of missing data the data of 70 countries was studied. The categories studied were Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Shelter, Access to Basic Knowledge, Health and Wellness, Personal Rights and Tolerance and Inclusion. Each of the categories had many variables. Only one variable from the categories was selected for the study. Primarily we studied the distribution of the variables. The interval estimate of Child mortality rate and Tolerance for immigrants was studied. Testing of means was done to analyse for differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European and African Countries. We also analysed for mean differences in Freedom Expression of Asian and American Countries. The mean difference between American and European countries for Life expectancy at 60 was also studied. Attempt is also made to test the relation of Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable death. We also fin the relation of Adult Literacy Rate and Freedom of expression
The selected data contains equal number of countries from Africa and Asia (table 1). The least number of countries is from Oceania (Figure 3).
From the attribute on Nutrition and basic medical care we studied the property of Child mortality rate. The average Child Mortality rate of the countries is 37.88 (table 2). The Child Mortality rates for 50% of the countries is below 21.90. The minimum and maximum Child Mortality Rate are 2.70 and 156.90 respectively. The Child Mortality Rates for 25% of the countries lies below 10.48. The Child Mortality Rates for 75% of the countries below 63.18. The variation in Child Mortality Rates is 93%.
For most of the countries the maximum Child Mortality rates is 20 (figure 3).
From the attribute on Shelter we studied the property of Household air pollution attributable deaths. The average of deaths due to Household air pollution for the countries is 70.16 (table 2). The deaths due to Household air pollution for 50% of the countries are below 34.64. The minimum and maximum number of deaths occurring due to Household air pollution in the countries is 0 and 251.92 respectively. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 25% of the countries lie below 4.43. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 75% of the countries below 138.04. There is a variation of 105% in the number of deaths due to Household air pollution.
For most of the countries the maximum deaths is below 40 (figure 4).
From the attribute on Access to basic knowledge we studied the property of Adult Literacy Rate. The average Adult Literacy Rates of the countries is 82.36 (table2). The Adult Literacy Rates for the countries lies between 19.10 and 100. 50% of the countries have an adult literacy rate below 91.64. For 25% of the countries the adult literacy rate is below 72.62. For 75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 97.97. There is a variation of 25% in Adult Literacy Rates.
From the attribute on Health on Wellness we studied the property of Life expectancy at 60. The average Life expectancy at 60 for the countries is 19.22 (table2). The Life expectancy at 60 for the countries lies between 15.39 and 25.48. The Life expectancy at 60 for 50% of the countries is below 18.93. For 25% of the countries the Life expectancy at 60 is below 17.08. For 75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 21.29. There is a variation of 14% in Life expectancy at 60.
From the attribute on Personal Rights we studied the property of Freedom of Expression. The average Freedom of Expression for the countries is 9.60 (table2). The Freedom of Expression for the countries lies between 0.00 and 16.00. The Freedom of Expression for 50% of the countries is below 10.00. For 25% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is below 6.00. For 75% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is above 14.00. There is a variation of 46% in Freedom of Expression.
From the attribute on Tolerance and Inclusion we studied the property of Tolerance for immigrants. The average of tolerance for immigrants for the countries is 0.56 (table2). The tolerance for immigrants of the countries lies between 0.23 and 0.91. The tolerance for immigrants for 50% of the countries is below 0.56. For 25% of the countries the tolerance for immigrants is below 0.45. For 75% of the countries the tolerance for immigrants is above 0.68. There is a variation of 27% in tolerance for immigrants.
We are 95% confident that the average child mortality rates lies between 29.62 and 46.14. The average child mortality rate for the 70 countries is 37.88. The 95% confidence interval means that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of the child mortality rate would lie between 29.62 and 46.14 (table 3).
We are 95% confident that the average tolerance for immigrants lies between 0.50 and 0.61. The average tolerance for immigrants for the 70 countries is 0.56. The 95% confidence interval would mean that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of the tolerance for immigrants would lie between 0.50 and 0.61 (table 4).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean Adult Literacy Rates for European Countries is higher than African Countries. The test showed that there was significant differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European Countries is higher than African Countries, t(32) = 5.226, p = 0.000 (table 5). The test results showed that the average Adult Literacy Rates of European countries (97.55) is higher than African Countries (65.80).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean Freedom of Expression for Asian Countries and American Countries is different. The test showed that there was significant differences in Freedom of Expression of Asian and American Countries, t(33) = -6.080, p = 0.000 (table 6). The test results showed that the average Freedom of Expression in America (13.14) is higher than in Asia (6.24).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that mean Life Expectancy at 60 for American Countries and European Countries is different. The test showed that there was no significant differences in Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European Countries, t(25) = 0.246, p = 0.808 (table 7). The test results showed that the average Life Expectancy at 60 in America (21.22) is similar to that of European Countries (20.99).
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0.7661 (table 8). Thus the correlation between the variables is strong, positive and linear.
The coefficient of determination is 0.5870. Thus we can predict 58.7% of the variability in Life expectancy at 60 through household air pollution and attributable deaths.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Life expectancy at 60 through household air pollution and attributable deaths –
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
The coefficient of the response variable = -0.028.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.003.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.000.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is linear relationship between the Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths.
The average Freedom of Expression can be predicted through Adult Literacy Rate through the equation:
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0. 0914. Thus the correlation between the variables is very weak, positive and linear (table 9).
The coefficient of determination is 0.0083. Thus we can predict 0.83% of the variability in Freedom of Expression through Adult Literacy Rate.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Freedom of Expression through Adult Literacy Rate –
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
The coefficient of the response variable = 0.019.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.026.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.452.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not reject the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is no linear relationship between Freedom of Expression and Adult Literacy Rate.
Conclusion and Limitations
In the present analysis we selected countries from all five continents. The analysis of the data shows that there decline in child mortality rate, Life expectancy at 60 and deaths attributed to household air pollution. There is an increase in Adult Literacy Rates, Freedom of Expression and Tolerance for immigrants. The study found that there is a significant difference in the average Adult Literacy Rate for European and African Countries and average Freedom of Expression for Asian and American Countries. On the other hand there is no significant difference in average Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European Countries. We can predict to some extent Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths for the countries.
The analysis done related to the data here of 70 countries. In order to make conclusive report repeated further analysis of the data of all countries would be required. Moreover the data belongs to 2017 only. Long term studies need to be done to conclusively tell that the justify the results of the analysis.
In the present assignment we analysed the data on Social Progress Index. The data for all 182 countries segregates by continent and countries was taken. For the ease of analysis data for 100 countries was only taken. However it was found that some of the data was missing. Thus all missing data was removed. Subsequent to removal of missing data the data of 70 countries was studied. The categories studied were Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Shelter, Access to Basic Knowledge, Health and Wellness, Personal Rights and Tolerance and Inclusion. Each of the categories had many variables. Only one variable from the categories was selected for the study. Primarily we studied the distribution of the variables. The interval estimate of Child mortality rate and Tolerance for immigrants was studied. Testing of means was done to analyse for differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European and African Countries. We also analysed for mean differences in Freedom Expression of Asian and American Countries. The mean difference between American and European countries for Life expectancy at 60 was also studied. Attempt is also made to test the relation of Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable death. We also fin the relation of Adult Literacy Rate and Freedom of expression
The selected data contains equal number of countries from Africa and Asia (table 1). The least number of countries is from Oceania (Figure 3).
From the attribute on Nutrition and basic medical care we studied the property of Child mortality rate. The average Child Mortality rate of the countries is 37.88 (table 2). The Child Mortality rates for 50% of the countries is below 21.90. The minimum and maximum Child Mortality Rate are 2.70 and 156.90 respectively. The Child Mortality Rates for 25% of the countries lies below 10.48. The Child Mortality Rates for 75% of the countries below 63.18. The variation in Child Mortality Rates is 93%.
For most of the countries the maximum Child Mortality rates is 20 (figure 3).
From the attribute on Shelter we studied the property of Household air pollution attributable deaths. The average of deaths due to Household air pollution for the countries is 70.16 (table 2). The deaths due to Household air pollution for 50% of the countries are below 34.64. The minimum and maximum number of deaths occurring due to Household air pollution in the countries is 0 and 251.92 respectively. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 25% of the countries lie below 4.43. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 75% of the countries below 138.04. There is a variation of 105% in the number of deaths due to Household air pollution.
For most of the countries the maximum deaths is below 40 (figure 4).
From the attribute on Access to basic knowledge we studied the property of Adult Literacy Rate. The average Adult Literacy Rates of the countries is 82.36 (table2). The Adult Literacy Rates for the countries lies between 19.10 and 100. 50% of the countries have an adult literacy rate below 91.64. For 25% of the countries the adult literacy rate is below 72.62. For 75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 97.97. There is a variation of 25% in Adult Literacy Rates.
From the attribute on Health on Wellness we studied the property of Life expectancy at 60. The average Life expectancy at 60 for the countries is 19.22 (table2). The Life expectancy at 60 for the countries lies between 15.39 and 25.48. The Life expectancy at 60 for 50% of the countries is below 18.93. For 25% of the countries the Life expectancy at 60 is below 17.08. For 75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 21.29. There is a variation of 14% in Life expectancy at 60.
From the attribute on Personal Rights we studied the property of Freedom of Expression. The average Freedom of Expression for the countries is 9.60 (table2). The Freedom of Expression for the countries lies between 0.00 and 16.00. The Freedom of Expression for 50% of the countries is below 10.00. For 25% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is below 6.00. For 75% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is above 14.00. There is a variation of 46% in Freedom of Expression.
From the attribute on Tolerance and Inclusion we studied the property of Tolerance for immigrants. The average of tolerance for immigrants for the countries is 0.56 (table2). The tolerance for immigrants of the countries lies between 0.23 and 0.91. The tolerance for immigrants for 50% of the countries is below 0.56. For 25% of the countries the tolerance for immigrants is below 0.45. For 75% of the countries the tolerance for immigrants is above 0.68. There is a variation of 27% in tolerance for immigrants.
We are 95% confident that the average child mortality rates lies between 29.62 and 46.14. The average child mortality rate for the 70 countries is 37.88. The 95% confidence interval means that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of the child mortality rate would lie between 29.62 and 46.14 (table 3).
We are 95% confident that the average tolerance for immigrants lies between 0.50 and 0.61. The average tolerance for immigrants for the 70 countries is 0.56. The 95% confidence interval would mean that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of the tolerance for immigrants would lie between 0.50 and 0.61 (table 4).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean Adult Literacy Rates for European Countries is higher than African Countries. The test showed that there was significant differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European Countries is higher than African Countries, t(32) = 5.226, p = 0.000 (table 5). The test results showed that the average Adult Literacy Rates of European countries (97.55) is higher than African Countries (65.80).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean Freedom of Expression for Asian Countries and American Countries is different. The test showed that there was significant differences in Freedom of Expression of Asian and American Countries, t(33) = -6.080, p = 0.000 (table 6). The test results showed that the average Freedom of Expression in America (13.14) is higher than in Asia (6.24).
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that mean Life Expectancy at 60 for American Countries and European Countries is different. The test showed that there was no significant differences in Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European Countries, t(25) = 0.246, p = 0.808 (table 7). The test results showed that the average Life Expectancy at 60 in America (21.22) is similar to that of European Countries (20.99).
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0.7661 (table 8). Thus the correlation between the variables is strong, positive and linear.
The coefficient of determination is 0.5870. Thus we can predict 58.7% of the variability in Life expectancy at 60 through household air pollution and attributable deaths.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Life expectancy at 60 through household air pollution and attributable deaths –
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
The coefficient of the response variable = -0.028.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.003.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.000.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is linear relationship between the Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths.
The average Freedom of Expression can be predicted through Adult Literacy Rate through the equation:
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0. 0914. Thus the correlation between the variables is very weak, positive and linear (table 9).
The coefficient of determination is 0.0083. Thus we can predict 0.83% of the variability in Freedom of Expression through Adult Literacy Rate.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Freedom of Expression through Adult Literacy Rate –
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
The coefficient of the response variable = 0.019.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.026.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.452.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not reject the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is no linear relationship between Freedom of Expression and Adult Literacy Rate.
Conclusion and Limitations
In the present analysis we selected countries from all five continents. The analysis of the data shows that there decline in child mortality rate, Life expectancy at 60 and deaths attributed to household air pollution. There is an increase in Adult Literacy Rates, Freedom of Expression and Tolerance for immigrants. The study found that there is a significant difference in the average Adult Literacy Rate for European and African Countries and average Freedom of Expression for Asian and American Countries. On the other hand there is no significant difference in average Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European Countries. We can predict to some extent Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths for the countries.
The analysis done related to the data here of 70 countries. In order to make conclusive report repeated further analysis of the data of all countries would be required. Moreover the data belongs to 2017 only. Long term studies need to be done to conclusively tell that the justify the results of the analysis.
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