The topic underlying this deliberation relates to the deficiencies manifested in practice that has failed the powerful vast positivist research program. The main aim of this analysis is to review critically the article “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research” inscribed by Paul V Dunmore to showcase the impact of insufficiencies in practice in achieving the potential of the powerful wide-ranging positive accounting theory research program. The principal argument in this critique is that with adequate practice in positive accounting theory research program, the potential influential broad positivist research program will be unattainable (Christie 2007).
It is held that the present-day practice in PAT seems extremely unreserved of escalating the scientific purposes. It is furthermore maintained that apart from the discrepancies in practice of accounting, “normal’ science as pronounced by Kuhn presents a foundation and a background anchored on Kuhn’s crisis besides insurgence because it remains probable to release PAT to realize its desirable potential. The assessment adopts the succeeding structure to lavishly seizure the leading argument avowed above.
The 1st subsection stretches the transitory summary of the article by focusing primarily on the foremost argument of this paper. This section will encompass of the article’s aim, overal findings and theoretical argument along with contribution. The 2nd subsection digs bottomless into research question. This subcategory will principally ascertain the research question or hypothesis offered in the article. It will further discuss hypothesis or the research question’s value as acknowledged and explain whether besides how such a hypothesis or research question run from the review of literature (Dunmore 2011).
The third segment stipulates the theoretical framework in which the appreciation and discussion of the framework is featured along with article’s theoretical substance that informed the aspect of this research. In the fourth subsection, a lengthy deliberation of limitation and significance of the article is presented. Literature is used here to converse the shortages of the theory and the methodological tactic espoused. Whether the researcher has respected such dimness and whether the investigator has made deductions admissible studies by the based on the assumed methodology is validated. It is demonstrated whether the acknowledged shortfalls have influenced substance and contribution of the article with respect to the accounting profession based on the findings established vis-à-vis the study method. The last segment delivers a short-lived deduction and summaries the vital facts and highlights their insinuation for this critique.
The underlying article under this critique is the Paul V Dunmore’s “Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research”. It essentially circumvents about the positive accounting theory research program as devised by Zimmerman and Watts. The claim was staked by the duo to the Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) for their given theory. The scholar pursued the scrutiny of the positive methodology to the accounting research.
Paul perceived PAT research program as integral component wide-ranging knowledgeable project of scientific research. This program is sought to fathom besides comprehend the cause and effect association in the indispensable research world. The author has subsequently regarded PAT in the wider perspective of research program that aims at the development of causal amplification of the behavior of human under context of accounting (Volovski et al. 2017).
The scholar has additionally completed an examination of epistemology besides ontology of PAT program. Abundant assessments surrounding statistical hypothesis logic while cursorily corresponding to construction standard of Popper have additionally been documented as mediocre. The scholar has additionally acknowledged that apart from the inclusive PAT program being hypothetically commanding, the deficiencies in practice hinders the realization of the program’s desirable potential (Dunmore 2011).
Paul has further performed an analysis of epistemology alongside ontology of positivist accounting program. Numerous tests encompassing logic of statistical hypothesis whereas superficially equivalent to fabrication standard of Popper have further been recognized as inferior. Paul has further recognized that notwithstanding the comprehensive positivist research program being potentially powerful, the shortages in practice obstructs the apprehension of its jam-packed potential.
The widespread happenstances obstructing the PAT program have also been recognized plus the casual construction of theoretical models that necessitates testing and unwarranted dependence on logic hypothesis testing (Roth, Suldo and Ferron 2017). Absence of interest in numerical value of parameters alongside inadequate simulation to warrant confidence in discovering the acceptance have further been known as common disablements (Dunmore 2011). Utilizing theories as benchmarks for investigating and assessing qualitative data in place of as amplifications for tests is a further communal challenge facing PAT program. The scholar has supplementary considered illustrations from relevant alongside reputable articles for the validation of the arguments presented in the article (Christie 2007).
Paul also reviewed the wider knowledgeable project together with the ontological and epistemological axioms to understand the both the significance as well as inconsistencies of positive accounting study. The review exposed serious absences in the way that positive accounting study is accomplished that obstructs it from enacting meaningful contribution to the wide-ranging project (Kim et al. 2017).
The author portended that the current practice in accounting leaves PAT with substantial ineptness to attain the intended scientific objectives. However, the exuded confident that Kuhn’s enlightenment of the “normal” science skillfully affixes the PAT research (Kim et al. 201). The forecasts of Kuhn’s tale are elucidated in fleeting based on Kuhnian catastrophe alongside rebellion. It is held that such a crux and insurgence is suppressed to unchain the PAT consequently accomplishing its chock-full prospective (Pandey et al. 2017).
Question/Hypothesis
Paul has employed numerous hypotheses together with research questions that and explained that he is never declaring their truth, but rather just exploratory for an “enthusiastic postponement of incredulity” to permit their corresponding discussion. Four hypotheses have been provided by Paul and developed impartially uncertainly, mindful that for numerous of human being, they could have remained imagined disgraceful and immoral and that apparently an inordinate percentage of humanity could endure to discern the same. The list of working hypotheses imagined in a watercourse of intelligent investigation by Paul is given below:
Hypotheses include
Theoretical Framework
Paul assumed a theoretical framework that evolves from a positivist standpoint of a disgruntled hypothetical physicist whose accounting research rests positivist highlighting either model testing or model building. The condemnations of the writer, therefore, devoted the position of an individual discerning that the study scheme is remarkable, nonetheless saddened by the bungling and barren varieties that are presently practiced in accounting. The author uses this insight to instinct both editors besides referees to favor such engagements to nudge the contemporary schemes towards the liberation of PAT research to achieve its desirable prospective.
Paul article’s theoretical substance, therefore, builds on the acknowledgment from the literature review on auditing that serious shortages exist in the contemporary practice in accounting research thereby hampering PAT research program from making a substance influence to the wider project. This is meant to establishing positive accounting research as a well-established social system to donate to the project of scientific research (Fleischman et al. 2017).
The framework is attached on the consciousness that approving findings of Kuhn (1970) research would be hopeless to inspire elites to embrace a more than ever functioning model. Paul furthermore distinguishes a reprieve presented by the information that arose from the study by Fogarty and Markarian in 2007 that hinted at elites’ proportional deportment being waning. Thus, the Paul expected approaching future disaster and the chance for the supposition of a more than ever valuable model.
Paul successively based his argument on providing proposals for actions by editors as well as referees to prod the present systems in the direction of liberating PAT research to hit its full potential. Paul is informed by the recognition that it is important to appreciate the world’s Modus Operandi and afterwards regarded it as an undesirability that the related research watercourse is unproductive and unsuccessful, and, hence he has provided definite proposals for upgrading.
Limitation and Significance
The systematic review of literature on auditing through the qualitative method presumed in this research is attached to sure limitations or inadequacies. A likelihood of carrying forward certain errors and faults made by previous researchers into the contemporary study is high describes one of such restrictions. Additionally, the method limits the construction of novel outcomes since there is no opportunity to gather the primary data in cases where secondary data is utilized which never seizure the variations efficiently.
Another limitation in the theory assumed in this study is the lack of theoretical models that are tremendously specified and, therefore, it is vulnerable to permit thorough testing. Paul has documented these boundaries by signifying the need for healthier theoretical models. This suggestion arises from the backdrop of the emerging sumptuous models from analytical research that are never framed to be testable due to their unsatisfactory development alongside concentration on tractability hinged on concepts that are never meritoriously well-defined theoretically to allow operationalization (Watts and Zimmerman 2012).
The author has additionally documented the nonattendance of healthier measurements to permit demanding theoretical models testing due to failed notions operationalization. The nonexistence of standardized dependable undeviating relationship-focused way to be adopted in each study’ measuring is another limitation admitted. The recurring measurement’s re-invention besides re-estimation of parameters with each sample per study has further been documented as the downside to PAT research from accomplishing its overflowing prospective.
Paul has successfully drawn theoretical inferences from the research which are justifiable methodologically. This is because the precincts have been acknowledged from the systematic review of the previous auditing literature that have in turn molded the basis for proposing enhancements to allow positive research to meet its chockfull potential. For instance, the recommended need for ever-changing focus away from the testing hypotheses towards estimating parameters afterwards being informed by the attentiveness of testing hypothesis from the previous reviewed studies (Pandey et al. 2017).
The limitations have significantly disapprovingly prejudiced the implication of the study while they have concurrently unconditionally hampered the contribution of the article to the accounting practice. This is occasioned by the clumsiness in methodology alongside theories in the article that never availed opportunity that present reliable results, nonetheless the accounting is better moving forward through suggesting commendation that are essential to apprise following research to sanction PAT study to realize its full package.
Conclusion
Paul has unearthed that models which are tremendously specified and, hence, exceptionally defenseless, besides being undertaken extremely as thorough testing subjects are required. Paul has further accredited that unacceptable progress is ongoing in positive accounting research as a straight repercussion of using ad hoc quantitative models which are weakened to mere statements of the expected sign of a linking between two variables (Volovski et al. 2017).
References
Baiman, S., 2010. Agency research in managerial accounting: A second look. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15(4), pp.341-371.
Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), pp.252-284.
Christie, A.A., 2007. On cross-sectional analysis in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(3), pp.231-258.
Dillard, J. and Vinnari, E., 2017. A case study of critique: Critical perspectives on critical accounting. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, pp.88-109.
Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available at SSRN 1955419.
Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research.
Faff, R.W., Carrick, R., Chen, A., Escobar, M., Khong, B.X.M., Nguyen, B.H. and Tunny, W., 2017. Fantasy Pitching III: UQ Summer Research Scholars–the Role of’Money’in the 21st Century.
Fleischman, G.M., Stephenson, T., Walker, K.B. and Cook, K.A., 2017. Factors that Influence Accounting Faculty Career Satisfaction: Comparisons by Program Prestige and Tenure Status. Accounting Horizons.
Franco, A. and Roach, S.S., 2017. Factors That Determine Accounting Anxiety Among Users of English as a Second Language Within an International MBA Program. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 16(1).
Kim, H.J., Min, A., Im, S.A., Jang, H., Lee, K.H., Lau, A., Lee, M., Kim, S., Yang, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, T.Y., 2017. Anti?tumor activity of the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer, 140(1), pp.109-119.
Pandey, S.K., Pandey, S., Breslin, R.A. and Broadus, E.D., 2017. Public Service Motivation Research Program: Key Challenges and Future Prospects.
Roth, R.A., Suldo, S.M. and Ferron, J.M., 2017. Improving Middle School Students’ Subjective Well-Being: Efficacy of a Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention Targeting Small Groups of Youth. School Psychology Review.
Volovski, M., Murillo-Hoyos, J., Saeed, T.U. and Labi, S., 2017. Estimation of Routine Maintenance Expenditures for Highway Pavement Segments: Accounting for Heterogeneity Using Random-Effects Models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, p.04017006.
Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2010. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, pp.131-156.
Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2012. Positive accounting theory.
Williams, P.F., 2009. The logic of positive accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 14(5), pp.455-468.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download