Before proceeding to the crime scene, especially under the given circumstances, the officers might consider factors such as if the woman was injured and needed immediate medical treatment or whether she died or was she murdered; and if she was murdered whether the criminal is still hiding and could cause injury to any other person. The officers who arrive at the crime scene must be cautious and organized, before they arrive at the crime scene. The officers must ensure that the crime scene is secured and that the evidences are well preserved, and the physical evidence must not be tampered or disturbed. The police may also take into consideration of the fact that whether there is more than one person or a group that might have caused injury to the woman and might cause further injury to other persons
1.2.1
From the perspective of the prosecutor and the Defense Counsel, the DNA profiling of the blood stains would be of great use and vital evidence which would assist in the investigation process. Further, there were blood-stains all over the kitchen, Bedroom, living room and on the front screen of the iPhone. The DNA profiling of all these blood stains that was found when the police officers arrived at the crime scene would be useful in the investigation process.
Further, when the laptop was powered on, a Skype session was going on; there were blood stains on the front screen of the iphone and the power status was unknown; an USB thumb drive was found inserted to the back of the TV which was believed to have Internet-ready functions. Hence the investigating officers might follow the onsite considerations to obtain, if not complete, but certain amount of information. The examiner may:
The investigation officers may apply the statutory provisions of the Federal statutes in case of any possible concerns related to the digital evidences such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act 1986; the Cable Communications Policy Act and /or the Privacy Protection Act 1980.
The Investigating officers may conduct forensic toxicology which would enable them to understand whether there was measurement of alcohol, drugs and other toxic substances in the biological specimens which is blood stains in the given case scenario. Furthermore, the preliminary on-scene findings included physical evidences such as a broken crystal statue, small crystal fragments, one broom, cushion pillow, kitchen glove, black handbag, white blouse, pail. These are physical evidences and these cannot falsely testify itself, hence cannot be wrong. According to Locard’s principle every contact leaves a trace. Whatever the guilty person touches, or leaves even, unconsciously will serves as silent witness against him/her. It may be the fibers from the white blouse, the broken crystal statue, and the gloves in the kitchen or the blood that is found at the crime scene.
1.2.2.
The evidences that are found in the crime scene are all vital to the case. The USB inserted at the back of the TV and the Skype chat session on the laptop would provide useful information with respect to the commission of the crime. With the help of technology in the field of forensic science, it has become extremely convenient for the investigating officers to identify the criminal and facilitate the victim to obtain justice. In this given case scenario, the use of DNA profiling, data analysis, fingerprints identification, analyzing existence of drugs and alcohol are some of the forensic technologies that would assist in the investigation process.
The pillows, fibers and blood stain on the blouse, the kitchen gloves, broom, newspaper are some of the vital physical evidences from which fingerprints could be determined. These physical evidences are related to the crime and may assist in revealing any information about identification of the suspect and links between the victim and suspect/scene.
1.3.1.
The blood trails found in the living room, Bedroom, kitchen, white blouse and on the front screen of the iphone could be the possible source of DNA evidence found at the scene.
1.3.2.
The physical evidences that would be useful in solving the case are the cushion pillow, the white blouse, the iphone, the USB inserted at the back of the TV, the laptop, the broken crystal statue and the small fragments of the crystal statue. These physical evidences shall be given for the forensic examination as these would have traces of the person who has touched or used them.
1.3.3.
An advanced method of enhancing the finger mark would be the method of Ridgeology which is an advanced method of identifying ridge on scientific procedures and principles. This is an advanced method of forensic identification science that is associated with all of the ridges on the volar areas and is not confined to finger tips as is usually followed in fingerprints identification. The Ridgeology of the finger mark enables the investigating officer to establish the fact that a criminal activity had occurred.
1.4.
Firstly, the investigating officers arrive at the crime scene must be methodical and ensure that the crime scene is secured and the evidences at the crime scene are preserved to prevent it from being contaminated. The officers must identify all probable hazards that may cause injury to any team members or the individuals. Secondly, the investigation process shall include documenting and Evaluating the Scene where the investigators conducts walkthrough with a view to identify threats to the integrity of the scene and safeguard physical evidence.
Thirdly, the investigating process involves processing the scene where the investigators controls contamination and document the scene by way of photography, video, and sketches. The investigators must prioritize evidence collection in order to prevent destruction, loss or contamination. Lastly, the completing and recording the scene involves the last investigation procedure. The law enforcement personnel who are involved in the crime scene debriefing to share information with respect to the scene findings and ensure that the investigation is complete. Further, the investigator shall ensure that the documentation of the evidence is properly recorded to be presented before the court.
2.1.
The officers must ensure that the crime scene is secured and that the evidences are well preserved, and the physical evidence must not be tampered or disturbed. The securing of the crime scene is vital to any investigation process otherwise it may lead to the loss of several evidences that could be vital to identify the criminal. The police may also take into consideration of the fact that whether there is more than one person or a group that might have caused injury to the woman and might cause further injury to other persons.
2.2.1.
The crime scene must be secured by the investigation officers once they arrive at the crime scene. Securing the crime scene is an integral part of the investigation process as it prevents the evidences from being contaminated and prevents outsiders from entering into the crime scene and contaminate the evidences. Further, there may be other hazards existing surrounding the crime scene that may cause injury to the investigating team and the other individuals which may lead to a loss of vital evidences as well.
2.2.2.
There are broken crystal statues all over the place which might injure any team member if they are not cautious around the crime scene. Further, the criminal might be hiding in the premises of the house and might attack any of the members. The blood trails in the kitchen, bedroom, and living room, on the white blouse and on the front screen of the iphone are some of the potential evidences from the crime scene.
2.2.3.
The digital evidence include the Skype Session on the laptop, iphone and USB connected at the back of the TV. The data integrity must be maintained at every stage of investigation process. The digital evidences should be documented accordingly to establish its authenticity and commence the chain of custody. An internal digital forensic expert in the investigation team is useful in several ways, especially under circumstances where it becomes important to retrieve data from any hard drives, in case it fails. The investigating team must apply the rules and laws stipulated under the statutes enacted to provide assistance with respect to any digital related concerns such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act 1986; the Cable Communications Policy Act and /or the Privacy Protection Act 1980. The Investigating officers may also apply the provisions stipulated by the state statutes and the local laws and policies.
2.2.4.
Documentation of the physical scene, the location of the computer or other components that are relative to each other and are vital to the case is useful in the investigation process. Documentation may be done through photography, sketches or notes. Photograph of the crime scene would create visual record; notes regarding what appear on the crime scene or on the monitor screen or mobile screen is equally useful. Further, any active programs may require videotaping or even more extensive documentation of the monitor screen of the electric device.
2.2.5.
Photograph exhibits allow a visual permanent record of the crime scene and the evidences collected from therein. It provides the investigating officer with three form of views- views including overall view of the crime scene as much possible, mid-range views portraying the relationships of items and close up view of the evidences collected. The photograph exhibits enables the investigating officers in the analytical process.
2.2.6.
Preserving of the crime scene is by far the most integral part of the investigation process as the entire investigation process depends upon the securing of the scene. The securing of the scene enables the investigators to preserve the evidences material to the case and prevent outsiders, especially, the media people, to enter into the crime scene and tamper with the evidences. An unwanted interference in the crime scene will not only cause loss of material evidences but it would also hinder the investigation process.
References
Buckleton, John S., Jo-Anne Bright, and Duncan Taylor, eds. Forensic DNA evidence interpretation. CRC press, 2016.
Cole, Simon A. “Scandal, Fraud, and the Reform of Forensic Science: The Case of Fingerprint Analysis.” (2016).
Khoo, Lay See, et al. “Secondary identifier for positive identification in DVI.” (2016).
Mason, Stephen, and Daniel Seng. “Electronic evidence.” (2016).
Neumann, Cedric, et al. “presenting quantitative and qualitative information on forensic science Evidence in the courtroom.” Chance 29.1 (2016): 37-43.
Peterson, Joseph L., et al. “Effect of forensic evidence on criminal justice case processing.” Journal of forensic sciences 58.s1 (2013).
Robertson, Bernard, George A. Vignaux, and Charles EH Berger. Interpreting evidence: evaluating forensic science in the courtroom. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
Roux, C. “Trace Evidence Overview.” Materials Analysis in Forensic Science(2016): 19.
Saferstein, Richard. Forensic science: from the crime scene to the crime lab. Pearson, 2015.
Stelfox, Peter. Criminal investigation: An introduction to principles and practice. Routledge, 2013.
Sutton, Raul, Keith Trueman, and Christopher Moran, eds. Crime scene management: scene specific methods. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
Yang, Yaran, Bingbing Xie, and Jiangwei Yan. “Application of next-generation sequencing technology in forensic science.” Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 12.5 (2014): 190-197.
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