1. Initech Company intends to evaluate two capital budgeting proposals (device part project and conveyor system). The cost of capital of the company is 14% which would be used for discounting the cash flows so as to arrive at the present value.
Device part project – Production of new generation mobile device parts in the existing production (expansion of production unit)
The necessary information regarding the project is outlined below:
Total economic life of project is 5 years and the initial cost which covers installation as well amounts to $800,000. Various fixed cost of the project is $1,500,000. The amount would increase annually with a rate of 2% p.a. The salvage value of the new plant and equipment is $200,000 that would be received from the liquidation of the plant and equipment. The variable cost would be fifty percent of the derived revenue.
Fee has been paid to the consultant before the execution of the project. The amount is $75,000. This amount would be sunk cost for the project and hence, would not considered in the capital budgeting analysis that follows (Titman et. al., 2016).
These plant and equipment would be sold after the completion of the device part project and would generate revenue of $200,000. In the very first year of the project (means at t = 1) the total revenue generated is $4,000,000. The investment amount in the new operating working capital would be 10% of the next year’s revenue. The amount of additional profit after the tax liability is $150,000 per annum.
This plant and equipment would be depreciated at a rate of 10% per annum. The total accumulated depreciation would be calculated as. The book value of the new plant and equipment after the five year of the project would be determined as
The plant and equipment is sold at a lower price than the book value. Hence, the loss would be computed as = (Ross, Trayler and Bird, 2007).
The sum of income received from the liquidation of the new plant and equipment and the tax benefits received for the loss incurred from the sale. The value is determined as= (Damodaran, 2010).
The cash inflows and outflows are in the lump sum payments only and incurred at the end of the year. Further, the Initech would liquidate the acquired new plant and equipment once the project life is over
The net present value NPV has been determined in the excel spreadsheet and the final table of the result is shown below:
As the value of net present value (NPV) is positive that indicates that the project is beneficial to the company because it would produce positive cash flows. Therefore, it is recommended that company should adopt the proposal to produce new generation mobile device parts (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2012).
Conveyor System – Company has three different conveyor system options (A, B and C) to replace the current one. Selection of suitable conveyor system for the Initech Company.
The necessary information regarding the project is outlined below:
System A and B is having an economic life of 10 years while the system C is having an economic life of 20 years.
Cost related to the system A is $40,000 and $55,000 for system B. This cost is $130,000 for system C.
System A would result a net cash flow of -$13,000 and the amount is -$9,000 for system B. The annual cash flow for system C is $-1,400.
From the information it is apparent that the economic life is different and hence, NPV concept would not use for the selection of appropriate conveyor system. Therefore, equivalent annual annuity would be taken into account. The system which has maximum equivalent annual annuity would be considered the most suitable conveyor system for the company (Titman et. al., 2016).
The appropriate choice to replace the current dysfunctional conveyer system would be conveyer A as out of all the above options that have been evaluated, it is system A which leads to minimal financial costs for the company (Damodaran, 2010).
2. a) The company is involved in the furniture business and thereby a typical project could be setting up a new store for furniture. The various aspects related to the project are as follows.
Life of the project = 8 to 10 years although termination may be required earlier
Typical investment – $ 5 – $ 7 million (including working capital)
The store would be leased with a down-payment coupled with monthly lease rentals.
Nature of Cash Flows – Before opening, the cash flows would be heavily negative considering the capital costs involved in making the place furnished. Further, after opening in the initial months, positive cash flows would not occur due to high operating expenses and hence 4-6 month working capital would be included in the outlay of the project. After some months, the operational cash flow may turn to be positive.
Factors on which NPV depends: Location as it impacts generation of Revenue, Cost of Capital, Timing of Cash Flows, Expenses Control, Economic Scenario
Highly Critical factors would include location, cost of capital and economic scenario.
b) The company selected is NCK or Nick Scali Limited and the relevant competitor has been Fantastic Holdings Limited or FAN. The relevant data regarding cash conversion cycle is captured as shown below.
It is apparent from the above data, that NCK tends to underperform when it comes of working capital management. The area of concern for NCK is the large inventory turnover period which is hurting the company but as apparent from the decrease in inventory turnover period in FY2016, the company is improving in this regard. This is the major difference for the two companies and NCK has immense scope of improvement. However, the encouraging trend for NCK is that it has managed to decrease the overall cash conversion cycle by a higher number of days in comparison to competition. A lower cash conversion cycle is preferable since it implies lower need of working capital on the part of the company (Damodaran, 2007).
3. a) The given statement is indicative of Telstra availing short term financing in the form of commercial paper which implicitly hints on the low credit risk associated with the company. This may be deciphered as unsecured short term is the main characteristic of a commercial paper and investors would extent unsecured debt only to an entity with high creditworthiness as there is no security in case of any default (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2012).
b) For any entity, essentially three options in relation of financing exist. One is the conservative financing policy which revolves around long term financing which works well for long term capital requirements but for short term capital, longer maturity capital would result in cost implications as the interest rate charged would be higher. Similarly, aggressive financing would rely on short term financing means which are suitable for fulfilling working capital requirements but are not suited where long term capital would be required. Thus, it makes sense to ensure maturity matching which allows that long term financing needs are met through long term finances sources and short term needs are met with short term finances sources (Titman et. al., 2016).
Telstra follows a maturity matching policy which becomes apparent from the quote where it is clearly stated that commercial paper is used only for working capital funding which implies that for long term financial needs, probably term loans, bonds or equity would be used as appropriate financing means because of their longer tenure.
References
Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C. and Allen, F. (2012) Principles of corporate finance. 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.,US.
Damodaran, A. (2010) Applied corporate finance: A user’s manual. 3rd edn. New York: Wiley, John & Sons.
Ross, S.A., Trayler, R. and Bird, R. (2007) Essentials of corporate finance. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill Australia.
Titman, S, Martin, T, Keown, AJ & Martin, JD (2016), Financial management: principles and applications, 7th edn, Victoria: Pearson Australia
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