The governance of a particular nation or country forms an important part of the responsibility of the government of that particular nation (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). A nation can be defined as a stable community of individuals or people belonging to different cultural beliefs, ethnicity, languages, economic status, psychosocial needs and others (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). Therefore, it is generally seen that the nation requires the presence of a governing body to not only effectively take into consideration the needs of the people but also for managing the diverse interests of the nation as a whole (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). Thus, it is seen that the various nations of the world have evolved their own kinds of governing bodies for the process of governing the nation. The most commonly used method for the process of governing by the various nations of the world is democracy (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). However, it is important to note that in the ancient times other kinds of methods were used by the nations for the process of governing the states like dictatorship and others (Lenoble and Maesschalck 2016). Thus, it can be said that the style or the kind of governance system which is being by a particular nation should depend on the requirements of the nation and the kind of life which that particular nation is trying to provide to its citizens (Lenoble and Maesschalck 2016). This essay will discuss about the concept of governance and governing bodies through the lens of the governing bodies of the three nations Brazil, China and India.
Democracy is the kind of governance which gives priority to the needs of the people before the other factors which are important for the governance of the nation (Denters et al. 2013). The basic precept of democracy can be said to be the fact “of the people, by the people and for the people” (Denters et al. 2013). Thus, the main power within nation is given to the people and it is a reflection of this particular fact that the people are imbued with the role of electing the representatives of the Constitution (Denters et al. 2013). Furthermore, the people are also provided with various kinds of fundamental rights and other kinds of benefits with the objective to provide them with the opportunity to fully grow to their maximum potential (Ansell and Snider 2013). Therefore, it is seen that the most of the major nations of the world are taking the help of this particular system of governance for the process of governing the national affairs and also for the process of providing the opportunity to the people to help them to fully realize their goals (Ansell and Snider 2013). Some of the major nations which take the help of this particular style of governance are India, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and others.
India is one of the largest democracies of the world and the major power within the nation rests with the people (Kohler-Koch and Quittkat 2013). The nation has been subjected to different kinds of governance systems since the ancient times like during the ancient rulers of the nation, the British colonizers and others (Kohler-Koch and Quittkat 2013). However, in the year 1950 the nation formally adopted the system of democracy for the process of governing the diverse affairs of the nation (India.gov.in. 2018). The various governing activities of the nation are regulated through the Parliament of the nation and the Parliament in turn consists of two houses- the Upper House and the Lower House (India.gov.in. 2018). Apart from this, the various states of the nation also have their own local governing bodies which are under the central government (Askarov and Doucouliagos 2013). Many experts are of the viewpoint that this particular division has been made for the effective governance of the nation as well as the various states which are associated with it (Denters et al. 2013). As already mentioned the major power in India resides with the people and the entire Constitution has been designed taking into consideration the requirements of the people (Askarov and Doucouliagos 2013). Therefore, the people are given the power to elect their representatives who in turn form the government (Denters et al. 2013). Furthermore, the constitution of the nation in order to effectively take into consideration the needs of the people and at the same time to provide them with the opportunity to realize their potential to the maximum limit provides them with various kinds of Fundamental Rights which are included in the constitution itself (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). Some of the major Fundamental Rights which the nation provides to its citizens are “Right to Freedom of Speech”, “Right to Education”, “Right to Practice any form of religion”, “Right to Liberty” and others (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). However, the constitution also states that the citizens can only enjoy the Fundamental Rights if they perform the Fundamental Duties which each and every citizen of the nation is required to follow (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). Some of the major Fundamental Duties which are required of the citizens are “Duty to Vote”, the “Duty to work towards the progress of the nation” and others (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). Therefore, it would be apt to say that the nation of India and its governance provides enough developmental scope to its citizens and if a particular individual is willing to work hard following the guidelines prescribed by the nation then he or she is likely to achieve success (Askarov and Doucouliagos 2013). The various Fundamental Rights as well as the major power of the nation have been vested in the hands of the citizens of the nation with this inherent motive (Askarov and Doucouliagos 2013). Therefore, it would be apt to say that the governing system of the nation of India has been designed in such a manner that it takes into consideration the inherent needs as well as the developmental needs of the people of the nation.
China, on the other hand, follows a Communist form of government for the process of governing the various entities of the state and at the same time looking after the needs of the people (Isakhan and Slaughter 2014). The major political affairs of the nation are being controlled by the “Communist Party of China” which is not only the major political party of the nation but also the sole one (China.org.cn 2018). The responsibility of governance lies with the “Communist Party of China” and in a way it can be said that this party governs the nation like the various dictators used to rule their kingdoms in the ancient times (Isakhan and Slaughter 2014). Thus, it is seen that the various rights of the people have been subverted to the extent that the people do not have even the most basic rights which are necessary for the proper realization of their life goals (Isakhan and Slaughter 2014). It is a reflection of this particular fact that the “Communist Party of China” exerts a stringent hold over the organs of the state and as a matter of fact all the business organizations of China are being controlled by the “Communist Party of China” (Kohler-Koch and Quittkat 2013). Furthermore, the power of media has been so curbed that the media personnel have been prohibited from publishing or telecasting any piece of news which is likely to hurt the prospects of the party in a significant manner (Kohler-Koch and Quittkat 2013). As a matter of fact the party even exerts a stringent hold over the various educational institutions and decides to a large extent the kind of education which would be provided to them (Kohler-Koch and Quittkat 2013). Moreover, in the recent times it is seen that the people have been barred from using the various kinds of social networking websites and the government at the same time optimizes the various internet search engines which the people use so as to ensure that they do not get hold of any piece of information which is likely to hurt the prospects of the party (Correa and Correa 2013). Therefore, it would be apt to say that the governance body of China provides very little scope to the people of the nation and this is one of the main reasons for the slow growth rate which China has displayed in the recent times (Correa and Correa 2013). Furthermore, the curbing of the individual rights of the Ctizens have significantly thwarted the growth of the people in a significant manner (Correa and Correa 2013).
The government of Brazil, on the other hand, is very different from the government of the nation of China but at the same time very similar to the nation of India (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). Thus, just like the government of India the constitution of the nation is divided into three sections, namely, the executive, the judiciary and the legislative (Brazilgovnews.gov.br 2018). The government of the nation is headed by the President who is generally the ruler of the party which gains the maximum number of votes in the general elections (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). The government of Brazil therefore can be seen as a republican one which tries to take into consideration the needs of the people in the best possible manner (Bekkers, Dijkstra and Fenger 2016). Furthermore, Brazil just like the nation of India provides various kinds of Fundamental Rights to the people like the “Right to Liberty”, “Right to Freedom of Speech”, “Right to Practice Religion” and others so that the citizens are being able to realize their life goals in the best possible and at the same time get the kind of environment where they can grow not only economically but in other aspects as well (Lenoble and Maesschalck 2016). Unlike China, Brazil does not holds a stringent control over the various organs of the state but on the other hand provides them with a liberal environment with the objective to harbor a climate of growth as well as development (Lenoble and Maesschalck 2016). In addition to these, the various Fundamental Rights which Brazil provide to its citizens ensures that the people gets adequate amount of growth opportunities for the realization of the objectives of their lives and at the same time fulfill their goals and objectives in the most effective manner (Lenoble and Maesschalck 2016).
The above three paragraphs clearly states the various features of the governmental systems of India, China and Brazil. The analysis reveals that whereas the governments of India and Brazil are almost similar to each other not only in terms of the kind of the governmental systems which they have but also in terms of the benefits that they provide to the citizens. However, China is drastically different from these two nations and not only follows an autocratic system of governance but denies the basic rights to the citizens. The primary purpose of the various kinds of governance systems which the various nations of the world often resort to is to provide the citizens of that particular nation with the kind of stable political, economic and other factors which are likely to help that particular individual achieve the life goals outlined by him or her while living their life to the fullest (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). Thus, it is seen that the various nations of the world with the objective to provide the best kind of opportunities to the people provide them with various kind of benefits like the “Fundamental Rights” (Bernauer, Böhmelt and Koubi 2013). Many experts are of the viewpoint that the basic idea behind the various kinds of Fundamental Rights which are being provided to the citizens by the various nations of the world is to provide the individuals with a tool through the use of which they can further enhance the development of themselves (Denters et al. 2013). For example, in the nations of India, Brazil, USA and others one of the Fundamental Rights which the people enjoy is the “Right to Education” which aims to provide at least a basic or primary level education to all the citizens and the nation itself does no kind of discrimination for the process of imparting education to the people no matter to which state, race or ethnic group they belong (Denters et al. 2013). Another typical example of this particular fact is the “Right to Expression of Thought” which is provided by the democratic as well as the republican nations of the world to their citizens (Almond and Verba 2015). This particular “Fundamental Right” ensures that the various people of the nation get equal opportunity to express their views as well as opinions (Almond and Verba 2015). This particular fact is one of the most basic precepts of the concept of democracy and is one of the most basic requirements of the people at the same time. However, it is seen that in the various nations of the world like China and others even in the present times the people are denied of these basic rights and it is a reflection of this particular fact the growth rates of these nations are very slow when compared to the various other nations of the world which follow the concept of democracy (Bowles and Gintis 2012). Therefore, the various nations of the world should try to develop or take the help of the kinds of governance systems which would not only help in the process of effective management of the nation but at the same to provide the kind of condition in which the various citizens of the nation are likely to find the kind of opportunities that are likely to further enhance the development rate of the citizens (Bowles and Gintis 2012).
To conclude, the various nations of the world have evolved their own system of governance for managing the various aspects of the nation as well as for the effective management of the interests of the people. Therefore, in a way it can be said that one of the key roles of these governing bodies is to ensure that the various needs of the citizens associated with that particular nation are fulfilled. Thus, it is seen that the various nations of the world have evolved their kinds of governing bodies for the purpose of governing the various entities of the nation. However, it is generally seen that the majority of the nations follow the system of democracy as well as republicanism for the process of governing the nation. The system of democracy gives priority to the interests of the people related to the state and thereby they provide various kinds of benefits to the citizens like the “Fundamental Rights” and others. These benefits are basically designed with the objective that the individuals are being able to further enhance their developmental process. Therefore, it can be said that one of the primary roles of a particular nation is to create a kind of environment which will try to foster an environment of development.
References
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