Contemporary Decision Making For Housing Problem In Namibia

Background

Discuss about the Contemporary Decision Making for Housing Problem in Namibia.

The report discusses about the problems that arises in the housing policies and mapping them with the economic, environmental, health and social problems. A wide range of policy of housing and stakeholder’s analysis is done to find the problems and learn about them. There are many complexities associated with the housing, the house have a great deal of importance to the peoples life (Mulliner, Smallbone and Maliene 2013). There are many policies developed for housing and a wide range of agents can affect the changes of house and the policy might fail sometimes because there are limitation in understanding the policies and implementation in the right field.

These incorporate the less income of the country and distribution of the income in the country is skewed and thus it results in a larger part of the population living in poverty. The people needs to enhance housing moderateness; utilizing housing development and the real estate business sector to animate financial development; and diminishing wellbeing disparities through housing mediations (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). Thus the new contemporary decision making approach is applied on the housing and research is done on the policies of equity, health and sustainability to integrate the quantitative and qualitative knowledge. The report discusses about understanding the complex system that links the housing, health and energy altogether and identifying their impact.

There is a huge rise in price of the raw materials required for building the house and thus the overall cost of housing also increases. The increase in the price is analyzed using a system dynamic approach and is used in the multiple levels of pricing policy of housing. The market of real estate is much complex compared to any other market and the proper analysis is done on the supply of money, price of the construction material, liquidity, etc. The houses are a major source of emission of CFC gas and effective policies can be applied for the reduction of this emission. Policies can also be applied for finding alternative sources of energy and efficiently manage the GHG emission (Sidle et al. 2013). There are many complexities in the life of the people and there are agents who are responsible for the changing the house and making it an important area for the resistance of policy (Humphrey 2014). There are many other problems related to housing such as the rise in cost of the lands, labor and specializations. The applied policy can be may have limitation to reach the objective or fail to obtain desired outcome because there are complex system of implementation. Cost is also an important factor for the designing the housing and maintaining the complex relationship with the public health issues. There are separate agenda of de-carbonization and different sector of the government are working to achieve the goal for housing (Jacobs and Manzi 2013). It includes the cost of the land and the demand of the raw materials is also increasing and the suppliers face a lot of problem in managing the system.

Principal Findings

New technique can be applied for decision making in housing. Research has been done or the creation and application of different policies for health, sustainability and equity and integrate them with the collaborative process of learning. Alternative policies can be designed and the system is described and converted to different levels. The system dynamic model has tools that can be used to study the complex factor in the system and helps in the dynamic modeling of the system. 

The housing prices are affected by two different factors and they are divided in two categories such as macro and micro. The macro factor affects the monetary policy and their roles in the housing policy. To find the inflation of the housing market the rates of the market are analyzed and the shares of the factors affecting the housing inflation are calculated. Utilizing participatory framework dynamic modeling a wide scope of industry, strategy, group and scholastic partners in the region of Namibia housing can be combined together. Setting up a prosperity structure for bearing in mind the strategies about housing that joins social, mental, natural, physical and monetary prosperity; cooperatively built up an underlying complex subjective framework elements model made up of seven segments (Kahrik, Leetmaa and Tammaru 2012). It is recognized as a common arrangement of principles in contradiction of which it can be quantified and looked at the future proposed architecture of the housing proposal, paying little respect to the essential goal of those strategies (Bernroider and Schmollerl 2013). Past studies on the utilized framework flow demonstrating to comprehend particular parts of the housing framework, especially markets, development and moderateness. Likewise, there have been different studies which have surveyed a portion of the healthy outcomes of strategies to diminish the green house gas discharge from the house.

The knowledge that is collaborative enabled the Namibian housing policy stakeholders and the architects associated with the plan to move further than the decision making focuses on the objective policy singly e.g: reduction of the carbon footprint and addressing the poverty in fuel (Cornforth and Brown 2013). The CLD or the casual loop diagram is applied for the demonstration of the utility of the contemporary decision making and also revealing the result of its participation. The housing provision, wellbeing and energy is understood as a complex system and it is the first step to identify the effective policy and information is collected according to the support the policy option that needs to be applied (Verschuere and De Corte 2014).  

Limitations

The casual loop diagrams are valid for a limited period of time and they reflect the stakeholder’s knowledge combining it with some literature review. The CLD are designed to demonstrate the current process and the improvements that can be applied for the current practice for decision making of the Namibian housing (Sharma, Mithas and Kankanhalli 2014). Further research work is expected to examine the questioned and concurred connections uniting the finest accessible information and examination, going for a framework that backings replication and investigation choices instead of pointing the expectation.

The application of CLD is discussed and the proposal of the stakeholders in the policy is impended and recommended. The successful de-carbonization of the Namibian housing stocks requires an establishment of the cross government group rapidly such that a meaningful system is developed that have thinking capability (Gauja 2015). The group is suggested to be supported with a committee that advises about the improvement of the policy. The community standards can be strengthened connecting it socially with the stakeholders. A major part of the map gives suggestion for the improvement of the tenure in the rental sector to strengthen the beneficial loop for de-carbonization and wellbeing (Hollihan and Baaske 2015). However there is a possibility that the mixed tenure would lead to an increase in the number of community connection.

The housing prices are rapidly increasing in Namibia and if it is not controlled it would keep on increasing exponentially. Thus there is a need for future exploration regarding the factors affecting the rise in price of housing. The present strength of the housing strategy is utilized for connecting hypothetically the recognized activity in the causal loop diagram. The absence of loop acts as a feedback between the entities that distinguishing the range of energy efficiency in housing (MacDonald and Panayotakis 2016). It was proposed that it requires further examination. The average index of the materials required for construction are required to be calculated and the change in the requirement of the housing policy changes the connection of the feedback loops and permits the strategy designers to monitor the importance of the loops in this casual loop diagram. The casual loop diagram is used to exhibit the energy, land costing and the savings that can be made in the energy to increase the efficiency of the housing (Wilkinson and Langston 2014). The conditions responsible for inflation like the rise in fuel price demand for the increase in the wage of the labor, are also a factor that accounts for the actual inflation. Improvement of generally concurred measurements to depict “quality” as it identifies with both houses and neighborhoods is likewise required.

Implementation of the Research and Policy

The main work in the project is to build a qualitative model for the housing and the evaluation of the participation of SDM and keeping the current model. A combined process is used for the evaluation that has a reflective view of the stakeholders associated with the project (Mesly and Bouchard 2016). The usefulness of house is evaluated assessing the changes in the work policy and considering the changes that takes place in project. The consciousness of the stakeholders and the priorities of the policy of the government is also evaluated in different interval of time. Small pieces of simulation model are used for the disputed relationship that is tested in a earning environment (Sharifi and Murayama 2013). The simulation model is an effective model for understanding the comparative strength of the feedback loops used in the design and analyzes the behavior to improve the decision making system (Kabir, Sadiq and Tesfamariam 2014). It is an iterative approach of simulation and further refinement is required for the replication of the representative policy that assess the dynamic effect on the policy criteria in future that is shared.

The consequences of the dynamic modeling are brought together and the multi criteria decision making allows the stakeholders to outcome the values more explicitly and weighing the options for policy.   

The system dynamic model is used for the selection of the methodology and involves it in the industry, academic, community and stakeholder policy that can explore the effects dynamically on the policy realistically in Namibia (Chaskin, Khare and Joseph 2012). The following characteristics should be consisted to SDM of the complex system.

1. Inclusion of the interacting variables that can change according to time.
2. The key driver of the behavior of the system and the pattern of interaction according to time.
3. The interaction of the different variables is differentiated by strengthening loops that amplifies the system patterns dynamically consisting of balancing and behavior feedback loops (Hill 2016).
4. Gathering of the stock that includes the information of the people, and the material resources and characterize the complexity of the system.
5. The most important component is the time of a complex system and it causes an impact on the change in the variables at different rates and affects the relationship creating long and short term effect on the policy (Kolaja 2015).

A general heuristic for the SDM approach uses the iteration that moves the desired outcomes for understanding the problems relating to the outcomes, development of the dynamic model of simulation, qualitative representation of the structure of the system, policy design and experimentation of the scenario (Standing 2014).   

We drew closer a sum of 52 associations and offices. More than 50 partners were enlisted, speaking to 37 associations. These contains 6 national government offices; 5 delegates as of neighborhood government; a gathering of 6 minority background of housing pioneers (group of back ground team); 14 non-government associations, 5 industry associations; and 8 scholarly organizations. A few stakeholders consist of more than one segment. Distinctive individuals from the partner gathering were spoken to amid the meeting stage and at the workshops (Ahmed 2015). The associations taking an interest at every stages have been recorded to exhibit the cooperation level and changing the members after a time interval.

Problem Statement

To identify and enroll the minority background housing activists there was a need of sustained effort for a greater amount of time. The gathering of 6 members met up taking after the principal workshop. We met 33 members crosswise over nationwide and nearby administration, construction, non-governmental associations, housing ventures and scholastic exploration. Among them 26 of the stakeholders worked in the primary workshop and a covering group of 26 who took an interest in the second workshop. In the middle of the two littler gatherings were met to pick up the particular contribution of the group roots bunch, which was gone to by six and five individuals, separately.

Ten principle topics were recognized as an aftereffect of the topical examination. These are portrayed, alongside their sub-subjects, in Table 1, which additionally depicts how frequently these topics were distinguished over every one of the meetings (“commonness”) (Stewart 2015). The subjects secured parts of the physical way of houses; and describes the activities of the house that are assembled to create groups and with regards to other area utilizes; the connections amongst housing and more extensive frameworks, for example, demographics, property, urban arranging and work markets; and the impact of these on the members developments of prosperity as a thought (Duke and Thom 2014). The most normally and profoundly talked about topic identified with impacts on the vitality proficiency of houses. The strength of this topic mirrors the present Namibian arrangement that concentrates on housing, and maybe obvious given the members’ learning about the provenance of the examination (Kabir, Sadiq and Tesfamariam 2014). More astounding is the significance of the members set on neighborhoods and social prosperity, which is the second most usually examined topic from the meetings.

Figure 1: Summary of model development process

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Figure 2: Overview of the themes used in organizing the house, energy and wellbeing

(Source: Created by author)

Figure 3: Community connection and the physical quality of neighborhoods

(Source: Created by author)

The above casual loop diagrams represents the interaction between the variables that shows the analyses trend in the housing systems. The variables acts as a level for the measurement in respect to time while some of them also act as rates that affect the system. The connection between the variables are done using arrow or causal link and they combine to form a feedback loop. The feedback loops can be clockwise or anticlockwise, the clock wise loops are used to represent the effect on the system and how it would respond according to the time. The clock wise loop can reinforce the system and are named R and the anti-clock wise loops are used to balance the system and reduce the effect in respect to time and they are named B.   

R1: It is the physical quality that makes the peoples staying in the house

R2: Actions and connections

R3: Empowerment of the community

R4: Improvement of the housing and helping the people to stay

B1: Bonding unhelpful

B2: Prejudice on undermine community organization

Conclusion

We have built up a far reaching framework model connecting housing, strength and poverty of the Namibian people to afford the housing. The system dynamic model is used to analyze the housing market in Namibia. Gathering different data of the Namibian market it can be concluded that high subsidies of the government are resulting in the increase in the price of the houses. But it does not effect on the increase in the nominal wage of the local workers and that leads to the decrease in the real wage. Thus it is recommended that the subsidies provided to the real estate developers should be decreased in the upcoming years to keep down the inflation and decrease the pricing of the house such that the people can afford it. Besides, the convenience of participatory SDM is discussed in the report and a communitarian learning procedure to encourage enhanced policymaking for housing. It can also coordinate a wide scope of results crosswise over prosperity, social and wellbeing value, and ecological manageability. Further work is expected to accept the model, incorporate renovations to investigate future strategy alternatives and join SDM with other arrangement evaluation instruments, and additionally techniques to encourage shifts in the applied systems supporting approach, that would be essential for more beneficial more economical housing.

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