Provide a review of critical management functions and the necessary development of management skills require to deal with managing people in geographically separated locations.
Presently the emergence of globalization and tremendous economic developments, the concept of international trade is characterized as the transfer of the goods and services where it is cheaper in comparison to the other country. Nowadays a huge difference can be traced out between the salaries or wages among the international workers. Although, it seems to be difficult to determine demark the simultaneous differences in the wages paid to the workers internationally. The resistance arising out of the political dimension substantiates the fact that the majority of the workers working at a lower wage are stuck at their home (Collier, 2015). However, if there was a possibility which could have enabled these low wage workers to sell their services across the borders there would have been a completely different scenario. In relation to this situation the researchers have argued that with the rapid evolution of the computing and communication technologies it would be beneficial for the low wage workers to work remotely across the border. Telerobotics is characterized as a technological innovation which had aided to overcome the need of physical presence in a wider range of jobs (Liu, 2018). These are simply robots which can be operated and controlled not only by artificial intelligence but alsi through remote intelligence which signifies a human being operating the robot from faraway. The distinctive feature of remote intelligence is that it possesses the judgmental power and it is quite flexible which provides it with a more disruptive edge in comparison to the artificial intelligence in the context of both the poor as well as rich nations specifically in the short run (van Rossumet al., 2017). The assignment will shed light over the different concepts associated with remote intelligence and its significance in the different business organizations. In the first and foremost section of the report the event of the evolution of telecommuting will be discussed and the increasing trend in the separated and integrated workplace needs will be enlightened. In the rest of the parts it will cover the role of remote intelligence in the modern organizations as well as the benefits and drawbacks of the same. The paper will also elaborate on how the emergence of remote intelligence can risk the jobs of a huge number of workers.
It is a matter of fact that with the passage of time there is a distinct paradigm shift to the telework environment from the normal workplace environment. The rapid developments in the telecommunication technologies as well as the internet coupled with the ever increasing need for information exchange have acted as a major driving force for the businesses to develop a framework which allows the workers to work remotely from a different working environment which is permitted by the firm itself. On the other hand, Kraitsmanet al ., (2016), have alternatively defined telecommuting as a process under which the employees associated with an organization are permitted to work remotely away from the office as per their convenience for one or more days in a week through using a computer or a device that possesses the facilities of telecommunication. Since the start of 1990s it has been observed that there was a drastic rise in the use of telecommuting practices. The researchers have identified the root cause behind this as the rising pressure on the companies for increasing the overall productivity at the lowest possible operational costs.
Telecommuting is sometimes considered as the alternative which can be used against the routine work arrangements where the workers discharge their duties from a specific workplace. However, the routine arrangements of the workplace have also undergone significant changes in the past few years as well. Therefore it can be stated that the firms are now facing rigorous pressure for introducing creative and innovative designs for the corporate workplace which in turn would enable the employees to access the relevant information in an easier way (Leeet al., 2014). The services related to voice and internet in the home of the employees have also made telecommuting an inevitable part of the workplace practices. In this context it can be stated that there are empirical evidences obtained from the studies pertaining to the telecommuting practices which signify that the number of telecommuting practicing firms have increased to 50% in the year 2007 from 25% during 2003 (Casas, 2017). A majority of the telecommunication giants such as Ericson, Yahoo, Telia and vattenfall have incorporate significant efforts in reducing the workspace and has also implemented the concept of flexible workplace. It is quite likely that the telecommuting practices will grow significantly in terms of the intensity provided that the modern day workers are now becoming more concerned about their own security. In such a scenario the rise in the fuel prices may increase the cost of commuting to the employee, however, from the perspective of the employer it would be beneficial and cost effective to reduce the workplace.
There exists a substantial literature base which aims at establishing a relationship between the rise in the level of productivity and the implementation of telecommuting. The telecommuting practices have been depicting a substantial growth since the past two decades in the developed nations, however, the business entities in Africa and West Africa still need to exploit the widespread opportunities of remote working (Zhonget al., 2017). The sudden rise in the telecommuting practices is mainly because of the fact that it effectively allows the employers to reduce the workplace and at the same time implements workplace flexibility. In the context of the employees it empowers the employees and provides them with several other facilities as well. Hence it can be stated that the telecommuting in association with the more separated and networked workplace environment has equipped the business entities to increase their productivity substantially at a minimum operational cost. This signifies the fact that in near future more and more business organizations will opt for adapting the remote working techniques.
The concept of remote work has always been considered as a negligible and smaller part in the employment landscape since ages. However, the rise of internet technologies the opportunities of remote work are now flourishing and certain companies are now communicating directly with the eligible people for working a specific project. A number of businesses are relying on providing a general workplace while some of them are stressing over specified designs. The rise of remote intelligence have now become a great area of interest to the researchers as it is growing fast and enabling not only the freelancers but also the employers to work remotely as well (Ataseveret al., 2016). Hence the technology has provided the employers as well as the employees with a more flexible work environment. Due to this the workers are now demanding fir a more flexible workplace which in turn is giving rise to remote working as through this the organizations are also being able to accrue the best possible person at the least possible organizational cost.
In United States, the male workforce, aged between 18 and 54 years, experienced a major decline in the workforce participation rate over a long period, that is, between 1990 and 2014. This phenomenon can be considered as one of the largest decline among rest of OECD countries related to the workforce participation rate. It was majorly due to outsourcing of the jobs related to manufacturing along with the tremendous expansions in the production techniques that proved the fact that employment in these sectors are not so cost effective (Heet al., 2017). At present, high skilled workers, who are also known as the white-collar employees, have experienced this stress as well. The improving technological efficiency has increased the chances of expelling higher skilled workers from the production process. Thus, it is important to analyze the changing pattern of working environment, as those skilled workers are substituted with robots in most of the profit earning jobs within the society.
On the other side, the activity of removing male blue-collar workers had influenced the society from various aspects. According to a present study, based on using of opioid, the American job market has revealed the fact that decreasing job rate, the mental health of the employees and drug abuse are intricately related (Bansal et al. 2017). Other studies, related to this phenomenon, have revealed the fact that one out of five men, who is not a part of the total workforce, has used opioid pain medication each day. Hence, using excessive consumption of drugs has led the number of deaths to increase further by more than 100 for each day.
The outsourcing and technological progress have never considered as the warning for the white-collar workers in previous years. However, within the service sector, most of the routine jobs have experienced risks due to increase of remote intelligence (Senthilnath et al. 2015). The technological improvements that in turn have induced the use of remote intelligence, have influenced job in the financial sector, where 5500 people have been employed as traders in the New York Stock Exchange in 2000 though after this year, the number of employment has decreased to less than 4500.
At this point of time, most of the high skilled jobs have started to conduct their business activity with the help of machines in the genre of professional services. For automated auditing technology at PwC, the enhancing investment has started to increase at a faster rate. Before this, workers have had trouble to enter within the highly skilled job market due to two chief barriers, which are location and language. However, this consequence has started to change after the development of telepresence and the telerobotic technologies (Sharaf El Dinet al., 2017). According to an economist, it can be said that increase of remote intelligence have helped various companies to hire highly skilled workers in the developing countries from all over the world. This is because the living cost in those developing countries is comparatively low due to the presence of telepresence technologies. This process can be said as an increasing part of the globalization process and has eradicated the simultaneity, which can further protect the high skilled employees that have come from the western countries. Those tele-migrant employees can control machines from other countries for working on business development and business administration (Ignatovet al., 2016).
In addition to this, workers of western countries have experienced threats due to increasing use of telerobotics. The chief reason behind this threat is that robots have become comparatively less expensive and more productive, which indicates that the high skilled jobs can be outsourced. Telesurgery, developed originally by NASA, has collaborated with the army of U.S.A though it was not intended to use based on routine (Kaliappanet al., 2017). Telesurgery has allowed the practitioner to control a person from a distance of 400 k.m and this in turn has helped to develop various aspects that may threaten the jobs of workers from the western countries. Thus, from this phenomenon, it can be said that Western region has become comparatively more dependent on the technological system.
The principle issues regarding remote intelligence are related with certain levels, which are described as below.
At present, most of the people have widely accepted the fact that they have wanted to work from their home so that they cannot communicate or spend time with those people with whom they do not want to make contact. However, the managers have needed to develop some competencies and skills additionally to manage this remote workforce. Hence, managers can experience noticeable challenge to work in those areas. The chief challenge is that if those managers have remained unable to manage workforce, it can further generate lack of work-life balance and this turn can leave the employees to experience that they have been alienated towards their work. Hence, in this context, it can be mentioned that the prior responsibility for a manager related to remote team is to understand about the emotional well-beings of every team member and guide them to achieve success in life (Gan et al. 2015). Within the traditional role of a manager, they are not considered where face-to-face interact may occur at a short period of notice. Hence, at this situation, manager needs to look after carefully the basic needs of his or her each team members.
To manage the remote team, communication is one of the important factors. Chats and text messages are two important media of communication though in this context, these have remained difficult to use for conveying everyone. For instance, the most efficient and skilled employee can be misunderstood in this situation to communicate through this process of instantaneous communication. Thus from this context, it can be said that the manager acquires his fingertips (Taggart et al. 2014). Communications are required to be designed so that the workers can experience that they have possessed importance for the organization and their opinion have enough importance on the business management.
On the contrary, some tools are considered as an integral part of the remote communication while video chat has played an important role among those communications. At the time of direct communication, a report may not help a manger to understand team members about any project and in this situation; a video call can solve this issue within a second.
Certain leadership skills or traits can help the leaders to manage the workforce of remote intelligence. Those skills or traits are discussed as follows:
Adaptive nature and flexibility within the working environment are two very important issues that are required to consider further. For instance, a leader of remote area may require to work for longer hours or may require to attend a meeting during different time zones (Czejdo and Baszun, 2016). Thus, those people with complete dedication and endless energy toward their performance may become a successful remote leader.
To become the best remote managers, they are required to be extra positive, extra pro culture along with extra pro brand. It is required that the successful evangelism has remained sincere when it is required to be transmitted over miles. If the connection that is connected with the company cannot intricate, the leader or manager would be required to share their successful stories of the company that may in turn can strengthen the connection between the people, who work for it with company (Yang et al. 2017).
In addition to this, approachability is other important issue that signifies that the leader or manager need to be friendly and well-behaved so that the followers can further experience comfort to bring news to them without considering the fact that whether the news is bad or good.
The leaders of remote areas are required to be constructive and for these four types of building blocks can be seen. Firstly, the procedure is required to be very meaningful that it can make a true learning curve. Secondly, the workers are required to provide a specific overview regarding the performances that can be commended so that they can repeat the performance easily. Thirdly, workers are required to be caught in the act and lastly, the positive message is required to be clouded within criticism (Piaget and Inhelder, 2015).
Conclusion
At the conclusion, it can be said that the assignment has tried to focus on the various aspects related to the remote intelligence and the way it has been used in the workplace. The paper primarily has analyzed about the telecommunication that is considered as the primitive stage of remote intelligence at present days. It can be observed that increasing pressure of the companies for raising productivity and reducing the operational cost have, in turn, intensified telecommunication. Moreover, the conceptual framework regarding remote intelligence has been formed. The specific traits or skills that are needed by the managers to sustain management of remote intelligence have been explained effectively as well.
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