Discuss about the Contemporary Accounting for TFV Concept.
Nowadays, the true & fair view is an important accounting standard. The word accounting standard enhances the importance of the TFV concept automatically. The main reason behind it is that accounting standards are major part of the corporate reporting frameworks; and such frameworks are completely followed by the Companies acts or laws. Along with this, the TFV concept does not have any statutory definition; but it has its own importance in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and UK GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). These international accounting standards make the true & fair view legal as well as reliable. Moreover, the concept of TFV has authoritative statements that are written by British Judges named as Lord Hoffmann and Dame Mary Arden. In view of that, it has become a central part of the accounting, financial and auditing practices of the business organizations. In addition to this, in this research paper, a literature review is conducted to explain the history as well as historical purpose of the true & fair view. Additionally, the literature review would also be beneficial to portray the extent to which the regulatory environment for financial reporting of Australia supports the true & fair view.
In the views of Nobes & Parker (1991), the concept of TFV does not have any legal meaning and definition. But, it has legal opinions and judgments as well. Along with this, the authors’ further state that the true & fair view is a conception that we all hold in common, and therefore, it is not a subject for debate to people. Moreover, the origin and history of the true & fair view is still a matter of discussion. The main reason behind it is that, there is an absence of specific acts or laws those may portray the origin as well as history of the TFV concept in a clear way. On the other hand, according to the FRC (Financial Reporting Council), the true & fair view originated from the legal opinions & authoritative statements of the British Judges Lord Hoffmann and Dame Mary Arden. They put their opinions regarding the TFV concept in 1983 and 1984 (Nobes & Parker, 1991). As a consequence, it can be considered as an important accounting standard that plays a critical role to improve the accuracy of the financial and audit reports of the business organizations.
In addition to this, Chambers & Wolnize (1991) state that, the TFV concept was originated earlier in eighteenth century. According to the authors, the origin of the TFV concept is expected in the Companies acts of 1844 and 1856 as well. Along with this, the authors say that the true & fair view was developed to measure actual valuation of assets. According to the TFV concept, business organizations were obliged to consider the up-to-date prices in order to estimate the correct value of the assets. Moreover, the occurrence of the TFV concept is related to the accuracy of the financial statements of the business organizations. The authors further state that, the concept of true & fair view is also originated from the UK Joint Stock Companies Act, 1844. Under this act, the directors of the business associations are obliged to portray a true & fair view in the financial statements, ledger books, and balance sheets of the companies (Chambers & Wolnizer, 1991). So, the concept of TFV is a legal concept. It is followed by most of the business firms to demonstrate transparency as well as accurateness in the financial statements of the businesses.
On the other hand, in the words of Deegan, Kent & Lin (1994), the true & fair view is an accounting standard. It is related to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and UK Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). In UK, most of the companies has adopted and implement the true & fair view to portray intelligibility, reliability, and exactness in their financial statements, and financial reporting as well. Along with this, under the Companies Act 2006, the financial directors of the business associations are require to make obvious true and fair view in their financial functions as well as auditing practices. They are legally bound to ensure that the financial reports of the businesses are competent to provide a true & fair view in an effectual and a more comprehensive manner (Deegan, Kent, & Lin, 1994). Moreover, the financial experts of the business firms are conscientious to make sure that the financial statements and audit reports of the businesses are compliant with the pre-determined accounting standards.
In addition to this, according to the authors Caroline & Ann (2008), the true & fair view was invented in Great Britain in the year 1844. There are numerous historical purposes those brought the concept of TFV earlier in the eighteenth century. For case, the major purpose of the TFV concept is to fulfill the conditions of true & fair in the financial reports and balance sheets of the companies. The authors further state that, the other purpose of TFV concept is to eradicate the errors and misstatements that may occur in the financial statements, ledger books, and audit reports of the businesses. Moreover, it aims to develop an effectual relationship between internal accounting and external accounting to understand all the major aspects related to accounting and finance in an accurate manner (Caroline & Ann, 2008). On the whole, the historical purpose of TFV concept is to exemplify a true & fair in the financial reports; and also to maintain accurateness, clearness, and trustworthiness in the financial statements as well as balance sheets of the business organizations.
In the same manner, Vladu, Mati & Salas (2012) state that, the TFV concept is a vibrant concept that has authoritative judgments of the judges. It is a part of English law. The authors affirm that it initiated from the generally accepted accounting principles. The purpose of the TFV concept is to make certain that the financial reports as well as financial statements prepared by the business firms are able to fulfill all the requirements and conditions of the international accounting standards. Moreover, it aims to demonstrate a true & fair view in the accounting practices, accounting functions, ledger books, finance & audit report of the businesses (Vladu, Matis, & Salas, 2012). In this way, the different opinions of the different authors make it a part of the Companies act. Moreover, to show transparency and accuracy in the financial & auditing practices, financial reports, and financial statements cab be considered a major historical purpose of the TFV concept.
Currently, the true & fair view has been implemented by most of the nations. But, the adoption as well as implementation of the true & fair view is still a major subject of contest in most of the nations. Business organizations do not so much focus on the concept of TFV. It is because of it does not have any official definitions as well as provisions in the constitution. But, the other fact is that, at present times, the TFV concept is accepted by most of the business organizations. They believe that it has legal opinions as well as judgments and; therefore it is a part of legislation (Walton, 1993). Along with this, the TFV is an integral part of the IFRS (International Financial Accounting Standards) and GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). In view of that, it has become an important accounting standard. So, the popularity of the true and fair view is increasing on the regular basis.
On the other hand, in the words of Nobes & Parker (1991), the true & fair view is not a subject of discussion. It is a general term that is used by the people in their daily life regularly. In the context of Australia, the TFV concept can be considered a required accounting standard in order to improve the transparency and accuracy of the financial statements as well as balance sheets of the business corporations. Along with this, the Australian regulatory for financial reporting provides support to true & fair view within nation. The main reason behind it is that the TFV concept came in subsistence with the continuation of the Victorian Companies Act 1890 (Nobes & Parker, 1991). Moreover, according to the FRC (Financial Reporting Council), the Australian business associations are compelled to depict true & fair picture of the financial statements of the business associations.
In addition to this, according to Deegan, Kent & Lin (1994), recently, the recognition of the TFV concept is increasing in the Australian business corporations. The Australian regulatory is providing support to the true & fair view; so they the corporations may fulfill their financial obligations in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, the Australian Securities Commission (ASC) affirms that the concept of TFV is a basic component of the Australian financial reporting as well as auditing. True & fair view is a fundamental part of the Corporations Act. According to the Corporations Act (Section 297), the business corporations are obliged to build true & fair financial statements; and to show accuracy in the financial statements of the businesses (Deegan, Kent, & Lin, 1994). Moreover, as stated in the section 297, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting provides guidelines to business associations; so they may depict a true & fair view in the financial and audit reports of the organizations.
In the same manner, in the words of Kilgore, Leahy & Mitchell (1999), the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting is strict about the adoption and implementation of accounting standards in the accounting practices of the businesses. It focuses on the true & fair view as accounting standard. According to the Australian regulatory environment, the TFV concept is an element of the IFRS and UK GAAP. As an accounting standard, the true & fair view is competent to fulfill the criterion that is determined by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) (Kilgore, Leahy, & Mitchell, 1999). Along with this, the Australian regulatory distinguishes the TFV concept from three aspects. The first one is that it is an advanced accounting standard. The second is that the TFV concept performs in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the third one is that it is useful to predict inconsistent prospects that legislations of nations do not cover. In view of that, the TFV concept becomes a legal concept in the eyes of business organizations.
On the other hand, Nobes & Parker (1991) state that, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting give support to the concept of TFV. According to the regulatory authority, the business organizations are legally obliged to show a true & fair view in their financial reports to fulfill the general purposes related to the field of accounting. Along with this, the TFV concept is everlasting; and changes in the accounting framework do not influence the true & fair in a negative manner. It is a key part of the IFRS as well as GAAP. In other words, it also can be said that, the TFV concept is very much similar to the accounting standards (Nobes & Parker, 1991). Moreover, the Australian regulatory environment considered the TFV concept as a fundamental requirement of Australian corporate reporting. On the whole, the Australian business firms are obliged to show a true & fair view about the financial performance as well as position of the businesses. The Australian regulatory environment is fully in the favor of the true & fair view to improve the transparency as well as truthfulness in the financial statements and finance & audit reports of the companies.
Apart from this, in the views of Karan (2002), the true & fair view is not a new concept for the Australian organizations. It has been in the companies’ legislation from the time when the Victorian Companies Act of 1890. This thing shows that the Australian regulatory is providing support to the concept of TFV since eighteenth century. Along with this, under the section 296, the Corporations Act 2001 makes the TFV concept mandatory for the business associations. The statutory provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 affirm that the TFV concept overrides the material errors as well as misstatements to improve the accuracy of the financial statements of the business organizations in an effectual and a significant manner (Karan, 2002). In view of that, it can be said that, the concept of TFV is a popular concept in the area of financial reporting. It plays a significant role to improve the efficiency of the financial statements and balance sheets of the businesses. As a consequence, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting fully supports to the notion of TFV.
Conclusion
On the basis of the above analysis, it can be concluded that, the true & fair view is originated in the eighteen century. The TFV concept does not have legal definition. But, it is popular in all over the world. Along with this, it is also observed that, the historical purpose of the TFV concept is to reduce errors and to improve the accuracy of the financial statements of the organizations. Moreover, it is similar to accounting standard. In view of that, the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting is completely in the favor of the true & fair view.
Caroline, J., & Ann, S. (2008). A true and fair view: harmonization of the accounting. European Journal of Management , 8 (2).
Chambers, R. J., & Wolnizer, P. W. (1991). A true and fair view of position and results: the historical background. Accounting, Business & Financial History , 1 (2), 197-214.
Deegan, C., Kent, P., & Lin, C. J. (1994). The True And Fair View: A Study Of Australian Auditors ‘Application Of the Concept. Australian Accounting Review , 4 (7), 2-12.
Karan, R. (2002). Irreconcilable Legal and Accounting Views of ‘A True and Fair View’: An Emerging Alternative from Australian Reforms. Journal of Law and Financial Management , 1 (1), 44-52.
Kilgore, A., Leahy, S., & Mitchell, G. (1999). The true and fair view concept: evidence from Australia . Asian Review of Accounting , 7 (1), 96-111.
Nobes, C. W., & Parker, R. H. (1991). ‘True and Fair’: a survey of UK financial directors. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting , 18 (3), 359-375.
Vladu, A. B., Matis, D., & Salas, O. A. (2012). True and fair view and creative accounting conceptual delimitations based on Papineau’s tree methodology. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica , 14 (1), 104.
Walton, P. (1993). Introduction: the true and fair view in British accounting. European Accounting Review , 2 (1), 49-58.
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