1.Data is collection of figures and facts
Information is data in context
Information enclosed with beliefs, skills, values constitute knowledge
Attend Event
Data
Date, Venue and Attendees’ List
Information
The event is on week day and 3 miles away. Names of Students
Knowledge
Venue has good reviews. Friends are invited so I will attend
Selling old books
Data
Information
Books on Stats, Marketing etc. Sell to Library or Shopkeepers
Knowledge
These are management books. Libraries are far so sell at shops
Decide ice-cream Flavor
Data
Catalogue
Personal Budget
Information
Flavors, offers, pricing, budget
Knowledge
The brand is reliable. I like coconut flavor. Loyalty points increase discounts
Choose book from Library
Data
Own Requirements and Books’ list
Information
Requirement is fiction mystery novel .4 books are available
Knowledge
The librarian has recommended Da Vinci Code. Dan Brown’s books are good so I chose it.
Select Route
Data
Google Map of location
Information
2 routes available. Route 2 is shorter but shows red paths i.e. high traffic.
Knowledge
Route 2 is near to offices. Route 1 is by-pass. I chose route 1
Data is pre-requisite to make decisions. Without google map optimal route can’t be selected. If I cannot segregate data, I may be issuing the wrong book. Making the data in structured form is necessary. Knowledge gives value addition. In selling books, If I am not aware that these are management books then I could have wasted my time
2.Knowledge management are set of activities performed to discover, capture, share and apply knowledge in order to attain different goals like competitive edge, cost minimization, long term profit and increasing market share (Martín-de Castro, 2015).
Information Technologies supports the Knowledge Management. Examples are AI i.e. Artificial Intelligence, ERP i.e. Enterprise Resource Planning, databases, Web browsers, portals, web communities, MIS (Management Information System), Decision support tools (DSS), lesson learned tools.
Let’s consider my own high school.
The above technology is currently used by high school. This further can be improved by using new technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, IOT.
High school can use data mining to understand the sentiment of students and teachers. This can help in counselling session (George, Haas & Pentland, 2014).
Many students and teachers do not know the importance of these tools. So it is necessary to communicate the advantage of using these tools.
The databases should be updated with the latest version regularly.
3.Explicit knowledge is codified and stored in databases, documents etc.
Tacit Knowledge is personal non-codified knowledge (Donate & Pablo, 2015).
Socialization shares tacit knowledge i.e. personal knowledge through observation, informal networks etc.
Externalization converts personal knowledge into explicit form.
Internalization converts explicit knowledge into personal.
Tacit knowledge is transferred through socialization
Pros
Cons
Tacit knowledge is externalized and then through internalization imbibed by others
Pros
Cons
To transfer knowledge from one person to one other person, Socialization is recommended because it is more in richness. The persons can indulge in informal discussion. It leads to clarity in thoughts, resolving doubts etc. It is unnecessary to waste time and cost by using IT only for one person (Donate & Pablo, 2015).
In order to transfer knowledge from one person to 100 other individuals in different parts of the world then it is difficult to use socialization. Even if video conferencing is used, it is difficult to ensure that knowledge is acquired by everyone (Meihami & Meihami, 2014). It is difficult to monitor. It is difficult to address the queries. Instead, the knowledge should be documented in a standard format (explicit form). Then through internalization all 100 individuals should acquire it into tacit form.
4.Knowledge management systems (KMS) are IT systems used by organization to store, retrieve, share and use knowledge. Examples: Intranet, Data warehouses (DW), Decision support system (DSS), Semantic tools etc.
The analysis is often perceived by organizations. KMS are always point of debate or discussion in organizations. The poor performance is because the type and effect of technology is not given much consideration prior to implementation. These systems are designed by one person and used by others. So, there is gap (George, Haas & Pentland, 2014). Organization practices play an important role to implement these IT technologies. Implementing these technologies does not mean that employee will use them. There is lack of management support. Organization culture is important factor. Sometimes IT system is fit with one department but not with other department of company. Tacit Knowledge is difficult to transfer using these systems.
KMS helps in locating knowledge sources. It makes transfer of knowledge easy, promote collaboration and enhances the processes (Wang, Noe & Wang, 2014). Implementing KMS properly can yield good profits. The key measures are
References
Donate, M.J. and de Pablo, J.D.S., 2015. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), pp.360-370.
George, G., Haas, M.R. and Pentland, A., 2014. Big data and management. Academy of management Journal, 57(2), pp.321-326.
Kasemsap, K., 2015. The role of data mining for business intelligence in knowledge management. Integration of data mining in business intelligence systems, pp.12-33.
Martín-de Castro, G., 2015. Knowledge management and innovation in knowledge-based and high-tech industrial markets: The role of openness and absorptive capacity. Industrial Marketing Management, 47, pp.143-146.
Meihami, B. and Meihami, H., 2014. Knowledge Management a way to gain a competitive advantage in firms (evidence of manufacturing companies). International letters of social and humanistic sciences, 3, pp.80-91.
Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasi–field experiment. Journal of Management, 40(4), pp.978-1009.
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