There are many changes made in the current social policies in the country. There is numerous social change policy which is highlighting in the country includes the family policy, migration policy, an education policy, crime policy. One, the recent social policy in which government is showing the keen interest is the family policies in Australia. The fertility and family policy is taking a great pace in Australia as the fertility rate is found below the required for population replacement. The Australian government is taking numerous steps and initiatives to protect the families in Australia. These policies are made by the Australian government to protect and preserve the children by taking the steps to protect their lives (Families Australia, 2018a).
There are three key policies areas has been introduced. These policies include valuing and protecting the children, building stronger Australian Families and advancing the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. These three key areas have affected the Australian environment and its peoples. These areas have made the difference in the lifestyles of the people in Australia. An understanding of these key areas will help to make the changes in the lifestyles, culture of the country. The change in the policy made the income and living standard different from the previous. These changes and implementation in the Australian market make the deep understanding to know the family issues and planning (Wang et al., 2014).
The first policies made to protect the lives of the children are due to a deep matter of national concern that over 40000 children suffer abuse each year. To stop this, the strict rules have been made by the Australian government. The parents in Australia are no core concern for their children and leave them in the foster home. According to the data presented in 2018 in the report on Government services, there is the percentage increase in children, which are out from home. This ratio has been increased by 32% from 35895 to 47915. There is an increase in the ratio of child abuse substantiations also by 58% from 31295 to 49315 (Australian Government, 2008). From this ratio, it can say that the there is a numerous increase find in the number of children in the country. this figure shows an upward trend in the increase in population.
Australia government has set a different committee for protecting the Australian Children. This framework is based on the strong leadership by the Federal Government and other parties who are ready to contribute in the protecting the Families in Australia. In these policies, various campaigns have been made by the government to begin the campaign of protecting the child (Fine, Cavanagh, Donley, Steinberg, Frick & Cauffman, 2016). The making of different policies and programs by the government is the need of the society and families living there. These are essential to make the survival of the people in the country with good conditions. The government is taking these initiatives and making policies only to make the lives of the families in the country happy. This aim of making the life happy can only be fulfilled when the community and the people in the society are also contributing.
The other measures, which are taken care by the Australian government, are of the education given to the children. Special rules and policies have been made by the government to improve the level of education in the country. For this, another allowance has been given for the education for those families who are not able to afford the education for their children. The improvement in the safety and wellbeing of the Australian children is the due concern for the government (Families Australia, 2018b). The special allowance for education has been introduced by the government to improvise the standard of education in the country. This initiative is taken by the Australian government so that the country does not have to call the people from outside the country to complete their work. All these initiative are taken by the government to have the technical and other knowledge in their own human resources.
Another policy that has been introduced by the Australian government is to build the strong Australian families in the country. These policies are made for the families who are experiencing the marginalization and vulnerability in the country (Driezen et al., 2016). The policies are made by the government to improvise the conditions of the family in the country. This policy will ultimately help to increase in the living standard and fertility rate of the country. Some families are working to maintaining the stronger and healthier families and support their relationship while others may face the challenges in maintaining the same. By implementing these policies in the country, families feel more secure and safe while having the child in the country like Australia. They have the security and back up the support of their family by the Australia government. According to a survey, 64% of the couples in Australia are married but from them only a small proportion having the children in their home (Pricolo, 2011).
Other is related to advancing the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres straits Islander peoples. An organisation such as SNAICC, is introducing the concept in which the voice of the children has been raised. Other issues also considered by these organizations, which include the improvement in the increased spending on health issues of the families in Australia. This organization is established for knowing the national voice of the children in Australia. In this, the government is able to analyze the requirements and demand of the children in the country. The needs are related to the education, their wellbeing, health, and safety. All this have to fulfil by the government of Australia to get the high-end results from the population (Brearley, 2016).
In order to increase the fertility rate in the Australia, various measures have been introduced to support the child growing and upbringing in the country. The parent should also feel to have the confidence that they can take care of their children and try to enjoy with them while developing themselves with them. This will be an opportunity for the parents to develop themselves with the quality of personal development. The government is trying to make responsible the parents to take care of their child without taking the help of the Australian government for long period. Many policies have been made by the Australian government to have a better standard in the country. However, all will only be effective if they are actually makes used by the people (Daly and Bochel, 2014)
The government is also ready to give the financial and social support to the families. The assistance is given to the families to take care of their child, availability of the maternity and the paternity leave, designs are made to modify the income, and the tax measures of families. From the research, it can be analyzed that 80% of the families who have the children are getting the financial assistance from the government (except the rich people) (Erez-Navot, 2014). Higher support is given to those who are in low paid jobs in Australia. Other payment related the maternity allowance, helps give to take care of the child, the cost for maintenance and having the house for those renting privately, other health care cost etc. other allowance, concessions and facilities will also be given to the families in Australia (Nasser & Costa, 2013). The people who are found with low income have the support from the government so that they can improve their condition and can be able to maintain their living conditions. This will help them to have a stable life with their family (Anyon, 2014).
Other policies are made by the Australian government is the subject to the assets and income to support the families and their incomes. From the research, it has been analyzed that in last 15-20 years, the focus has been given to the increasing the family benefit expenditure. The government of Australia has st the number of children the family should have. It will depend on the family income of the individual family. Some families are restricted to have more than two children (Welsh, Gruffydd-Jones & Murray, 2013).
In parenting payment policy also, some changes have been made by the Australian Government. Parenting payment, both the sole and partnered parent are getting the income support for the government. This income will work as an alternative income for the families. It is a new allowance for those who are unemployed and are looking for the work in the country. The recent changes were made in the welfare to the work package. Various measures are taken in this policy to make an increase in the rates of paid employment (Cremin, 2015).
The policy has been made to take care of the child. Assistance and help are given the cost of caring for the child through CCB (Child Care Benefit). In this policy, extra allowance is given to the patent to taking care of their child who is not going to school. This is applicable for those income groups people whose income is less than $35478 or who are in receipt of support from the government. Additional support has been given the rebate in Childcare tax in their income tax liability. In this, 30 percent have been covered in the tax rebate out of the pocket expenses. The baby bonus is given to the families following the birth or adoption of a baby (Families Australia, 2018c).
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the government needs to use the policies and frameworks, which helps to make the families stronger and healthier in Australia. The low fertility rate should be backed up by the support of the government and their policies. There are some key areas find in the research, which wants to be focused on by the government in implementing and formulating the policies. These areas include valuing and protecting the children, building the families in Australia stronger to survive in the market and advancing the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. To focus on these areas, various policies have been implemented by the government to give the support to the local people of Australia. The support has been given in the financial form and assistance has been provided to the people living in Australia. Another assistance given is to maintain their family and children. Government is providing the benefits in the taxation to low-income group of the country. Special program and strategies are made by the Australian government to know the voice of the children on a large level.
There are some recommendation and suggestions to implement the social policy in Australia.
References
Anyon, J. (2014). Radical possibilities: Public policy, urban education, and a new social movement. Oxon: Routledge.
Australian Government. (2008). Fertility and family policy in Australia. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/fertility-and-family-policy-australia/5-australian-government-family-policies/
Brearley, E. J. (2016). A history of social protection in Latin America: from conquest to conditional cash transfers. Revue Interventions économiques. Papers in Political Economy, (56).
Cremin, M. R. (2015). Fighting on Their Own Terms: The Tactics of the Irish Republican Army 1919-1921. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 26(6), 912-936.
Daly, G. and Bochel, H. (2014) Introducing social policy. In Social Policy (pp. 17-26). Oxon: Routledge.
de Matos Nasser, E., & Reis da Costa, S. R. (2013). Implementation of indicators through balanced scorecards in a nutritional therapy company. Nutricion hospitalaria, 28(3).
Driezen, P., Abdullah, A. S., Nargis, N., Hussain, A. K. M., Fong, G. T., Thompson, M. E., … & Xu, S. (2016). Awareness of tobacco-related health harms among vulnerable populations in Bangladesh: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Bangladesh Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(9), 848.
Erez-Navot, D. (2014). The Repeat Player Effect in Child Protection Mediation: Dangers of and Protections against Second-Class Justice for Marginalized Parties. Cardozo J. Conflict Resol., 16, 831.
Families Australia. (2018a). Advancing the Wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Retrieved from: https://familiesaustralia.org.au/policies-submissions/current-policy-areas/advancing-the-wellbeing-of-aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-peoples/
Families Australia. (2018b). Building Stronger Australian Families. Retrieved from: https://familiesaustralia.org.au/policies-submissions/current-policy-areas/building-stronger-australian-families/
Families Australia. (2018c). Families in Australia. Retrieved from: https://familiesaustralia.org.au/policies-submissions/current-policy-areas/building-stronger-australian-families/families-in-australia/
Families Australia. (2018d). Valuing and Protecting Children. Retrieved from: https://familiesaustralia.org.au/policies-submissions/current-policy-areas/building-stronger-australian-families/families-in-australia/
Fine, A., Cavanagh, C., Donley, S., Steinberg, L., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2016). The role of peer arrests on the development of youths’ attitudes towards the justice system. Law and human behavior, 40(2), 211.
Pricolo, A. (2011). Practice Updates: Time to Normalise ORT. AJP: The Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 92(1090), 34.
Wang, G., Tang, H. D., Zhuang, J. P., Xu, X. H., Liu, L. H., Li, B., … & Chen, S. D. (2014). Risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly people: findings from the two-year follow-up study in Shanghai urban community. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 39(4), 891-897.
Welsh, C. P., Gruffydd-Jones, T. J., & Murray, J. K. (2013). The neuter status of cats at four and six months of age is strongly associated with the owners’ intended age of neutering. Veterinary Record, 172(22), 578-578.
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