Consumption Of Wheat And Products: A Global Data Analysis

Research Question

World population growing continuously, so finding the solution for feeding the growing world population becomes the major concern for many academics, entrepreneurs and food and agricultural organizations. There are foods that are highly demanded such as meat, rice, wheat, fruits, milk etc. Wheat and products and Meat are the most demanded food for human. For providing the meat, we need to produce animals for meat products. This animals such as goat, pig, hens required wheat and products for feeding.

In this study, we concentrate on consumption of wheat and products for human and for animals. Many authors studied the chemical properties of wheat and products including Hashimoto, et al. (1998), Bonafaccia,et al. (2000), Kohler and Palter (1967), Zook et al.  (1970), Simonato et al. (2001).

Gooding and Davies (1997) explained the wheat production and its utilization. Garde et al. (2002) studied the lactic acid production from wheat.

Research Question:

We have mainly focused on the following question:

1. How much wheat and products (food) consumed?
2. How much wheat and products (feed) consumed?

• Which countries or territory consume more wheat and products (food)?

1. Which countries or territory consume more wheat and products (feed)?
2. What is consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg) for the year 2013?
3. What is consumption of wheat and products according to the population density for the year 2013?

• What will be the total wheat and products consumption for the 2050?

Data Collection:

We have collected the data from The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.  (Data Collection Website: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home). FAO gives the free access for the data of 245 countries and territories starting from 1961 to 2013. This data includes 115 items for feed and food whichever applicable. Feed and food can refereed as follows:

Feed : Quantity of feed available for feeding the animals and

Food : Total amount of food available for human.

We have also used population total and population density collected from https://www.worldbank.org/. We consider wheat product for our study.  Following Table 1 shows the total consumption of wheat and products (food and feed) for some selected years.

From Table 1, we claim that there is 769% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013 whereas there is 269% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013. We can observed there is increasing trend for the consumption of wheat and products.

Table 1: Total consumption of Wheat and products (food and feed) (1000 tonnes) for some selected years

Year	Feed	Food	Total
1961	14914	123915	138829
1971	35083	166700	201783
1981	36688	246694	283382
1991	55730	324994	380724
2001	110852	416419	527271
2002	106095	416878	522973
2003	89570	414881	504451
2004	109362	418032	527394
2005	111417	420846	532263
2006	109264	428015	537279
2007	99005	430266	529271
2008	129721	432518	562239
2009	122600	434645	557245
2010	106482	443444	549926
2011	132803	445376	578179
2012	128091	448506	576597
2013	129668	457824	587492

In the Table 2 we have reported the top 15 countries in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) according to year 2013 along with consumption of wheat and products (feed) for some selected years. We can see that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (feed), Russian Federation is at second place and France is at the third place. Australia is on the 13^th place for the consumption of wheat and products (feed).

Data Collection

Table 2: First 15 countries of consumption of wheat and products (feed) (1000 tonnes) according to year 2013

Country	1961	1981	2001	2011	2012	2013
Whole World	14914	36688	110852	132803	128091	129668
China, mainland	265	300	5500	26709	25782	26628
Russian Federation		18888	6711	3285	8142
France	2046	5134	11991	7727	7179	7822
Germany	4000	5405	8356	9242	7868	7494
United Kingdom	1495	3490	6626	6268	6807	6632
United States of America	1197	3669	4953	4898	9943	6196
Spain	7	385	4127	5500	5000	5800
Egypt	211	530	1330	4170	3800	4860
Ukraine			4982	6300	4098	4169
Canada	1195	2001	3342	3338	3410	3731
Denmark	90	139	3266	3925	3633	3288
Uzbekistan		102	3065	3454	3274
Australia	111	497	2100	2455	3134	3200
Netherlands	479	490	2461	3362	3000	2900
Poland	782	2735	3950	3600	3129	2600

In the Table 3 we have reported the top 15 countries in the consumption of wheat and products (food) according to year 2013 along with consumption of wheat and products (food) for some selected years. We can see that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (food), India is at second place and United States of America is at the third place.

Table 3: First 15 countries of consumption of wheat and products (food) (1000 tonnes) according to year 2013

Country	1961	1981	2001	2011	2012	2013
Whole World	123915	246694	416419	445376	448506	457824
China, mainland	13615	63108	93365	86750	87212	87783
India	12779	32577	65905	71867	70589	75833
United States of America	13439	16223	24947	25050	25757	25742
Pakistan	4201	9098	16916	20048	20473	20696
Russian Federation			19425	18680	19178	18710
Turkey	4940	9463	13806	12675	12627	12736
Egypt	2381	6471	9682	11585	11791	12048
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	2344	5956	11959	11515	11716	11873
Brazil	2250	5902	8743	10528	10387	10620
Italy	8176	9345	8695	8805	8906	8927
Algeria	1214	3346	5928	6983	7179	7270
France	5867	5176	5852	6765	6984	6971
Germany	4077	5383	6653	7204	6712	6900
Indonesia	150	1337	3348	5715	6334	6360
United Kingdom	5479	4550	5478	6074	6145	6251

In the following graphical representation, we have presented consumption of wheat product (food and feed) area wise obtained from IBM Watson Analytics. This dashboard are useful for viewing the consumption of meat product over the world.

From Figure 1 and Figure 2 we can see that consumption of wheat and products is higher in China. Darker blue shows the consumption higher whereas lighter blue shows low consumption for Figure 1 and Figure 2.

In the next part, we shows consumption of wheat product per capita (in kg) and0 consumption of meat product according to density.  In Figure 3, we shows the bubble diagram for consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita in the year 2013.

In Table 3, we represented top 15 countries of the consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita. Azerbaijan consume 222.2623 Kg per person whereas Tunisia consume 197.1936 Kg per person.

Table 3: First 15 countries of consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita (in kg) in year 2013

Country	Wheat Product (Food) Consumption per Capita (in kg)
Azerbaijan	222.2623
Tunisia	197.1936
Algeria	189.6263
Georgia	187.7648
Turkmenistan	184.4854
Morocco	175.3744
Turkey	168.0492
Uzbekistan	162.2513
Afghanistan	154.2622
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	153.3278
Albania	151.9814
Italy	148.2055
Romania	146.4194
Malta	141.7187
Serbia	140.5613

In Table 4, we represented top 15 countries of the consumption of wheat and products (food) according to population density. Russian federation consume 2135.1671 (1000 tonnes) per Km² whereas Canada consume 773.2196 (1000 tonnes), United States of America consumes 744.6845 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food). Australia consume 546 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food) per Km².

Table 4: First 15 countries of consumption of wheat and products (food) according to population density in year 2013

Country	Wheat Product (Food) Consumption According to Density (in 1000 tonnes)
Russian Federation	2135.1671
Canada	773.2196
United States of America	744.6845
China	618.2312
Australia	545.9880
Algeria	451.6406
Brazil	438.5359
Argentina	274.8918
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	249.7342
Kazakhstan	240.5682
Mongolia	191.6834
Saudi Arabia	185.1443
India	176.3433
Egypt	133.5433
Turkey	129.3357

In the Figure 5, we can observe the inequality of wheat and products (food) consumption per capita by observing the frequency distribution of wheat and products (food) consumption per capita (in kg).  We can see that the distribution of consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita (in Kg) is right skewed suggest that there is inequality in the wheat and products (food) consumption per capita.

Table 1: Total consumption of Wheat and products (food and feed) (1000 tonnes) for some selected years

We analyzed the consumption of wheat and products (food) (food) per capita (in Kg) by time series analysis for the whole world. We used recent 13 years data for the analysis given in the following Table 7.

Table 7: Consumption of meat (food) per capita (in Kg) for whole world starting from year 2001 to year 2013.

Year	Consumption of Wheat Products (in 1000 tonnes)	Population (2013)	Consumption of Wheat Products per Capita (in Kg)
2001	416419	6201340848	67.150
2002	416878	6280531847	66.376
2003	414881	6359901308	65.234
2004	418032	6439827446	64.914
2005	420846	6520301437	64.544
2006	428015	6601480650	64.836
2007	430266	6683228246	64.380
2008	432518	6766302523	63.922
2009	434645	6849573246	63.456
2010	443444	6932880892	63.962
2011	445376	7014998805	63.489
2012	448506	7099548883	63.174
2013	457824	7185078354	63.719

One can see the downward trend in consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg) for whole world. So we tried to fit the linear trend to the data of consumption of meat per capita (in Kg). Firstly we plot the data in Figure 5.

From the Figure 6, we say that R² of the model fitting is 81.9% which is pretty well suggest that model fitting is adequate.  We found that fitted straight line equation for the consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg) is

Consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg) = 610.64 – 0.2721 × Year

From observing the slope of the fitted line we can say that as year increases consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg) decreases. Each new year bring the 0.2721 Kg decrement in consumption of wheat and products. We forecasted the wheat and products consumption per capita (in Kg) for the year 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050.

Table 8: Forecasted wheat and products consumption per capita (in Kg)  for the year 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050

Year	Consumption of wheat and products per capita (in Kg)
2020	60.998
2030	58.277
2040	55.556
2050	52.835

By the year 2020, world will consume 60.998 Kg per person wheat and products which is decreases to 52.835 Kg per person in the year 2050. This will be the combined effect of change in population and change in eating habits. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report, world population will be 9.7 billion in the year 2050. So we need to produce 52.835 (Kg)  × 9.7 billion = 522499 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products to satisfy the need of meat products consumption for the world in 2050.

Conclusion

1. We claim that there is 769% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013 whereas there is 269% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013. We can observed there is increasing trend for the consumption of wheat and products.
2. We observed that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (feed), Russian Federation is at second place and France is at the third place. Australia is on the 13th place for the consumption of wheat and products (feed).

• We can see that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (food), India is at second place and United States of America is at the third place.

1. Azerbaijan consume 222.2623 Kg per person whereas Tunisia consume 197.1936 Kg per person.
2. Russian federation consume 2135.1671 (1000 tonnes) per Km²whereas Canada consume 773.2196 (1000 tonnes), United States of America consumes 744.6845 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food). Australia consume 546 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food) per Km².
3. We can see that the distribution of consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita (in Kg) is right skewed suggest that there is inequality in the wheat and products (food) consumption per capita.

• By the year 2020, world will consume 60.998 Kg per person wheat and products which is decreases to 52.835 Kg per person in the year 2050. This will be the combined effect of change in population and change in eating habits. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report, world population will be 9.7 billion in the year 2050. So we need to produce 52.835 (Kg)  × 9.7 billion = 522499 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products to satisfy the need of meat products consumption for the world in 2050.

From above data analytics study, here we have given some recommendations for the CEO are made in terms of wheat and products (food and feed). These recommendations are given as below:

We claim that there is 769% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013 whereas there is 269% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013. We need to concentrate of wheat and products for feed than food. 

Table 2: First 15 countries of consumption of wheat and products (feed) (1000 tonnes) according to year 2013

Azerbaijan consume 222.2623 Kg per person whereas Tunisia consume 197.1936 Kg per person. We need to provide more wheat and products to the high per capita consumption (in Kg)

• We observed that there is downward trend in consumption of wheat and products per capita over the world suggest that people habits or pattern changing over the time.

With regarding the data analytics for the wheat and products (food and feed), this study revealed some facts which may be useful for some course of action. The finding are listed below:

1. We claim that there is 769% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013 whereas there is 269% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013. We can observed there is increasing trend for the consumption of wheat and products.
2. We observed that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (feed), Russian Federation is at second place and France is at the third place. Australia is on the 13th place for the consumption of wheat and products (feed).

• We can see that China, mainland is on the top for the consumption of wheat and products (food), India is at second place and United States of America is at the third place.

1. Azerbaijan consume 222.2623 Kg per person whereas Tunisia consume 197.1936 Kg per person.
2. Russian federation consume 2135.1671 (1000 tonnes) per Km²whereas Canada consume 773.2196 (1000 tonnes), United States of America consumes 744.6845 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food). Australia consume 546 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products (food) per Km².
3. We can see that the distribution of consumption of wheat and products (food) per capita (in Kg) is right skewed suggest that there is inequality in the wheat and products (food) consumption per capita.

• By the year 2020, world will consume 60.998 Kg per person wheat and products which is decreases to 52.835 Kg per person in the year 2050. This will be the combined effect of change in population and change in eating habits. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report, world population will be 9.7 billion in the year 2050. So we need to produce 52.835 (Kg)  × 9.7 billion = 522499 (1000 tonnes) wheat and products to satisfy the need of meat products consumption for the world in 2050.

Some of the recommendations based on this study are summarized as below:

We claim that there is 769% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013 whereas there is 269% increase in the consumption of wheat and products (feed) from 1961 to 2013. We need to concentrate of wheat and products for feed than food. 

Azerbaijan consume 222.2623 Kg per person whereas Tunisia consume 197.1936 Kg per person. We need to provide more wheat and products to the high per capita consumption (in Kg)

• We observed that there is downward trend in consumption of wheat and products per capita over the world suggest that people habits or pattern changing over the time.

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