The nomadic market is enormously increasing and has achieve a scope where some package company can non ignore the demand to lend in it any longer. Planing a native nomadic application entails tonss of resources and this, might impact some of the issues with development and deployment.
At present, there are different nomadic device makers which have different devices and development tools. The chief solution to work out this issue would be to plan a cross-platform application which exist on all nomadic runing systems ( OS ) , as it operates in a some browser and accordingly, can make the major possible figure of end-users.
Keywords
OS ; cross-platform ; User experience ( UX ) ; User Interface ( UI ) ; SDKs ; .
Introduction
Mobile devices are the oncoming train of the hereafter of calculating. Some of the issues when developing a nomadic application is fundamentally how to construct nomadic apps that are applicable to many nomadic devices.
In by and large, there are different nomadic devices today, with different runing systems, such as IOS ( Apple ) , Android ( Samsung, HTC ) , Blackberry OS.
All these devices has one major difference which are the screen sizes and different properties. Users prefers to do usage of any nomadic devices of their pick but everyone it would be astonishing accessing a peculiar nomadic apps on different devices.
Furthermore, developing a nomadic app that runs on different devices requires the cross platform capableness to trade name more nomadic apps accessible to users.
Over the last old ages package companies developed their ain nomadic platform with specific tools and application market ( See Table 1 ) illustrates different nomadic platform, programming linguistic communications, developers environment and application shops.
The competition of Mobile platform has enabled the big and rapid addition of nomadic market.
The chief purpose of this thesis is to make a guideline for planing user-friendly cross-platform applications, taking advantages of multiple browsers and device capablenesss. This guideline is based on the literature research and nomadic serviceability.
Table 1
Mobile Platform
Sellers
Operating System
Programing Language
Developer Environment
Application Shop
Apple
Io
Objective C
X-code
iPhone App Store
Google and unfastened French telephone confederation
Android
Java
Eclipse
Google Play
Microsoft
Windows Telephone
Visual C # C++
Ocular Studio
Windows phone Market topographic point
Rim
Blackberry OS
Java
Eclipse
Blackberry App World
Nokia
Symbian OS
Java
Eclipse
Ovi Store
LITERATURE REVIEW
The intent of this subdivision is to supply an overall base of nomadic platforms, the job treatment every bit good as overall intent and research inquiries. An enterprise in this subdivision is to supply relevant literature associating to some of the research inquiries which focuses more on cross-platform application and user experience ( UX ) .
This subdivision discusses one of the research inquiries in the thesis listed ( Refer RQ.6 ) .
At present, In the nomadic industry there are different sorts of nomadic devices in the market that uses different platforms or runing system ( OS ) such as Io ( Apple ) , Android ( Google ) , Blackberry and Windows mobile ( ndottech, 2013 )
Developers prefers to take a platform that aids them to develop the applications in one common linguistic communication that would be supported by all the popular platforms. This is called as the cross platform Mobile development.
Across the universe soon, some nomadic application developers have started following PhoneGap model to develop some amazing applications that runs on assorted nomadic platforms. Developers can besides utilize PhoneGap-Build that offered by this model to construct and roll up applications without utilizing SDKs, hardware and other tools. One can besides entree different maps like camera, compass, presentments, accelerometer and more while developing application on this model
( mobileappsdevelopmentmart, 2013 ) .
Cross platform nomadic application development provides great consequence to the developer. At present, developer prefers to run some apps in different platform utilizing assorted tools like PhoneGap, sencha, Ti and rhomobile ( ezinemark, 2013 ) . Based on research on ( PhoneGap Framework: A Godsend Technology To Develop Cross-Platform Apps. mobileappsdevelopmentmart, 2013 ) it is obvious that most package companies have adopted the usage of PhoneGap tool and other cross-platform model in other to develop different nomadic platforms.
This subdivision discusses one of the research inquiries in the thesis listed ( Refer RQ.3 )
As nomadic industry embraces multiple platforms, a batch of nomadic phone users are extremely increasing. Cross Platform development are being used in every field these yearss.
a cross-platform application can present the same consequences as a native application if designed and developed in an efficient and user friendly manner, is certain traveling to acquire in the custodies of 1000000s. It is up to the developer to manage things in a good criterion and property to come up with an app that is merely brilliant ( techblis, 2013 )
Hybrid merchandises which is besides known as cross-platform are valued more and considered to be efficient than native application. Hybrid applications are those which are developed in multiple or assorted platforms. These applications can be designed on two or more of operating system ( OS ) such as Io, Android, Blackberry OS, and Windows Phone 7. Cross Platform Mobile Application Development is non truly guaranteed, there are both pros and cons to compare cross-platform and native applications. ( techblis, 2013 ) .
In other for end-users to make up one’s mind a nomadic platform, below are some of the pros and cons.
1. Development takes less clip and less investing
When developers use cross-platform engineerings, the undertaking ends-up faster and takes less clip. some of the codifications generated utilizing these engineerings can besides be reused at primary degree of other undertakings.
2. Entree to circuit board that can be used in other undertakings
Cross-platform engineerings like PhoneGap and Titanium model provides easy entree to circuit boards that developers can easy do usage of in other tools and services. it besides offer general links to camera, location detectors and accelerometers, which avoids the demand of composing a separate codification.
3. Web developers can easy utilize the codification
Web developers can besides re-use these models as they are designed for scripting linguistic communications such as HTML5, CSS and JavaScript.
4. Desired support for cloud services
it besides supports cloud services, if clients want integrating of cloud services, these models enables developers without trouble making so. There is besides no demand of a multiple security method as the apps maps likewise on both platforms.
1. Update does non back uping all characteristics
At present, Apple and Google maintain adding new characteristics to their platforms. This might make jobs for developers as the model they are utilizing will necessitate to be updated for the betterments made by both nomadic companies in their platforms
2. Restrictive tools
Some nomadic developers can implement assorted functionalities that may be different from the on-going attack. This may necessitate user larning the procedure all over once more. It can be thwarting every bit good.
3. Slower codifications increases the rendition clip
Some of the apps resulted from cross-platform Mobile development engineerings might be slower than regular 1s. This codification may take long clip in acquiring rendered as it has to churn out for each platform.
4. The codification is uneffective
The codification procured utilizing this models can be uneffective. Most times, developers do non utilize native linguistic communications when they make usage of cross-platform development engineerings. In this status, the effectivity of an application is been determined by the effectivity of the interlingual rendition engine that the tool has ( goarticles, 2013 ) .
This subdivision discusses one of the research inquiries in the thesis listed ( Refer RQ.5 ) which is about cross-platform design and serviceability.
The use of nomadic devices is increasing of all time twelvemonth, same thing applies to users outlooks of the nomadic user experience. Generally, users prefer applications that are easy to work with, entree it rapidly and characteristics attractive user interfaces. Applications designed, have to cognize what users want to accomplish and to back up them in transporting out any undertaking. Equally easy as possible, this is one of the biggest challenges of a interior decorator ‘s occupation.
As a consequence, the chief purpose of this subdivision is to supply an debut to the subject of serviceability, which is really of import to users and the rules of user interface design, which helps to plan user-centered applications.
All the major runing systems have alone expressions that serve different intents. Apple runing system goes for a clean user interface which facilitates higher serviceability. it provides much of the experience people are looking for ( Apple, 2013 ) .
Android runing system makes a pick from a scope of possibilities for something that is more functional and productive. Android provides a assortment of pre-build UI constituents such as structured layout objects and UI controls. Besides provides other user interface ( UI ) modules for particular interfaces such as duologues, presentments, and bill of fare ( Android, n.d )
Microsoft ‘s Windows Phone ‘s Metro interface is fast and meant to convey every bit much information as possible. Windows Phone provides a rich mixture of controls, textbox and text block ( Microsoft, 2013 ) .
Cross platform applications are non built with maintaining a individual user interface, they are developed for multiple platforms. So, they are non able to capitalize on the strengths of one interface and therefore lose out in the long tally ( theappentrepreneur, 2012 ) .
When planing an application, there are some restraints which developers and interior decorators must take into consideration when designing and developing for Mobile. If device type is the broadest of these, so screen size, differing signifier factor and physical user interface are portion of images as good.
In-other to plan a better nomadic user experience, it is indispensable to understand the user point of position, how they behave in relation to the nomadic experience that will be delivered and in relation to the full nomadic web experience ( mobiforge, 2013 ) .
Besides Carol Barnum ( Barnum, 2011, p. 11 ) analyzed this instead formal definition and foreground the importance of following elements of the old serviceability definition which are as follows:
Specific users – the importance of specific users is that the focal point is non on all users, but merely on the mark group for the peculiar merchandise
Specific ends – specific ends mean that the merchandise ‘s ends are indistinguishable with those of its users
Specific context of usage – users are utilizing the application in a certain environment and it is indispensable that the application is designed to be used under those footings.
Harmonizing to Jacob Nielsen describes Usability as a belongings of user interface with multiple constituents, which includes the undermentioned properties learnability, efficiency, memorability, mistakes and satisfaction ( Nielsen, 1993, p. 26 ) .
( Barnum, 2011, p. 6 ) . besides describes it as how can effectiveness, satisfaction be measured. Serviceability can be measured in such a manner where multiple users are seeking to accomplish a set of predefined undertakings.
Bibliography
Allen, G. ( 2012 ) . Get downing Android 4. New York, NY, USA: Apress.
Allen, S. Graupera, V. & A ; Lundrigan, L. , ( 2010 ) . Pro Smartphone Cross-Platform Development: iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile and Android Development and Distribution. New York, NY, USA: Apress.
David, M. ( 2011 ) . Constructing Webside with HTML5 to Work with Mobile Phones. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Inc.
International Organization for Standardization, ( 1998 ) . Guidance on Usability. s.l. : ISO 9241-11.
Ostrander, J. , ( 2012 ) . Android UI Fundamentials. Berkeley, CA, USA: Peachpit Press.
Olson, S. , Hunter, J. , Horgen, B. & A ; Goers, K. , ( 2012 ) . Professional Cross-Platform Mobile Development in C # . Indianapolis, IN, USA: John Wiley & A ; Sons, Inc.
Apple Inc. , ( 2012 ) . iOS Human Interface Guidelines. Cupertino, CA, USA: Apple Inc.
Barnum, C. M. , ( 2011 ) . Usability Testing Essentials. Burliington, MA, USA: Elsevier.
Nielsen, J. ( 1993 ) . Usability Engineering. Orlando, FL, USA: Academic Press.
Ndot, T. ( 2013 ) .Cross platform Mobile development. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ndottech.com/cross-platform-mobile-development.html
mobileappsdevelopmentmart. ( 2013 ) .PHONEGAP FRAMEWORK: A GODSEND TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOP CROSS PLATFORM APPS. Retrieve from hypertext transfer protocol: //mobileappsdevelopmentmart.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/phonegap-framework-a-godsend-technology-to-develop-cross-platform-apps/
EzineMark. ( n.d ) . PhoneGap development tool to quick entree for cross platform nomadic apps in Mobile. Retrieved from
hypertext transfer protocol: //mobile.ezinemark.com/phonegap-development-tool-to-quick-access-for-cross-platform-mobile-apps-7d38940c8069.html
Techblis, A. ( 2013 ) . Why To Travel For Cross Platform Mobile Application Development. Retrieved from
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.techblis.com/why-to-go-for-cross-platform-mobile-application-development/
Shubhangi, V. ( 2010 ) . The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //goarticles.com/article/The-Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Cross-Platform-Mobile-Application-Development/7529057/
Pratik, K. ( 2012 ) . App Entrepreneur ‘s Dilemma: To Travel Native Or Cross Platform? . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //theappentrepreneur.com/app-entrepreneurs-dilemma-to-go-native-or-cross-platform
mobiforge. ( 2013 ) . Serviceability on the nomadic Web: best patterns and guidelines for interior decorators and developers. Retrievedfrom hypertext transfer protocol: //mobiforge.com/designing/blog/usability-mobile-web-best-practices-and-guidelines-designers-and-developers
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Everything You Need To Know About The Fragmented Mobile DeveloperA Ecosystem
Mention
Robin, W. ( 2010 ) . Everything You Need To Know About The Fragmented Mobile Developer Ecosystem. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //techcrunch.com/2010/07/05/mobile-developer-economics-2010/
Appendix 2
An first-class cross-platform mobileA applicationA development model, PhoneGap is an highly popular model that created by Nitobi package, and subsequently, it was acquired by Adobe in the twelvemonth 2011.
By utilizing this model, nomadic app developers are able to make tonss of nomadic applications for different nomadic platforms like BlackBerry, Android, Io, Palm, Bada, Symbian, A WindowsA and more. PhoneGap make s it easy possible for nomadic app developers to make tonss of nomadic applications that support assorted nomadic platforms without any fuss.
Before, it was non possible to develop merely one application that supports with different nomadic platforms ; nevertheless, PhoneGap has helped a batch to developers every bit good as business communities to salvage their clip and money. With the aid of JavaScript, CSS and HTML, PhoneGap enables developers to develop any type of application without confronting any obstructions. This is the most popular model on the web that uses high criterion basedA web technologiesA to develop a scope of nomadic apps.
These yearss, you can happen tonss of business communities, who are utilizing PhoneGap model in order to develop their multi device supported application by which they can salvage their tonss of money. Now, mobile developers can easy make fruitful and resourceful apps as PhoneGap carries latest characteristics and maps that make development procedure easy. Therefore, new and inexperient developers can besides utilize this model and derive a assortment of benefits. No affair, whether you are looking to develop a concern app or an amusement app, PhoneGap allows you to make any application that best meets your demands.
Mention
Maria, B. ( 2013 ) . PhoneGap: Excellent Cross-Platform Mobile App Development Framework. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //storify.com/mariabrean/phonegap-excellent-cross-platform-mobile-app-devel
Appendix 3.
This article focuses onA planing the user experience for nomadic websitesA accessed from nomadic phones with little screens, though the procedure can be applied to constructing apps every bit good. As a Web interior decorator, the good intelligence is that the procedure is similar to planing desktop web sites – with some extra mobile-only considerations that go hand-in-hand with little screens, device characteristics and restraints, and connectivity issues. The user-centered Mobile design life rhythm can be thought of as an on-going procedure as shown below
User-Centered Mobile Design Starts With The User User-centered designA relies on user engagement throughout the design procedure, taking to a solution that users will happen utile and want to utilize. To accomplish that, you foremost need to hold a clear apprehension of your users, grouped into a prioritized set of user groups whose demands can be thought of separately. For a pharmaceutical company, those groups could be patients, healthcare professionals and health professionals, with the first two groups being the primary user groups, and health professionals being a secondary user group with really similar demands to patients. Identifying your cardinal user groups and making character will assist you plan better for your chief users, the manner BBC did when edifice theirA hereafter nomadic scheme.
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