Various aspects should be put in consideration before constructing a house. Construction of a house requires the owner of the house to first identify the house design that satisfy his or her needs (Kibert 2016). One can do so by browsing the various types of design in the website and come up with the most appropriate design. Browsing a newsletter consisting of various designs can also be facilitated. House designs in the newspaper are usually protected by copyright which require permission by designers before it can be used (Cocchi, Baukus, Chow and Wang 2014). Before incorporating a design obtained from the newspaper, it’s important that the owner obtain permission from the owner of the copyright. The owner of the property can also contact the relevant builders and consult about the property design to be incorporated. Various established project builders accommodate copyrights in their various house designs.
A builder cannot incorporate a house design that lacks a copyright. The identified builder’s designer has the mandate of enhancing a modification of the design so as to enhance some specified requirements (Karakhan and Gambatese 2017) In order to avoid duplication by other potential investors, it’s important to protect the modified design by a copyright. Various advertised house designs lack detailed information about the product design and it’s thus important to enquire more information through accommodation of the whole package. The owner of the house should also ensure that all the required items are enhanced in the purchased contract.
If the person establishing a building come across a house design and become interested in incorporating a similar house design, it’s important to contact the builder who established that house.in order to ensure achievement of the targeted results it’s important to check that all the features of the copyright are well displayed in the contract.
Last but not the least it’s important to check the type of land under which the building will be established (Spate and Learmonth 2017). The idea behind this is so as to ensure that the selected house design is compatible with the identified place of settlement. This is well facilitated by accommodation of the land packages. Many house designs are designed in such a way that they can fit on the block of land within the geographical area.
A stakeholder is anyone one involved in the process and enhancing the outcome of the project. The process of construction of a house accommodates various types of stakeholders. They include the clients, principle contractors, designers, subcontractors, the skilled and non-skilled builders, local authorities, and owners of the end product (.Smith, Jaggar, & Love 2016).Professional bodies, local residents, local business owners, politicians and environmental groups are some of the other indirect stakeholders.
The table below further shows the lists of both internal and external stakeholders in the building and construction industry. Considering that the industry accommodates many stakeholders only the relevant ones will be considered.
|
Stakeholder |
Roles |
|
Internal |
|
|
Clients |
· Eventual owners of the building. · They fund the whole project · Hold the ownership title when the project is under development. · Direct the style and overall feeling of the project by availing all the required resources. |
|
Contractors |
· Are the project managers. · Direct the building process from initial planning to the final approval. · Hire sub-contractors. · Supervise the project endeavor · Manage the budget and engage other stakeholders |
|
External Stakeholders |
|
|
Government |
· Local governments approves and give permit of developing new building structures · State and federal governments actively set the fire standards for purposes of safety and facilitate the coders of residential and commercial buildings. |
|
Unions |
· Can accommodate the skill trade contractors and sub contracted employees · They consult with the contractors to ensure that the integrated resources are effectively managed according to the set out policies and guidelines of the union. |
There exist some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) that one can expect in the construction industry (Trieloff & Buys 2013). The South African construction sector has been incorporated to define the SWOT analysis of this context.
This sector has actively improved the economic growth of South Africa. It contributes about 3.9% of the national Growth Domestic Product. Following the completion of the World cup, the sector has been diminished the capability of enhancing the lives of its dependents (Cusolito, Safadi and Taglioni 2016). Labor unrest has continued to be witnessed in this sector and this result to problems of enhancing various projects within the country. The Government has established various policies that place pressure in the construction industry. This research enhances various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats existing in the construction industry.
The construction industry is crucial to any country’s economic stability. It also ensures accommodation of a significant gross national product. This industry can be highly ascertained as it facilitate to the labor market (.Goodall, B. and Ashworth and G. eds 2013.) According to statistics obtained in South Africa construction sector, the industry employs a considerable amount of working personnel. Incorporation of bigger projects in these industries can actually enhance accommodation of reasonable amounts of job opportunities.
Inefficient capitalization has continued to affect most companies in the construction industry. In South Africa for instance, the construction industry has decreased by 38% as compared to the other previous years (Oqubay 2015). Many companies have also continued to lose their market values due to the effect of deterioration.
The amount of work available in this market sector is not enough for the larger population in need of jobs. Insufficient mega projects that require labor intensity are not accommodated the later. There exist considerable amount of competition in the sector that accommodate non skilled personnel (Odero, J. O.2017). This makes it difficult impact a lot of pressure in terms of delivery of projects. It also makes it hard to execute some contracts leading to existence of gaps that delay delivery of the final projects. High risks exist in this industry. Workers are prone to numerous hazards and accidents that can come up when for instance a building under construction collapse. Other underlying issues include lack of necessary processes of procuring certain sectors in this industry which incapacitate the ability of licensing of projects.
In order to achieve an immense construction industry existence, it’s appropriate to invest in better infrastructures and enhance appropriate capital (Weber, Alfen & Staub-Bisang, M 2016). Partnering with established construction industries can enhance new infrastructural designs and this have a comparative advantage over other competitors. It’s important to look beyond the domestic market in this industry context (Spring, Hughes, Mason & McCaffrey 2017). Many developing countries are incapacitated the ability of satisfying the various established standards.
Lack of enough skilled personnel can be incorporated in many construction industries so as to ensure some improvement (Ikediashi, Ogunlana, & Alotaibi 2014). Various building construction industries have established new approaches of enhancing skilled personnel with appropriate programs so as to make them competent. The South African government for instance has undertaken some measures that attempt to create partnership with building and construction industries so as to accommodate various government training efforts.
The government and other stakeholders should lay down the necessary measures that support social infrastructure (Davis & Brady 2015). Such infrastructure includes housing, schools and modification modes of transport that meet the international standards. This can actually improve the general working environment and also create numerous opportunities.
In order to accommodate effective business management strategies, it’s important to focus on time and come up with other managerial programs (Ward 2016). Construction industries should also have the capacity of maintaining some of the efforts geared towards addressable possible risks. This ensures that the industry is sustainable and accommodates competitive economic periods. Constant industrial unrest can diminish the ability of project completion. Constant labor strikes conducted by various labor unions can diminish the relationship of the contractors and clients.
The South African construction industry has continued to decline because of constant reduction of infrastructural expenditure in various projects (van, Bam and Steenkamp 2016). Existence of various competitors in this industry has continued to threaten the industrial progress.
The study below will enhance the gathered knowledge that can be incorporated in Kano model. In order to analyze the various existing customer needs, it’s important to gather the basic needs that exist within the building and construction industry. In order to accommodate the existing opportunities in building and construction industry, it’s important to address the following issues.
In order to address the customer needs to the later, it’s important to answer the questions that are based upon the wants, musts and desirable (Turk, France & Rumpe 2014). The Kano theory has been incorporated to the later in answering some of these questions.
The field of building and construction is quiet competitive. So it’s the responsibility of any client with a project to look for the best construction industry before initiating a project (Santorella 2017). In order to capture the attention of many clients, building and construction industry should enhance some of the discussed strategies.
It’s important for any building and construction industry to have a brand name. In order to do so, the company can seek accreditations from already established companies. It’s also important to ensure that the obtained accreditations are posted to the website so that potential clients can get view them before initiating a project. Awards obtained from bigger accolades give a comparative advantage of other competitors as they are more prone when it comes to draw the attention of potential clients.
After capturing the attention of the potential clients, it’s important to ensure that the work of the company is well known to the neighboring towns and cities. When performing a certain project in a particular site, it’s important to show off the brand name in the adjacent areas of the neighboring site because many potential clients will accommodate the proverb of charity begins at home. Many clients will always look at their neighbors projects before establishing theirs.
The world is becoming an automated place. It’s important to ensure that the building and construction industry get to know the clients. Various clients tend to behave differently depending with the age, gender, level of education and beginners (Koelsch 2017). It’s important for the contractor to know the other needs of the clients. Most people usually talk about themselves and thus important to keep regular chat with them to accommodate a friendly working relationship. It’s also important to ensure that after completing the task, the contractor send a thank you note that make the clients feel appreciated. It also creates a notion that enhances the client satisfaction after the completion of the task.
The above strategies will always benefit the overall functions of the company. There exists other several opportunities that can enhance so as to accommodate the growth of the business. It’s important for the company to identify the underlying issues that can be integrated as to attract regular and new clients (Witten, Frank, Hall & Pal 2016). In order to do so the company should always ensure that they offer extension services that include facilitating the transportation of building materials in such a way that give bonus. A company can also integrate with environmental impact assessment experts as they interact with most experts during performance of various tasks. The contractor can also accommodate the machinery that easy the work so as to ensure that the clients don’t incur unnecessary cost of construction.
In order to satisfy the needs of the clients, it’s important to ensure quality design in order to incorporate a superior value (Oliver 2014). The quality function deployment is meant to ensure that the needs of the clients are obtained so as plan for a structure that enhances a unique value. (QFD) is an approach that is structured in such a way that incorporates the customer needs and also translates them into specific plans that enhance accommodation of enhancing the requirements of the clients. In order to accommodate the terms described the client, it’s always important to ensure that the voice of the client is put into consideration. In order to do so, it’s important to enhance direct interviews, survey, incorporate the use of focused group discussions, enhance the client’s specific requirements, incorporate observation, provide a warranty data and incorporate the field reports (Robson, & McCartan 2016). After understanding the customer needs to the later, these needs are then summarized in a product planning matrix or the so called house of quality. The summary is meant to provide a transition of a higher level into the low level of the building requirements. The main purpose is to enhance the features that satisfy the client’s needs.
It’s important to know the diverse needs of the client, in order to consider and incorporate the so as to ensure development of an immense building structure. In order to facilitate this, it’s important to use a multiple column that shows the priority ratings which are associated with client voice.
(QFD) should always enhance the basic clients’ needs. It should answer the questions that include ‘HOW” and “WHAT” are the needs (Sallis 2014). It’s also important bridge down the gap so as to accommodate the specific requirements. After gathering the necessary requirements of the client, organizing them in interview notes and requirement documents should also be incorporated.
The (QFD) methodology accommodate four basic phases that should be enhanced in the in the building development process (Yadav, Yadav, Seth, Seth, Desai & Desai 2017). Each phrase is prepared so as to help incorporation of an integrated approach of planning and communicating a critical process of planning and designing.
It’s advisable to understand the importance of FMEA so as to enhance an achievable design and process (Zhu, von Zedtwitz, Assimakopoulos & Fernandes.K 2016). It’s also important to facilitate the active participants with thorough knowledge to be able to accommodate the ways of ensuring the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of FMEA efforts. In order to enhance achievable results is important to involve the right people in the planning process of FMEA.
Process FMEA Analysis
Building and construction contractors incorporate working approach that is free of errors. It is important to identify observable errors to avoid catastrophic results. The various sources that can be considered when approaching a Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMA) are:
When deciding on which action on take on the FMEA, RPN threshold is incorporated (.Sutrisno, Kwon, Gunawan, Eldridge, & Lee, 2016) In order to set the achievable targets, a quality FMEA does not incorporate the use of RPN thresholds. The targets are aimed in changing the team behaviors as they select the lowest numbers so as to accommodate the lowest figures below the threshold. This ensures appropriate mitigation. The analysis should also incorporate multiple levels of considerations that include
How to perform PFMA
The initial process has five sections where each section has a purpose and focus on a certain aspect. This process can also be referred to as a project timeline because it a continuous process.
The process should define the function column that enhances description of the project to enhance appropriate analysis (Taykoz, D.2014). The approach can be enhanced through incorporation of a characteristic matrix so as to accommodate measurable requirements.
Failure modes that incorporate functions that have not being met. They include full, partial, intermittent, degraded and unintentional failure. Effects of failure on the other hand focus on possible impacts (Woo 2017). The severity of each consequence is based upon the process and design effects. They include the minor and major disruption that can even cause the shutdown of a mega project.
There exit a form of classified characteristics that are indicated in form of risks. They are indicated in the column that enhances manipulation of a control plan.
The client can decide to incorporate and seek some professional services when constructing a building structure. This type of services will totally depend on the type of building structure been established. It also incorporates the experience of the client depending on the previous projects undertaken by company. Among the common types of professional services that can be enhanced include:
This early process stage provides a strategic plan especially when incorporating a mega project (Wolf, & Floyd 2017). The client accommodates this after seeking the consultancy of finance planners who evaluate the current economic and financial feasibility of the building project. Financial institutions like banks can be consulted so as to facilitate a variety of options of financing the project.
This enhances the provision of a preliminary design. This enhances an integrated approach that enhances creates a viable path of entering into a construction contract with a contractor who condition of various activities at the site. The A/E firm provides a complete design that accommodates the quality of the construction site. This ensures that satisfactory results are accommodated.
These firms are facilitated so as to act as the mirror of reference as the construction progresses. The client should always ensure that the quality of the facility is enhanced and thus ensure that design is followed to the later (Lewis, Passmore & Cantore 2016). The process exploits an approach that enables the client to delegate a total responsibility to the design firm.
The owner can rely on the service of a single professional manager to conduct the whole process of construction project.
Operation and maintenance managers can be enhanced so as to operate and maintain the specialized industrial plants and other complicated facilities.
This enhances accommodation of planning; designing and constructing space.it ensure appropriate development policy that focuses on long term achievement.
There exist major suppliers that accommodate the special contractors. They can be employed to enhance sheet metal, to deliver a ready mixed concrete, enhance roofing and glazing.
In order to accommodate arising risks the owner can transfer the ownership of risk by entering into contractual agreements with them.
They are meant to coordinate the tasks performed in a construction project. The general manager should have the capacity of enhancing appropriate labor force incorporated at the site.
They include the mechanical, electrical, excavation and demolition contractors. They can be employed by a client to enhance the work of the general contractor.
Legal councilors should be enhanced so as to work as government agencies that actively enhance regulation requirements (Horsley 2016). They incorporate the safety standards for workers that are obtained from the Occupational Health and Safety. They should be incorporated so as to protect the safety and welfare of the public. They issue regulations which influence the construction process.
They include the legal councilors who are employed to work as advisors so as to diminish the possibility of any arising conflict.
When choosing a general manager in the building and construction profession, several aspects must be put into consideration. This ensures that unique and difficult designs are well accommodated (Hughes, Champion & Murdoch 2015). The general contractor contracted so as to execute the work of the site. The client can incorporate some of the models identified in the paper below.
The client can also incorporate the outsourcing framework that enhance
Some of the aspects are put into consideration when identifying a general manager. These criteria include the past delivery performance of the contractor, labor cost, quality work, time effective ness, derived service, existing relationship and the organization profile (Wynarczyk, Watson, Storey, Short & Keasey 2016).
Material suppliers give the construction industry with a comparative advantage. Construction materials take about 30% of the total cost of a building structure. Its thus important to select effective suppliers so as to enhance the sustainable project. The price and quality of materials been used should also be put into consideration. The identified suppliers should also be enhanced with the project schedule so as to enhance a timely delivery.
The selection of suppliers by contractors involves a number of approaches. It’s important to ensure that interviews are conducted to ascertain the credibility of the chosen personnel (Sekaran & Bougie 2016). To ensure that the chosen personnel have the capacity of assigned tasks, it’s important for the contractors to enhance a collaborative approach that accommodate the welfare of the suppliers.
The study below will enhance a proposed model that can be incorporated so as to enhance a good selection of different suppliers. The Multi-criteria decision making approach (MCDMA) has been used to enhance valuable solutions (Malkawi, S., & Azizi, 2017). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) actively enhances a quality cost, timely delivery and flexibility.
A random data sampling can be selected so as to fill the comparison forms. Analyzing the data follows and can employ the model of Expert Choice 11 software (Coussement, Lessmann and Verstraeten 2017). The study obtained has shown that quality suppliers are the most important selection that must be put into consideration. Cost of suppliers is another aspect that cannot be neglected. An analytical hierarchy process is one of the most preferred method of facilitating an effective decisions in terms of evaluating and selecting the competent suppliers (López, and Ishizaka 2017). The MCDM enable the decision maker to facilitate the knowledge gap of the most when it comes to solving the complex questions. This criterion is used to simplify the total numbers of available supplier and then carry out an evaluation process to integrate the most superior supplier.
Studies in the field of competitive priories were incorporated in the year 1969. According to by skinner, the system is meant to address the underlying issues of needs of the client based on performance of suppliers, the level of growth and client level of satisfaction. The table below illustrates on the importance of conducting a cost and quality analysis.
|
Competitive priority |
cost |
time |
quality |
Innovation |
Flexibility |
speed |
Recog- Nition |
technology |
Derivery |
performance |
growth |
service |
alliances |
satisfaction |
Reliability |
|
Studies |
28 |
4 |
26 |
9 |
24 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
14 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
6 |
|
Percentage |
100 |
15 |
93 |
32 |
86 |
15 |
8 |
22 |
11 |
50 |
8 |
4 |
18 |
4 |
11 |
In the above table cost got 100% of the attention of researchers. Quality obtained93% while flexibility got 86%. The research has been conducted to determine the competitive priorities.
The general analytical hierarchal model facilitates the knowledge gap of achieving the right method when it comes to supplier selection (Ho, W., & Ma, X. (2017). It is enhanced by incorporating two steps that include:
Identifying the core objectives of establishing a structure. This captures the right method for supplier selection.
The chosen criteria include the competitive priorities.
The table below has facilitated the core and sub- criteria of competitive priorities that should be incorporated in the model
|
Core- criteria |
Sub-criteria |
|
1. Quality |
2. product reliability |
|
3. product durability |
|
|
4. accreditation |
|
|
2. cost |
1. price |
|
2. quantity discount |
|
|
3. payment facilities |
|
|
4. services |
|
|
3. delivery |
1. Quick delivery |
|
2. On- time delivery |
|
|
3. Quantity conformance |
|
|
4. Development speed |
|
|
4. flexibility |
1. Quantity adjustment |
|
2. Time adjustment |
|
|
3. Product specification |
|
|
4. Technological response |
|
Incorporation of analytical hierarchy can be highly ascertained as it enhances the determination of relative importance of core- criteria as well as sub- criteria (.Samarakoon, & Ratnayake 2015). The analysis is based on the answers of the functional contractors selected from the research sample. Quality analysis is the core criterion as well as the cost criterion. This concludes that it’s important to enhance quality contractors so as to enhance a construction as quality building structure.
Sub-criteria results show that the established structure should be reliable. Cost effectiveness in terms of establishing the building should also be enhanced (Taylan, Kaya & Demirbas 2016). It’s also important to choose the best supplier which is enhanced through establishment of supplier evaluation.
The construction process is composed of several stages that incorporate:
The process begins with planning and designing. The architect designs the building structure and facilitates the design process.
The client facilitates potential bidders with a working program that facilitate the drawings and plan of the proposed project. The building specification is also enhanced and as well as the terms of the contract (Brook 2016). The provided plan represents the structure to be established in a prepared contract document. The working contract facilitates a pictorial representation of the construction work. It should also portray the designer’s intentions (Neuendorf 2016). The drawing should integrate the appearance, layout and amenities of the proposed project.
On the other hand the plan indicates the layout of the project which incorporates the floor plans, elevation and detailed information of the construction and architectural designs. The plan incorporates graphic designs so as to indicate the length, width and various heights of the structural building.
After ensuring the project feasibility, the client proposes to the contractors (ENERGY, 2017). He or she can incorporate the use of trade publication and newspapers to capture the attention of the available contractors.
The field work process is initiated after incorporation of a working permit (.Turner 2017) Specifications must e provided to the local authorities. The process can be lengthy as it must accommodate all the necessary requirements. The construction project should incorporate the standard of the applicable building code. An inspector is constantly involved during the several stages of establishing the structure.
When the contractor completes the prescribed work, the client should pay the contractor as per the specification of payment agreements. Some contractors are paid on are regular basis while others are paid after the completion of the assigned task. Payment should be enhanced so as to ensure a smooth learning of the construction work.
This is the final stage where the established structure is ready for settlement. After completion of the assigned task, the contractor prepares a set of plans referred to as built plans (Liu, & Li 2017). They accommodate any changes that might have occurred during process of establishment. A notice of substantial completion is issues by local authorities after the completion of 95%.
in order to accommodate a building performance, several steps are put into consideration. They incorporate:
This is meant to facilitate a viable building enclosure as well as variation of different assemblies of the model.it ensures production of a detailed model that incorporates the analysis requirements.
Provide detailed information of the building performance. It can enhance comparison of two existing projects.
The above table is meant to describe a timeline comparison of the process flow in the standard operating rooms (SORs) and the Operating Room of the Future (ORF). Time is shown to scale in the horizontal dimension. Induction and Emergence are denoted, both in location and in temporal relation to other activities. Intra-Op = intraoperative patient care; OR = operating room; PACU = post anesthesia care unit; P-Op = postoperative patient care; Pre-Op = preoperative patient care.
There exist several problems that may occur during construction of a building. They include
Delivering an incomplete custom order may delay the project completion. The errors occur. When this error occur it push back the completion date of the project. Comparison of the project specifications with the copy an incorrect custom order becomes difficult (Cicmil, Cooke-Davies, Crawford and Richardson 2017). It’s important to identify the cause of the error so as to get the party that is responsible. Acceptance of incorrect custom order may be beneficial to the client as the contractor is mandated to give a discount to the client so as to accept what was not ordered in the first place. In instances where the client doesn’t accept the improper custom order, time can be consumed when it comes to incorporating the right order.
When this problem arises, it always delays the incorporated schedule. The date of the final blue prints should be accommodated so that to enhance the subcontractor with humble tie of checking the plans that accommodates the dates of the set plans.
They occur in instances of unforeseen conditions that include existence of bad soils and termite damage that is obtained during construction stage. The established contract should always address the unforeseen episodes to avoid future disputes between the contractor and the client.
It’s important for the contractors to have a schedule of the contraction contract so as to ensure easy monitoring of the progressing project (Hughes, Champion, & Murdoch 2015). In instances of delays, the problems existing should be addressed to the later to avoid repetition of the same.
In an attempt to modify a certain specification the subcontractor can end up deviating from the established blue prints. The end results may end up producing unwanted design of the house.
Constructing and using problem- Solving Tools.
In order to ensure a successful establishment of a building structure, time management must be put into consideration to avoid unnecessary delays (Abrahamsson, Salo, Ronkainen, & Warsta, 2017). The time of establishing a building structure is usually an essential factor to both the client and the contractor. Accommodating analysis techniques is quiet important as it influence the level of decision making. It’s also important to incorporate knowledge how of such techniques so that to avoid occurrence of major disputes. A detailed schedule analysis is required to allow the client to recover any damages that might occur as a result of existence of delayed project.
Fast- tracking can enhance solve the delay problems because it enhance the initiation of a construction while the design process is on progress. An immense example of fast- tracking enhances comparison of the concrete versus steel material choice in a mega project. Some steps can be incorporated to manage existence of possible delays. Its important defines the building strategy and choose an appropriate builder.
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