Answer of Question 1:
Collecting information in an organized way is generally known as database. In a database, the data can be easily accessed, updated, and managed. The data that are put in database are put in rows, tables, and columns and the data are indexed so that the accessing is easier to find the relevant information. The data that are stored in the database can be deleted, expanded, and updated when new information are added. The workloads are created and can also be updated by the processes involved in database and querying of data is also possible with the data in the database.
Answer of Question 2:
DBMS commonly known as Data Base Management System is a system software used for managing and creating a database. Programmers and users are provided by DBMS in a scheduled way to create the project, retrieve and update the data and also manage the data.
The end users gets the ability to delete, creates, update, and read data in database using DBMS. DBMS works as an interface in between the end user and the database or in between the application program so that the data can be organized consistently and can also be accessed easily. Mainly three important things are managed by DBMS. They are: data, the engine of database which helps in data accessible and database schema, in which logical structure of database is defined.
Answer of Question 3:
A scientist E.F.Codd in IBM first invented relational database in the year 1970. Relational database is mainly collection of data that is accessed or reassembled in different ways without organizing the table sin the database. The interface between the application program and the standard user is the Structured Query Language (SQL). Statements that are involved in SQL have interactive queries from the relational database and gather the data for the reports. Set of tables, which has the data fit in the predefined categories of the database, is the relational database. Example: for data entry of a business, a table describes a customer with all the columns for customer name, customer address, phone number and many more details.
Answer of Question 4:
The advantages of database DBMS over conventional storing system of data are:
Answer of Question 5:
The importance of Entity relationship diagrams are much more better than any other diagram because:
Answer of Question 6:
The issues that arise in the database are generally known as the database anomaly, which mainly occurs because of storing the data in flat database and poor planning. This anomaly of the database can be removed by normalization process, which is splitting the tables into simplified form.
Answer of Question 7:
1NF (First Normal Form)- I First Normal Form, the columns in a table does not have multiple value. It will only have anatomic value.
2NF (Second Normal Form)- A table is considered to be in 2NF if:
3NF (Third Normal Form)- Third Normal Form has to satisfy the following conditions:
Answer to Question 8:
Figure: ERD Diagram for the hospital
Figure: ERD in 1NF
Figure: 3NF Diagram of the hospital removing the anomalies
· Create Tables
DOCTOR
SQL>CREATE TABLE DOCTOR(D_ID NUMBER(3) PRIMARY KEY, D_NAME VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, D_CONTACT_NO NUMBER(10), D_TYPE VARCHAR(10), D_HOURS NUMBER, SPECIALIZATION VARCHAR(20));
PATIENT
SQL> CREATE TABLE PATIENT(P_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, P_NAME VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,GENDER VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,P_ADDRESS VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, CONTACT_NO NUMBER(10),D_ID NUMBER(3), FOREIGN KEY(D_ID) REFERENCES DOCTOR(D_ID), DOB DATE NOT NULL);
ROOM
SQL> CREATE TABLE ROOM (ROOM_ID NUMBER(3) PRIMARY KEY, ROOM_TYPE VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL);
PATIENTS_STATUS
SQL>CREATE TABLE PATIENTS_STATUS (P_ID NUMBER(5),DATE_ADMITTED DATE NOT NULL, DATE_DISCHARGED DATE NOT NULL, ROOM_ID NUMBER(3), FOREIGN KEY(P_ID) REFERENCES PATIENT(P_ID), FOREIGN KEY(ROOM_ID) REFERENCES ROOM(ROOM_ID));
EMPLOYEE
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(E_ID NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, E_NAME VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, E_GENDER VARCHAR(1), E_CONTACT_NO NUMBER(10) NOT NULL, E_ADDRESS VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, E_TYPE VARCHAR(10), SALARY NUMBER NOT NULL);
NURSE
SQL> CREATE TABLE NURSE (EMP_ID NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY, NURSE_NAME VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, NURSE_TYPE VARCHAR(10), SHIFT_START_TIME VARCHAR(5), END_SHIFT_TIME VARCHAR(5), FOREIGN KEY(EMP_ID) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(E_ID));
NURSE_STATUS
SQL> CREATE TABLE NURSE_STATUS( EMP_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL, D_ID NUMBER(3), P_ID NUMBER(5), FOREIGN KEY(EMP_ID) REFERENCES NURSE(EMP_ID),FOREIGN KEY(P_ID) REFERENCES PATIENT(P_ID),FOREIGN KEY(D_ID) REFERENCES DOCTOR(D_ID));
· Insert Into Tables
Doctor table
SQL> INSERT INTO DOCTOR VALUES(012,’JASON’,3214569870,’SURGEON’,9,’HEART’);
SQL> INSERT INTO DOCTOR VALUES(101,’NANCY’,8972564870,’REGULAR’,8,’AURTHOPEDDIC’);
SQL> INSERT INTO DOCTOR VALUES(136,’ROB’,5645987802,’SURGEON’,9,’DENTAL’);
Patient Table
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENT VALUES(00001, ‘JOHN’, ‘M’, ‘SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA’,1019654789,101,’05-OCT-1992′);
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENT VALUES(00002, ‘RACHEL’, ‘F’, ‘MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA’,1035103579,136,’16-OCT-1991′);
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENT VALUES(00003, ‘RICKY’, ‘M’, ‘BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA’,1045698701,101,’31-AUG-1985′);
Room Table
SQL> INSERT INTO ROOM VALUES (106,’ICU’);
SQL> INSERT INTO ROOM VALUES(135,’ICCU’);
SQL> INSERT INTO ROOM VALUES(021,’OT’);
SQL> INSERT INTO ROOM VALUES(005,’CHECK-UP’);
Patient Status
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENTS_STATUS VALUES (001,’12-JAN-2018′,’20-JAN-2018′,21);
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENTS_STATUS VALUES (002,’26-DEC-2017′,’05-JAN-2018′,5);
SQL> INSERT INTO PATIENTS_STATUS VALUES (003,’02-FEB-2018′,’05-FEB-2018′,106);
Employee Table
SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (0120,’KELVIN’,’M’,1236547890,’PERTH, AUSTRALIA’,’NURSE’,500);
SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (1571,’NANCY’,’F’,4569871230,’KOLKATA, INDIA’,’DOCTOR’,2000);
SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (1074,’ROB’,’M’,1509831531,’MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA’,’DOCTOR’,2000);
Nurse Table
SQL> INSERT INTO NURSE VALUES (120,’KELVIN’,’ATTENDANT’,’20:00′,’06:00′);
SQL> INSERT INTO NURSE VALUES (1134,’JULIA’,’OT HELPER’,’05:00′,’15:00′);
SQL> INSERT INTO NURSE VALUES (0014,’RICHARD’,’GENERAL’,’15:00′,’00:00′);
Nurse_Status Table
SQL>INSERT INTO NURSE_STATUS VALUES (120,136,2);
SQL> INSERT INTO NURSE_STATUS VALUES (120,101,3);
SQL> INSERT INTO NURSE_STATUS VALUES (14,101,1);
· Update Table
SQL> UPDATE PATIENT SET DOB=’31-JUL-1996′ WHERE P_ID=1;
· Display Table
SQL> SELECT *FROM PATIENT;
· Delete Entry
SQL> DELETE FROM PATIENTS_STATUS WHERE P_ID=2;
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Nidzwetzki, J. K., & Güting, R. H. (2016). DISTRIBUTED SECONDO: An extensible highly available and scalable database management system. FernUniversität, Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik.
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