Concern 1 The shares of ABC Limited, a private company are held by Ann and Andy Anderson and Bev and Bob Brown. The Andersons who together hold 90% of the business shares are concerned that the business requires further capital but since of household distinction, the Andersons are not ready to inject additional funds so long as the Browns are shareholders in the company. They have actually therefore decided to pass a resolution which will allow the bulk acquire compulsorily at amount shares of the minority.
Advise Bev and Bob Brown.
Bev and Bob Brown my recommend to you is that the Anderson being the majority investor of ABC Ltd. can eliminate you Bev and Bob Brown by common resolution of the company in basic conference, and if you Bev and Bob was designated by the short articles you can be removed by an unique resolution passed to change the articles. The Anderson’s choices being bulk investor is binding on you the minority investor whether you like it or not it is they who control the business ultimately.
Nevertheless Bev and Bob you can take representative action versus the Anderson’s for fraud committed against you Bev and Bob as in the case Eastmanco. Ltd. V Greater London where they stultify the function for which the business was formed and deny you the minority investor of your existing prospects of getting votes. Being a member of ABC Ltd. you can bring representative action against the Business to secure your individual rights which you Bob and Bev enjoys.
There have been a breach of responsibility owed to you Bob and Bev the minority shareholder can not be validated by a majority of shareholders.
Question 2 Discuss the guideline in Foss V Harbottle The guideline in Foss V Harbottle shows the principle of bulk control and minority protection. If an incorrect is done to the company then the only correct complainant to bring an action to redress the incorrect is the business itself and not an investor or anybody else. Where the minority’s problem is that some act has been done mistakenly, which would nonetheless be lawful if there were an ordinary resolution in general conference to authorize it, then the court will not interfere at the circumstances of the minority. The rule places the bulk member in an extremely strong position over the minority as in the event Bamford V Bamford.
The rule prevents the company from spending money on litigation to no ultimate purpose if an independent majority does not wish to pursue a claim. The rule may be used by majority shareholders to perpetrate fraud on the minority members especially if the majorities are also directors of the company. The rule is an inevitable consequence of a corporation is a separate legal entity. Therefore, if harm is caused to a company then only the company itself can take legal action. No one else, irrespective of their losses, will have the necessary power to take legal proceedings.
Question 3 Dave is minority shareholder in ABC Company Ltd. Andy, Bev and Carol are also major controlling shareholders and in addition, they hold the position of chairman, managing director respectively. Dave is aggrieved that: i. The company has just sold 5 acres of land to Bev’s cousin at half the price the company paid for it ii. The company has recently engaged Andy’s uncle as its marketing director at an annual salary of $5 million. His service contract includes a provision that in the event of his death, his widow shall continue to receive his annual salary by way of pension payment for the rest of her life.
Andy’s uncle was in very poor health at the time of his appointment. Andy, Bev and Carol do not admit that anything improper has taken place. Advise Dave on the legality of Andy, Bev and Carol’s action and whether he can bring an action against them. Dave base on the actions of Andy, Bev and Carol you can bring an action against them as in the case Daniels V Daniels. The major shareholders Andy, Bev and Carol owed fiduciary duty to the company and most act in good faith and in the best interest of the company and not in their own interest.
The directors have been exercised in a manner that is unfairly prejudicial to the company and also breach of their fiduciary duties as in the case Kelmer V Baxter. Andy, Bev and Carol action are base on personal interest. The court can make an order to rectify the matters as in section 213A of the 2004 Company Act. The court can order for the company to regulate the company affairs by amending its articles against Andy’s uncle who was appointed as marketing director at an annual alary of $5 million and he was in very poor health at the time of his appointment. The court can regulate the company affairs by amending ABC Ltd. articles so that Andy’s uncle widow does not receive his annual salary by way of pension payment for the rest of her life after he dies. The court can also order for compensation to the company for the 5 acres of land that Bev’s cousin buy at half price the company paid for it. Dave you can bring action against them in the court.
Question 4 The articles of association of ABC Ltd. public company provides inter alia ‘At a general meeting of the company, subject to any right or resolutions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, on a show of hand, every member in person shall have one vote’ Marvin, a shareholder who was present at a meeting of the company voted but the directors refused to register his vote in connection with passing of a special resolution. Advise Marvin who wants to compel the directors to register his vote. Marvin base on information given above you take Representative action against the company to protect your personal rights as in the case Pender V Lushington.
Being a member allows you to bring representative action against the company. The directors of ABC Ltd. owe fiduciary duty to you personally. Suing under representative action to prevent the company from acting contrary to its articles which states that: ‘At a general meeting of the company, subject to any right or resolutions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, on a show of hand, every member in person shall have one vote’. You were present at the meeting and voted but they the directors refused to register your vote so you can bring them to court.
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