Project management basically, is a separate discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team in for the purpose of achieving specific goals and meeting specific success criteria (What is Project Management?, 2017). Further, project management faces numerous challenges but the primary challenge of this discipline is to achieve all of the project goals in a given constraints. Moreover, project management plays essential role in the working of every company and it is all about the effective management of change and this could benefit the organization in several ways as it may provide a systematic approach for managing and controlling various types of projects and certain types of change (Burke, 2013). Along with that, project management work using several methodologies like PRINCE2, Agile and many more. This project report mainly emphasize upon the project management methodologies used by various companies in order to accomplish their projects in a successful manner. Moreover, these methodologies will be applied in three organizations which provide altogether different services to the customers and how it benefits the organization in carrying out their projects (Larson and Gray, 2013).
i. Implementing a project management methodology is considered a management level activity
As it is known that, project management methodology is used for managing projects in a most effective manner. For that aspect, particular methodology is implemented in a firm as per their nature of work. Organization A provides financial services as per the information and it carried out its services in Australia and New Zealand. It has appointed 80 employees who are providing financial services to the customers living in Australia as well as in New Zealand. For financial firm like Organization A, company will implement Waterfall methodology in its project management department (Meredith and Mantel, 2011). Waterfall model is basically a sequential design process which is used in software development processes. In this, progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards like waterfall, which passes through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production and maintenance.
This methodology get implemented by the manager of project department by proper planning, direction and by providing control measures that is why implementation is considered as the management level activity (Schwalbe, 2015). Moreover, the project manager of financial company, development team including IT heads, networking team and engineers will be involved for the effective implementation of waterfall methodology.
ii. Implementing chosen project management methodology in its entirety. Supporting the decision with an implementation plan
The chosen project management methodology is Waterfall model and it has various attributes because of which it has been chosen for the Organization A. This will help the firm in managing the projects of the company in an effective manner. Therefore, for that aspect, this model is required to be implemented in the company (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). This can be implemented by physical construction of the software as set out in the design stage and this is generally done by development team which consists of programmers, interface designers and other specialists. There are four ways through which it can be implemented and that are direct installation, parallel installation, single-location installation and phase installation. Therefore, any of the method can be used by the firm for installing it.
Moreover, a proper plan could be made for implementing this process. Firstly, manger has to do proper planning for implementing this model. Secondly, deep analysis will be done for the proper implementation of the methodology (Wysocki, 2011). After that, various installation methods will be assessed and then one method will be chosen for implementation. After that implementation will be done and lastly follow up and controlling.
iii. Encountering the issue when implementing the chosen project management methodology
It is not necessary that implementation of the methodology can be done without implementing any issues. However, there are 100% chances that issues will be arising during the implementation of this model. Furthermore, certain issues are as follows:
iv. Addressing the difficulties faced in attempting to implement the methodology
It is important to address the issues which are faced during the implementation of waterfall methodology so that its effective implementation can be done. Furthermore, the communication issue can be avoided by incorporating free-flow communication process. This will reduce the risk of miscommunication (Leach, 2014). Moreover, it is very important to provide accurate training to the managers and other team members before implementation and lastly, adequate amount of time should be allocated for testing in order to get the proper methodology for carrying out future projects.
v. Attributing benefits by using the chosen project management methodology
There are various benefits associated with this methodology and those are described below:
i. Implementing a project management methodology is considered a management level activity
As per the given information, Organization B is a Building Society company which provides the services of housing facility by constructing buildings. 600 employees are employed in this firm and this firm is located in Australia. Moreover, the customer base of this company is in Australia and works under the existing standard or framework and those are Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. Moreover, this firm makes the project of buildings and for that purpose it requires project management technique (Gido, Clements and Clements, 2014). Therefore, to implement a particular project, the company is requires to adopt PRINCE2 methodology which will help in implementing the project in an efficient manner.
PRINCE2 is an acronym for PRoject IN Controlled Environment and this is a structured project management method. This methodology focuses on dividing projects into manageable and controllable stages which makes it easier for the manager to handle this project in an effective manner. Therefore, for an organization like Building Society, PRNCE2 is the best project management methodology to be applied. Moreover, implementation will be done at managerial level only that is why this methodology is considered as a management level activity because it requires proper planning, execution, direction and controlling of each and every activity (Cicmil and et.al., 2017). Furthermore, a project manager and team of project for constructing a building will be involved in this. Team members for this project will include architects, builder, and contractor.
ii. Implementing chosen project management methodology in its entirety. Supporting the decision with an implementation plan
When the given organization wants to construct a building that time, management of project is done which helps the manager in carrying out the activity in an effective manner. Furthermore, for doing the management of project, a proper methodology is being in used which will help the manager in carrying out the activity in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, for carrying out the construction of a building, PRINCE2 project management methodology has been chosen (Meskendahl, 2010). This will help the manager in breaking down the activities into various stages that would be manageable and controllable by them. PRINCE2 is a process-based approach for managing projects and for implementing this methodology in its entirety; company will start with accredited training. Further, training is essential because it is a complex system including many processes and angles so training will provide knowledge to everyone for managing a project with a clear understanding of the terminology used. So by providing effective training about this methodology a firm can implement it for conducting project management for the construction of building.
For implementing PRINCE2, a firm has to firstly make a group where those members would be included who need training for this methodology, after that the firm will appoint a mentor who will guide them the usage of PRINCE2. Further, by applying this methodology, a plan of a building and activities involved will be constructed which will guide the team members in carrying out activities. Later, the activity would be divided into stages for better management and roles and responsibility of each member will be allocated. Company will follow this plan and see that activities are going on as decided (Saunders and Lewis, 2012). If any deviation found, that can be corrected using corrective measures. This is how the PRINCE2 methodology will be implemented in its entirety.
iii. Encountering the issue when implementing the chosen project management methodology
At the time of implementation of this methodology, manager may encounter with several issues which will hinder its proper implementation. As this methodology includes the variable of time and costs so there are high chances of involvement of heavy cost during the implementation (Verzuh, 2015). When the company will be on low budget that time this issue may create problem. Furthermore, it requires the involvement of stakeholders from beginning to end so there are chances that members may not be present all the time and due to this, certain issues might get faced by the company. In addition with that, lack of project leadership may result in poor implementation of the PRINCE2 methodology.
iv. Addressing the difficulties faced in attempting to implement the methodology
There are various difficulties faced by the project manager during the implementation of PRINCE2 methodology in Organization B. Some of the issues have been listed in above discussion. Therefore, the manager is required to handle these issues in order to implement the methodology in an effective manner (Steyn and et.al., 2016). For removing the issue of cost and time constraint, a manager must plan the budget accordingly and also the manager must analyze various alternatives of implementation which involve low cost. Moreover, for avoiding time constraint, manager must provide deadline to every member of the team so that they work accordingly.
Furthermore, manager should create a backup of human resources so that they can be utilized when any stakeholder is missing. Moreover, by providing proper training to the leaders and hiring effective leaders, leadership issue can be avoided by the manager.
v. Attributing benefits by using the chosen project management methodology
There are various benefits associated with the use of PRINCE2 methodology and that have been listed as follows:
i. Implementing a project management methodology is considered a management level activity
There are numerous project management methodology which are used by project management department in a firm for implementing the project in an appropriate manner. As per given information, Organization C is an IT company and provide technology services to the customers. It is located in worldwide and has 1200 employees who are serving customers worldwide. Moreover, this firm is into technological service so best project management methodology can be implemented into this firm is Agile (Morris, 2011). The reason is that Agile emphasize over continuous improvement, scope flexibility, team input and the delivery of essential quality products. Moreover, approaches of this methodology involve scrum as a framework, extreme programming (XP) for building in quality upfront and lean thinking for eliminating waste.
This implementation would be done at managerial level because the manager of projects department will implement this method for carrying out its project so this implementation is regarded as management level activity. This methodology requires proper planning, direction, execution, and control measures for doing proper activities. Stakeholders involved during the implementation are project manager, an IT team and networking team.
ii. Implementing chosen project management methodology in its entirety. Supporting the decision with an implementation plan
When the technological firm wants to deliver an IT service to its customer, it has to build a project so that in a proper manner it can implement the service. For this aspect, Agile is the best methodology which an Organization C can use. Furthermore, this methodology is of early delivering business value with less bureaucracy and is a collection of software development methodology that works on an iterative and incremental method that are building the software from the very initiation of the project development rather than building all the software at once (Morris, 2010).
The implementation plan involved for this methodology is that very first step of this method is planning where it can be done by breaking user stories into smaller part then gathering information related with stories and then preparing plan, time and cost for carrying out the work. Second step is to analyze in which stories in parking lot are captured, then prioritization of those stories are done, later defining the budget and lastly defining iteration span time (Kerzner, 2013). Third stage is to deign where break down of task is done, then test scenario preparation and regression automation framework is done. Fourth is the execution of plan then wrapping and lastly closure of plan is done.
iii. Encountering the issue when implementing the chosen project management methodology
There are numerous issues which company faces while implementing Agile into its project management. Furthermore, some of the common issues which the firm may encounter while implementing this methodology are mindset change in which manager thought that it is the same thing they were already doing but they missed out key points which is included in Agile. Due to this, Agile cannot be implemented appropriately. Further, Scrum fails to get traction which leads to the distraction from the real work of the project (Tadeu de Oliveira Lacerda, Ensslin and Rolim Ensslin, 2011). This may hinder the effective implementation of Agile. Moreover, there are high chances of misunderstanding the process during the implementation and this may lead to the improper implementation of this methodology.
iv. Addressing the difficulties faced in attempting to implement the methodology
Certain difficulties faced during the implementation of Agile have been discussed above and it is necessary to solve those issues for the effective implementation of Agile methodology. The first issue faced by the firm is the change of mindset and this can be addressed by providing effective training to the people and educating them about the benefits and usage of Agile. This will help in avoiding this issue during implementation (Verzuh, 2015). Second issue was that scrum fails to get traction which can be resolved using proper methods and procedures. Thirdly, chances of misunderstanding process can again hinder the implementation, thus, to avoid such issues, it is important to clearly lay down the process in front of every stakeholder before implementing so it will help in carrying out the implementation process in a smooth manner.
v. Attributing benefits by using the chosen project management methodology
When Agile Methodology gets implemented in an IT firm then it brings along various benefits to the project management department (Waterfall model- advantages, disadvantages, 2017). Some of the benefits of Agile Methodology are as follows:
Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that project management is used widely around the globe and its usage is increasing on a continuous basis. Furthermore, there are various project management methodologies which are used by different firm according to their nature of work. Thus, in this report, three organizations have been taken which works in different fields and for that separate three methodologies have been chosen; one is Waterfall model, second is PRINCE2 methodology and last is Agile methodology. These three works as per the nature of projects and through this company has got many benefits which have helped in growing them in a competitive market.
References
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