Compare and Contrast of UK Health Care System with USA Healthcare System?
In the world, delivery system as well as organizational procedure of health care industry is one of the most popular topics for study (Bhandari, 2011). The popularity of selecting this topic is increased not only for needs and for requirement of health care for human but also for better understanding of delivery system and operational process of health care organization in the world.
This particular essay firmly focuses of identifying the current delivery system and operational process of health care system in UK. In order to compare the health care system of UK, this study represents the health care system of US. The comparison is conduct in this essay based on the highlighted report on television, news programs, journals, articles, websites like NHS, social groups, etc.
Health Care system in UK and US
In UK, healthcare is developed matter because the main cities like England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, etc have their own private as well as public health care fund system. Both the private and public health care system in UK works together with alternatives and treats the people holistically and complementarily. From the point of view of needs and requirements as well as payment from general taxation, each country in the world gives the public health care services to the residents of UK (Chernichovsky and Hanson, 2009). However, in UK the public health care service is larger rather than the private health care sector regarding funding, provisions like health insurance, employer scheme, direct payment, etc. According to Haynes et al. (2011), more than 8 percent of gross domestic products of UK is spent for the health care system. The top most health care service providers in UK is National Health Service (NHS). In the year of 2012, the publicity funded health care system of England accounted the most department of Health budget that was £99.6 billion (Hollnagel, Braithwaite and Wears, 2013). The ten Strategic Health Authorities plays their role in managing the actual activity of health care organization in UK. The social care service of UK shares their responsibility with the National Health Service as well as with the local government (Hurren and Berlie, 2011). The General Practitioners of National Health Service system provides the primary care and makes referral the further service along with necessity. Apart from that, health care organization like hospitals provides more specialists care services including psychiatric illness, accidental cases, emergency cases.
In USA, there are both private and public health care system like the other countries in the world. The unique method of US health care system is that there has dominance of private sector health care system over the public sector health care system (Burke, 2012). In the year of 2013, 67 percent people received insurance from private employer sponsored.
Figure 1: Health Care Service in USA
(Source: Prior et al. 2012, pp- 295)
Apart from that, private sectors also served more than 10 percent purchased insurance to the permanent resident of United State. In the public insurance in US, 15 percent people enrolled in insurance programs like Medicare, Medicaid, etc (Jost, 2012). On the other hand, private insurance enrolled more than 18 purchased insurance in their insurance programs.
Service: In UK, National Heal Service covers the most preventative service as well as the impatient and outpatient care service (Hutton and Pang, 2005). Apart from that, NHS takes the responsibility of caring the drugs in inpatient and outpatient, mental care, rehabilitation, physicians, learning disabilities, etc.
On the other hand, in US Medicare is the federal program that covers some disables individuals and aged 65. It is the single prayer program of the government of US. There is fours different part of Medicare of government in US. Part A covers the hospital service. Part B covers physician service (Prior et al., 2012). Medical Part C covers Medicare advantage and Part D offers prescription drug benefits.
Cost Sharing: In UK, there are few cost sharing agreement for public health care service such as prescription for drugs that covers £6.85 for each prescription. The review report demonstrated that 88% prescription are exempted from charges.
In US, the total expenditure on health is more than 23.11%. The most of the cost shares from the end of private sector. The cost sharing in US has certain impact on patient group (The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013).
Physicians: In UK, the National Health Care shows their responsibility to the department of health care. They take the responsibility primary care treatments for the local populations and permanents residents. The parliament of UK that placed at Westminster takes the responsibility of general policy and health legislation. Willis, Reynolds and Keleher (2009) argued that, government of UK control more than 85% primary care treatment of the NHS budget.
In USA, S-CHIP takes the primary care of children whose families make too much money for Medicare instead of purchasing private health care. S-CHIP offers the financial structure as well as similar administration for health care service. Apart from that, Veteran Administration take the responsibility of conducting federal administration program for veterans (Tobin, 2011). Furthermore, the government owned VA hospitals in order to delivers the clinical service in better way.
In UK, the total expenditure of NHS is 86%. The general taxation funded the 76% and national insurance contributions 19& and user charges 5%. NHS covers safety and privacy of 12% population and accounted 3% expenditure (Hurren and Berlie, 2011). For some service, people also pay directly for out-of-pocket such as care in private sector.
The financing of health care centers in US has two stream of money such as collection of money for health care system and reimbursement of health care service providers (Welborn and Bullington, 2013). These two shares the private and public insurance in United Stated.
Conclusion
This essay concludes the factors of healthcare system of two different countries including United Kingdom and United State. Health care system of both countries pays income taxes to the government. In US, there is a payroll tax on employers as well as employees. However, in UK, there is a payroll tax for only employers.
Reference List
Bhandari, S. (2011). A hospital-based cost minimization study of the potential financial impact on the UK health care system of introduction of iron isomaltoside 1000. TCRM, p.103.
Burke, L. (2012). Health care reform in the USA: Recommendations from USA and non-USA radiologists. World Journal of Radiology, 4(2), p.44.
Chernichovsky, D. and Hanson, K. (2009). Innovations in health system finance in developing and transitional economies. Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Haynes, S., Timm, B., Hamerslag, L. and Costello, S. (2011). PHP152 The Administrative Burden of Patient Access Schemes in the Changing UK Health Care System: A Follow Up Study. Value in Health, 14(7), p.A361.
Hollnagel, E., Braithwaite, J. and Wears, R. (2013). Resilient health care. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate.
Hurren, K. and Berlie, H. (2011). Lorcaserin: An investigational serotonin 2C agonist for weight loss.American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(21), pp.2029-2037.
Hutton, J. and Pang, F. (2005). PHP13 MULTIPLE APPRAISAL OF DRUGS IN THE UK HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. Value in Health, 8(6), pp.A184-A185.
Jost, T. (2012). Eight Decades of Discouragement: The History of Health Care Cost Containment in the USA. Forum for Health Economics and Policy, 15(3).
Prior, J., Rushton, C., Jordan, K. and Kadam, U. (2012). Comorbidity Cohort (2C) study: Cardiovascular disease severity and comorbid osteoarthritis in primary care. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), p.295.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, (2013). Health-care associated infection: USA on the right track. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(5), p.377.
Tobin, K. (2011). Fast-food consumption and educational test scores in the USA. Child: Care, Health and Development, 39(1), pp.118-124.
Welborn, C. and Bullington, K. (2013). Benchmarking award winning health care organizations in the USA. Benchmarking, 20(6), pp.765-776.
Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. (2009). Understanding the Australian health care system. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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