Discuss about the Culture Entrepreneurship and Economic Development.
Culture forms an important entity of the lives of the human beings and to a great extent determines the course of actions or the decisions taken by them. Culture can be seen as the conglomeration of all the values, beliefs, customs, social behaviors and others held by a particular group of individuals (Deephouse, Newburry and Soleimani 2016). It is significant to note that culture is the distinctive feature of a particular individual or a group of individuals and varies from one group of individuals to others. Thus, in a way it can be said that culture is the entity which not determines in a significant the course of action taken by a particular group of individuals but at the same time the identity of that particular group as well. The cultural values as well as practices held by one group of individuals from another are drastically different from one group of individuals from another and thus it is generally seen that in the present times the concept of national culture has gained prominence on the score of the distinctive cultural traits which the inhabitants of a particular nation display (Liñán and Fernandez-Serrano 2014). This paper will shed light on the concept of culture and its related aspects. The paper will also analyze the national cultures of the nations of the United Kingdom and Spain and also the manner in which the national cultures of these two nations affects the business style of these two nations.
The concept of culture is one which has been the centre of much critical discussion as well as research since the traditional times. Professor Geert Hofstede, one of the eminent scholars whose work has shaped the manner in which the concept of culture is being defined in the present times has defined culture as “the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others” (Hofstede’s Insights 2018). The work of Hofstede in the genre of culture is very important the “Hofstede’s Model of Culture” culminated out of the research work of Hofstede, which is one of the most widely used cultural models of the present times (López?Duarte, Vidal?Suárez and González?Díaz 2016). In addition to this, there are other scholars as well whose works have contributed in a significant manner towards the effective development of this particular concept. Some of the most commonly used models of culture national culture analysis are Hofstede’s model of national culture, Trompenaars’ model of national culture differences, Globe’s model of culture and others (Steers and Sánchez?Runde 2017).
Culture not only affects the individual actions as well as the personal behavior of the individuals but it also affects the manner in which these individuals conduct business with others (López?Duarte, Vidal?Suárez and González?Díaz 2016). Thus, it would be apt to say that the entity of national culture is directly to the business style which is being followed by a particular nation. For example, if the citizens belonging to a particular nation are very conservative in their outlook and do not like to use the recent technologies then this particular factor will be inevitably reflected in the manner in which the people of this particular transact their business and it will be found that the business model followed by these people will also be a very conservative one. A close analysis of the national culture of the United Kingdom is likely to reveal meaning insights into the manner in which the people of this particular nation transact their business.
The nation of the United Kingdom has an individualistic culture and the citizens of the UK are more likely to work in an individualistic manner (Hofstede Insights 2018). Thus the collective kind of work or group work is not very popular among the people of the United Kingdom. Thus, most of the business organizations of the United Kingdom try to create the kind of culture within the framework of their organization which is individualistic in nature and it is generally seen that this particular process helps them to enhance the performance level or the productivity of the employees and in consequence the overall performance level of the productivity of the entire organization itself. Furthermore, the people belonging to the United Kingdom are more likely to get influenced as well as motivated by the concepts of “success, achievement and competition” and it is an indicative of this particular aspect that the masculinity index of the nation of the United Kingdom has got a high rating (Hofstede Insights 2018). Thus, it is generally seen that the various business enterprises of the United Kingdom try to take the help of these concepts to not only effectively motivate the employees related to them in the best possible manner but at the same time to enhance their performance. The nation of United Kingdom has a rich history and the people of the nation try to follow the divisions of the society in an ardent manner. However, the low score of the United Kingdom on the power distance index is an indicative of the fact that when it comes to workplace culture the concept of power division is not that ardently followed and the employees related to a particular workplace generally like to interact freely with each other (Hofstede Insights 2018). It is a reflection of this particular fact that the people of the United Kingdom do not ardently follow the division of power within the workplaces and also the senior members of the organization are easily accessible by the junior members of the same organization.
The people of the United Kingdom decide the success or the failure of a particular business enterprise on the basis of their overall performance level right from the start of their business venture till the present date (Hofstede Insights 2018). It is a reflection of this particular fact that the United Kingdom has got a high score on the index of the “long-term orientation”. Furthermore, it is generally seen that the people of the nation of the United Kingdom are not much bothered by the uncertain events and it is a reflection of this particular that the use of the recent technologies as well as innovations forms an important part of not only their personal lives but at the same time of the various business ventures which they undertake (Hofstede Insights 2018). This particular aspect of the national culture of the United Kingdom is indicated by the low score of the nation on the uncertainty avoidance section. Furthermore, it is generally seen that the people of the nation of the United Kingdom generally like not only to segregate their personal as well as professional lives but at the same time like to follow the concept of work-life balance in the best possible manner (Hofstede Insights 2018). Moreover, there is an endeavor on the part of the people of the nation to give free vent to their desire and at the same time to enjoy their lives (Hofstede Insights 2018). This particular aspect of the national culture of the United Kingdom is being reflected by the high score of the nation on the index of indulgence. These in short are some of the major cultural traits of the people of the nation of United Kingdom as per the Hofstede’s model of national culture.
The people of the nation of Spain in comparison to the people of the nation of the United Kingdom generally indulge in collective as well as individualistic kinds of work as is indicated by the average score of the nation on the index of individualism (Hofstede Insights 2018). The various business enterprises of the nation of Spain try to cultivate both collective as well as individualistic kinds of work cultures within the frameworks of their workplace. Furthermore, the low score of Spain on the masculinity index is an indicative of the fact that the people of the nation are not motivated as well as influenced by the concepts of “success, achievement and competition” in the same manner as the people of the United Kingdom are (Hofstede Insights 2018). In addition to these, the people of the nation of Spain generally like to maintain the power division within the framework of the society as well as the various workplaces which form an important part of their nation (Hofstede Insights 2018). Thus, within the framework of their business organizations the senior members of the concerned organization are not as easily accessible as the ones in the nation of the United Kingdom. Moreover, the high score of Spain on the index of “uncertainty avoidance” represents that the people are very skeptical about the use of technologies for the process of their business and they generally like to avoid uncertainties (Hofstede Insights 2018). The low score of Spain on the index of the “long-term orientation” indicates that the people decide the success or the failure of a particular venture on the basis of their recent performance level rather than their overall performance level (Hofstede Insights 2018). Finally, the result of the indulgence section indicates that the people are more prone to cynicism and pessimism (Hofstede Insights 2018). Furthermore, the people of the nation generally do not like to segregate their professional and personal lives and they do not ardently follow the concept of work-life balance (Hofstede Insights 2018).
Conclusion
To conclude, the concept of culture is directly related to the manner in which the various nations of the world transact their business. The above analysis of the national cultures of the two nations, namely, the United Kingdom and Spain clearly indicates the manner in which the national culture of a particular nation affects the way in which the business style of that particular nation gets affected. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals that the national cultures of the two nations under discussion here are starkly different from each other and it is a reflection of this particular fact that the pattern or the style in which the people of these nations conduct their business affairs is different from each other.
References
Deephouse, D.L., Newburry, W. and Soleimani, A., 2016. The effects of institutional development and national culture on cross-national differences in corporate reputation. Journal of World Business, 51(3), pp.463-473.
Hofstede Insights. 2018. Spain – Hofstede Insights. [online] Available at: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country/spain/ [Accessed 27 Jul. 2018].
Hofstede Insights. 2018. United Kingdom – Hofstede Insights. [online] Available at: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country/the-uk/ [Accessed 27 Jul. 2018].
Liñán, F. and Fernandez-Serrano, J., 2014. National culture, entrepreneurship and economic development: different patterns across the European Union. Small Business Economics, 42(4), pp.685-701.
López?Duarte, C., Vidal?Suárez, M.M. and González?Díaz, B., 2016. International business and national culture: a literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 18(4), pp.397-416.
Steers, R.M. and Sánchez?Runde, C.J., 2017. Culture, motivation, and work behavior. The Blackwell Handbook of Cross?Cultural Management, pp.190-216.
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