In the equation y = -2/x, if x is doubled, what happens to y?
Reduced by half
In the equation y = k/x, if x is doubled, what happens to y?
Decreases by half (1/2)
In the equation y = -4x, if x is doubled, what happens to y?
Doubles
The density of a 100 g piece of iron is twice as great as the density of a 50 g piece of iron.
False
False
An event with two situations with all the influencing factors identical except one is a(an)
controlled experiment.
The mass of 1000 cm3 of water is a kilogram.
True
In the text, the equation V = tk is used to describe the relationship between the volume of a gas tank and the time required to fill it. The symbol “k”
is the proportionality constant.
When something cannot be directly observed, it can be represented by a
model.
A statement describing a relationship that is observed in nature to occur consistently time after time is a(an)
scientific law.
One of the basic differences between science and a pseudoscience is the lack of
valid and reliable experimental studies.
A 100 g piece of iron has twice the volume as a 50 g piece of iron.
True
The property of mass is a measure of how heavy an object is.
False
A cube that measures 2 cm on each side has a surface area to volume ratio of
3
7 g/cm3) and a 10 g chunk of iron (r = 7.9 g/cm3). Which of the following is true?
The chunk of iron is smaller than the chunk of aluminum.
A controlled experiment has all variables held constant.
False
A tentative scientific explanation which may or may not be rejected upon further experimentation is called a
hypothesis.
A referent is a familiar object one can use to describe the property of an object.
True
In the equation y = kx, if x is doubled, what happens to y?
Doubles
In the equation y=3x, what is the value of the constant coefficient ‘k?’
0,3,unknown
In the equation represents
average speed.
A cannon ball and a bowling ball were dropped at the same time from the top of a building. At the instant before the balls hit the sidewalk, the cannon ball has greater
momentum.
You should “follow through” when hitting a ball because
of the relationship Δp = Ft.
The mass of a 100 N sack of seed is closest to
10 kg.
Imagine an experiment in which a 8 lb bowling ball and a 10 lb bowling ball are dropped from the fifth floor at the same time. The heavier ball will reach the ground first.
False
A car traveling at 20 mph on a curved exit ramp has a constant velocity.
False
If you double the mass of an object while an unbalanced force remains constant,
The acceleration of the object is halved.
When you roll a ball across the floor, it comes to a stop because you are no longer exerting a force on it.
False
An object accelerates when it slows or its direction of movement changes.
True
From the equation w = mg, it is apparent that weight is a(an)
force.
The force of gravity near the surface of Earth is 9.8 m/s2.
False
A 250 g ball travels at a velocity of 40 m/s. Its momentum is
10 kg·m/s.
Suppose that a rock is swinging in a circle when some string is let out so that the length doubled as the same speed is maintained. The force now exerted on the string is
half as great.
A block of iron is transported to the Moon. Which of the following is true?
its mass remains the same, but its weight decreases.
The pound is an English unit of measure; its SI counterpart is the
newton.
The reason a moving object slows down is that its force of motion gradually runs out.
False
The tendency of a moving object to remain in unchanging motion in the absence of an unbalanced force is called
inertia.
A heavy object and a light object are dropped from rest at the same time in a vacuum. The heavier object will reach the ground
at the same time as the lighter object.
The attractive force a 70 kg person exerts on Earth is much, much smaller than the force Earth exerts on the person.
False
Gravity is an attractive force between
all objects everywhere.
Which form of energy does not require matter for traveling through space?
Radiant
The increase in potential energy caused by lifting an object can be calculated by multiplying its weight by its change in height.
True
You do more work on yourself when you run up the stairs than when you walk slowly.
False
Kinetic energy refers to
energy of motion.
Work is the rate at which you expend energy.
False
An object that falls twice as far will be moving twice as fast when it hits the ground.
False
The watt (W) is a unit of
power
The energy an object has because of its position is called potential energy.
True
While exploring an ancient Mayan tomb, you discover that the walls are closing in on you. By exerting 400 N of force, you are able to keep the wall from coming closer. The work you are doing on the wall is
ZERO – because the walls are not moving
Two students stand poised to leap off a high dive structure into the swimming pool below. Student B is twice as massive as student A. Which of the following is true?
Student B did twice as much work climbing to the top of the structure.
A car traveling 20 mph can stop in about 40 ft. If the same car were traveling twice as fast, its stopping distance would be roughly
160 ft.
20 mph squared = 40 ft
Therefore, 40 mph squared = 160 ft
Which one of the following does not have the same units as the others?
momentum
As we deplete our coal reserves, we can replace this lost source of energy by increasing our output of hydroelectric power.
False
The percentage of energy produced by power-generating dams is
decreasing, as more energy is used but new dams are not being built.
Nearly all of the energy consumed today is provided by petroleum, coal, hydropower and nuclear sources.
True
Which one of the following has an appropriate unit?
All of the above.
When a light bulb is rated at 60 W, it means that
each second, the bulb converts 60 J of electrical energy to heat and light.
As shown on the video of renewable energy, what is the name of the pipe that the water flows down that finally reaches the turbine water wheel?
Penstock
What did Professor Levin use in his classroom to demonstrate the conservation of energy?
A wrecker ball
The degrees on the Celsius scale are larger than degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.
True
Which thermodynamic law says that you cannot convert 100 percent of a heat source into mechanical energy?
second law of thermodynamics
A liquid at 20ºC is twice as hot as the liquid at 10ºC.
False
The attractive forces between unlike molecules is called
adhesion.
Molecules in a solid
are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces.
Your body judges temperature
very poorly, sensing only heat flow.
The molecules of a gas are much farther apart than molecules in a solid or liquid.
True
A passive solar home with direct solar gain requires
All of the above.
In the equation: Q = mc∆t, the c stands for the
specific heat.
The nutritionist’s Calorie is really a kilocalorie.
True
When water vapor condenses to a liquid
it transfers heat to the surroundings.
Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat stored in a substance.
False
The transfer of heat that occurs when energy moves from molecules to molecule is called
conduction.
Adding heat to a substance
sometimes does not result in a temperature change.
What is the average temperature of healthy humans on the Celsius scale?
37º
Iron heats up more rapidly than does aluminum because it has a greater specific heat.
False
Which of the following involves the greatest amount of heat when warming 100 grams of ice?
evaporating the water
Which one of the following statements regarding entropy is TRUE?
Entropy always increases in a closed system.
Brian Cox, in his video about entropy, used what to show a very low entropy state?
A sand castle
According to the video on the Tacoma bridge collapse, what caused the collapse?
Wind
A sound that is perceived as twice as loud requires
ten times the intensity.
Condensation in a longitudinal wave corresponds to what part of a transverse wave?
crest
A noise level of 65 decibels is measured for
normal conversation.
According to the video on sound, what can the reflection of sound waves be used for?
Measure depths in the ocean
Sound travels faster through cold, denser air than through warm, less dense air.
False
Piano tuners listen to the beat frequency between their tuning fork and the wire they are tuning.
True
If v = λf, then how are λ and f related?
λ is inversely proportional to f
The characteristic of a sound wave that you interpret as loudness is related to
amplitude.
In longitudinal waves, the medium
vibrates in the same direction the wave is moving.
The bending of a wave at the boundary between two media is called
refraction
When you are moving toward a stationary source of a sound, its frequency will appear lower than it actually is.
False
Resonance occurs at a(an)
natural frequency.
A car that is approaching you with its horn blaring would
increase frequency thereby increasing pitch
Longitudinal waves with a frequency above 20,000 Hz are
ultrasonic.
The lowest frequency possible in a vibrating string undergoing resonance is
All of the above.
The restoring force of a spring is proportional to the displacement of the object at the end.
True
Sound travels fastest through a _______.
solid
According to the video on the Doppler Effect, what happens to a star that is moving towards Earth?
The star’s color changes
What part of an electric motor creates a magnetic field that opposes the stationary magnetic field thus creating the turning motion?
The armature
The unit of electric potential difference between two points is
a volt.
An electric field
Is always present around an electron
The rate of flow of electric charge is measured in
amperes
The electrical force is much weaker than the force of gravity.
False
Electric field lines are drawn
To show the direction of the field.
The reading on your electric bill shows the amount of power you have used in a month.
False
An electric current is a(an)
movement of electrons at near the speed of light.
The Earth’s magnetic north pole is actually in the southern hemisphere of Earth and is constantly moving.
True
Charge moving through a wire produces a magnetic field around the wire.
True
Electric power is measured in units of
watts
Electrons move from the power plant to homes in an alternating current.
False
The volt is a measure of the difference in electrical potential energy between two points.
True
An electric current is measured in units of
amp.
A neutral atom that gains one or more electrons is called a(an)
negative ion.
If you multiply amp × ohm, the answers will be in units of
potential
Which of the following units measures the rate at which charges move through a wire?
volt
Consider an electrical transformer has 10 loops on its primary coil and 20 loops on its secondary coil.
2.5 A
Thomas Edison argued that our electrical system should use direct current because he felt that alternating current was dangerous.
TRUE
What is it that travels through an electric circuit at near the speed of light?
An electric field
How fast do electromagnetic waves move through space?
At the speed of light
A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum because
each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction.
A incandescent light source emits light as a result of high temperature.
False
Polarizing sunglasses are useful because they are able to
absorb reflected light, which is polarized.
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?
Gamma rays
Interference is a property of light most easily explained by the particle model.
False
You are able to see under a table even though it’s not getting direct light because light has undergone
diffuse reflection.
The photoelectric effect could not be adequately explained with a wave model of light because
the energy of the ejected electrons did not depend upon the intensity.
Farsightedness, or hyperopia, can be corrected with what type lens?
convex
Glare is light that tends to be polarized predominantly in the horizontal plane.
True
When an electric stove element is hot enough, it gives off a dull red glow. When it cools to the point that it no longer glows, it will
emit longer wavelength radiation.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction.
False
If 1 is the incident ray, what is the angle of reflection?
B
From the video on electromagnetic waves, what did the Spitzer space telescope observe in a galaxy 13.2 billion light years away?
Water and organic molecules
From the video on GPS, how many satellites are needed in order to locate your exact position?
4
We explain light today
as having both wave and particle behavior.
Max Planck discovered that the blackbody radiation emitted by vibrating molecules
appeared to come in multiples of certain fixed amounts.
Total internal reflection
All of these are true.
According to Einstein, what affects time?
Gravity and motion
Ignoring air resistance, the velocity of a falling object
is constantly increasing.
If an unbalanced force applied to an object doubles, then
its acceleration doubles.
Molecules are the smallest units of matter with the characteristic properties of a substance.
True
The sum of all the energy of the molecules of an object is called the temperature of that object.
False
A statement that the energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy represents the
first law of thermodynamics.
When the evaporation rate equals the condensation rate, the space above the liquid is
saturated
Water molecules move back and forth between the liquid and gaseous phases
at all times.
What theory or theories from Albert Einstein was needed to make the GPS system accurate?
Both the special and general theory of relativity
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves
Nearsightedness, or myopia, can be corrected with what type lens?
concave
Polarized light vibrates
only in one plane.
According to the video on renewable energy, what is unique about the conditions 2 meters below ground that geothermal plants exploit?
It stays a consistent temperature all year round.
According to the video shown in your powerpoint presentation, a young boy developed a renewable energy source for his home in Africa. Which of the following did this energy power inside the house? (Mark ALL that apply)
Lights
A radio
A video was shown in your powerpoint presentation about a young boy from Africa that made what kind of renewable energy for his home?
Wind energy
Claims that appear to be pseudoscience should be
tested experimentally.
The symbol has the meaning of “is proportional to”.
True
You are able to hear sounds from farther away on a cool night because sound waves are refracted toward
cooler air near the ground.
What is the range of normal human hearing?
20 to 20,000 Hz
In resonance the amplitude of a vibrating source becomes larger.
False
Transverse mechanical waves can pass through
solids
The time that is required for a vibrating object to complete one full cycle is called
period
Reflected sound waves that are heard within 0.1 s
undergo a gain in volume.
An object becomes positively charged by gaining protons.
False
A magnetic field
is produced by an excess of stationary electric charges.
is produced by a deficiency of stationary electric charges.
is produced by moving charges.
If you double the distance between two charged objects, you reduce the electrical force by a factor of four.
True
The resistance of a wire depends on
All of the above.
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