The ever-changing world has led to the emergence of different disorders, both physical and psychological, with complexities that grow with time. The advancement in the diseases have resulted to the advancements in the medical setups and procedures of medication. Psychological disorders are now a common factor nowadays. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an advanced branch of psychotherapy that originally dealt mainly with the analysis and treatment of depression and the like, but is now used in treating a number of psychological disorders. This report deals with the systematic cognitive model, which is developed in order to focus mainly on the needs of Kelly and Lorena.
Human behavior is characterized by the set of assumptions and the idiosyncratic rules that uphold the traits of their reactions to the outer world and the environment in which they survive. Every human uses this set of rules or the values, which is generally termed as ethics frames their outlook to life. Anxiety and depression is the cause of the unfulfilled expectations and the vacant thoughts that dwells deep within the human mind (Beidas et al., 2013). Some most common elements, relating to the ego and self esteem, are those which are essentially egocentric where an individual expects that the world will function according to the person’s likes and dislikes. CBT evaluates these areas of the human psyche, uncovers the truth underlying beneath the existentialism and eccentric outlook, and aims at manipulating and modifying the thinking process of the patients assuring a positive change in the behavior (Al-Naggar, Abdel-Salam & Al-Haggar, 2015).
The above figure helps in illustrating the correlation and interdependence between the factors that influence the behavior of an individual. The figure stresses more on the core beliefs of the individuals which can be classified broadly under three categories- self, others and future. The report aims at analyzing the important factors pertaining to the psychological traits and distortions and the ways in which the cognitive behavioral theory with close association with the Evidence Based Practice (EBP) helps in curing and allocating the distortions accordingly.
Psychotherapy is an evidence-based evaluation, but the term ‘evidence based’ should be used carefully as the study and the evaluation is a limiting factor in assessing the verification due to the availability of more diverse cases based on the population. Diverse population is a limiting factor it brings out a general outlook to the psychiatric problems.
The growth and expansion of the population in USA, and reports indicate that by the end of 2050 there will be a very few inhabitant identified as European or American. The concept of diversity should be made clear before one concludes the topic to their own insight. The application of psychotherapy differs from densely populated areas to less populated areas. From an individual point of view the differences in the techniques of psychotherapy differs from individual identities as well as collective identities. Culture and heritage also plays an important role in determining the psychological realms of the individuals. There are different parameters that must be considered in order to make use of an effective psychotherapy. Many scholars have considered the issues of cultural diversity and its influence on the CBT yet no such rules limited the practitioners from making use of the diversity as a tool and adapting themselves to the specific cultural group (Gorenstein, 2007).
Diverse research methods and techniques have been encored by the researches in order to integrate issues for different and diverse cases. The very first evaluation and a framework was created by Bernal and colleagues which focuses mainly on ecological validity in accordance with the diverse nature of the community (Gilson, 2009). The framework conceptualized eight dimensions depending on the prevalent culture of the specific group. They are being illustrated in this section of the analysis.
An implementation or an adaptation of the intervention will take no time, but before doing so a researcher must consider the manner in which the researcher is going to organize the intervention in order to bring forth the desired therapeutic effect. Organizing an intervention is an important step before choosing an intervention because the proper organization helps in making the intervention work out in the best possible manner. There are general discussions too relating to the frequency of the interventions being delivered to the clients or if the intervention should be delivered in groups or on an individual basis and the like.
Proper knowledge and research must be undertaken as for a particular population or a cultural group before even adapting or considering any interventions. The diversity in the group and the difference in the needs of the clients is the only reason behind undertaking this research work. The balance in the group and individual characteristics determines another important factor that denotes the effectiveness of the interventions on the clients from a different point of view.
In this modern era evidences and research into the refined psychological traits is a phenomenal work to be undertaken in order to make advancements in the CBT. Education and financial status plays an important role before considering and allocating the interventions accordingly (Inerian, 2007).
Diversity in the clinic helps in effectively mingling with the customs and traditions of the client, by which an effective psychiatric treatment can be provided, keeping in mind the diverse requirement of the clients (Hwang, 2006).
The cases of Kelly and Lorena, on which this report concentrates, is an evidence based application of CBT. Lorena is being portrayed, in the case, as a person who had a previous history of family violence and her probable tendency of hanging out or maybe to figure out what could be done. It might be because of the injustice that infested her when she saw her mother working for the family’s source of income and her father unemployed. On the other hand, Kelly enjoys her absolute freedom through her impulsive nature- a sudden urge to do anything she desires at any point of time irrespective of the environment or the time.
A detailed plan has been formulated in this section to bring out the best results in an organized manner (Winterowd, Beck & Gruener, 2003).
Session Zero
First session
Second session
Third session
Fourth session
Fifth session
Sixth, seventh and eighth sessions
Closing session
Elements of the CBT
The above guidelines being a general approach towards the EBP are essentially flexible for treating depression in a valid and effective way (Taylor, 2006). Certain modifications can be made depending on the situation and the level of requirement of the client. The essential elements of CBT that can be taken as a part of any psychiatric program are briefly discussed in this section:
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above analysis it can be concluded that though the fields of psychiatry and the study of human brain and its nature and advancements relating to the cognitive behavioral treatments and the EBP, there are still significant limitations and backdrops that are needed to be avoided and removed. Interventions, in the modern era, are not always helpful and due to the diverse cultural population, researchers cannot stick on to the pre-formulated intervention. The advent of modernization and globalization and with the introduction of different psychological issues complexities tend to emerge. There are different ways in which they can be treated and the ways are defined through the above analysis.
References
Al-Naggar, Z., Abdel-Salam, M., & Al-Haggar, M. (2015). Biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy for Egyptian adolescents suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. J Pediatr Neurol, 04(03), 161-169. https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1557320
Beidas, R. S., Mychailyszyn, M. P., Podell, J. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2013). Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: The inner workings. Cognitive and behavioral practice, 20(2), 134-146.Culliney, T. (2014). Notes on Predatory Behavi our in Rhinacloa forticornis (Hemiptera: Miridae ). Curr. Agri. Res. Jour, 2(1), 01-04. https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.2.1.01
Gilson, M. (2009). Overcoming depression. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gorenstein, E. (2007). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Reduction of Persistent Anger (Gorenstein et al.). Cognitive And Behavioral Practice, 14(2), 243. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.02.003
Hwang, W. (2006). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Chinese Americans: Research, Theory, and Clinical Practice (Hwang et al., pp. 293–303). Cognitive And Behavioral Practice, 13(4), 339-340. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.04.017
Inerian, A. (2007). Considerations for Culturally Competent Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression with Hispanic Clients (Interian, et al.). Cognitive And Behavioral Practice, 14(1), 122-123. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.10.002
Rimondini, M. (2011). Communication in cognitive behavioral therapy. New York: Springer.
Rosner, R., Lyddon, W., & Freeman, A. (2004). Cognitive therapy and dreams. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Taylor, R. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic illness and disability. New York: Springer.
Valmaggia et al.,. (2008). WITHDRAWN: Continuing Education Quiz: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy across the Stages of Psychosis: Prodromal, First Episode, and Chronic Schizophrenia. Cognitive And Behavioral Practice. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.02.008
Winterowd, C., Beck, A., & Gruener, D. (2003). Cognitive therapy with chronic pain patients. New York: Springer.
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