Design Concept Improvement Of Technology Of Drone For Disaster Management

Scope

Describe about the Essay for Design Concept Improvement of Technology of Drone.

In today’s era, the emerging technology of drone is treated as the most powerful and promising technology in accordance with the response to the disaster and relief operations. It is the complement to the manual relief operation by giving assurance to conduct the operation faster and efficiently. When the danger of fire occurs in the hospitals, drone helps by making aware to relief worker to cope up with the situation more frequently. This newer technology is capable of mapping, risk assessment, and planning. When the risks are assessed before their occurrence, this may result into the overall reduction of the damage which can occur within the hospital.[1] The technology of drone helps in reducing the disaster worker, risk engineer, and etc. for exposing to the irrelevant danger. The effectiveness of the responders can be enhanced by using the technology of drone. Unique viewing technology can be enhanced. It is the cost efficient technology. The designing of drone technology is flexible in nature. It can accomplish specific mission at the time of occurrence of the disaster. The effectiveness of the responders can be enhanced by making use of drone technology. [2]Drone help in making aware about the important situation which need to be focused at the time of emergency.  In this paper, we are focusing how the design of drone is capable of helping fire department and the hospital staffs for counting the people who need help at the time of danger.

Scope:

The fire fighting by making use of drone helps in saving the lives and minimizing the injuries to the community members. The fire fighters health and safety can also be improved. The operational services of the fire protection can be enhanced. It focuses on minimizing the loss of property from fire. By making use of drone technology, it is helpful to endeavour the three phases of the accident which can be categorised as pre-incident, during incident, and post incident. The smart fire protection technique gives assurance flow of critical information to the part of the organization where it is needed. Unique viewing angles can be achieved of the situation by using Drone technology at low altitudes. The existing manual flight operation system is incapable of taking different viewing angles at low altitudes.

Reason for rejection of the existing system:

The existing situation of distress and urgency may result in the extreme loss of life. The research on drone technology should make use of real time experimentation. In the implementation, the emphasis should be given on air worthiness, command and control of the drone. It has been determined from the research that manned flight operations are not effectively work and does not result into the positive alignment of the situation. The manual flight operations are inefficient in handling the emergency situation.

Reason for Rejection of the Existing System

Value of the proposal:

A comparison can helps in predicting the usefulness of drone technology in the existing system. The table below shows the comparison and helps in outlining the effects of drone in near future.

Existing System	Improved Proposal
Tradition based tactics are used	Data driven or science driven tactics are used
Local information can be collected	Global information can be collected
Poor decision making due to base on data collected	Good decision making since it is based on information
Lack of awareness	Situational Awareness
Unavailability of data	Data collection is comprehensive and analytical in nature
Use of Isolated equipment and relevant building elements	Interconnected equipment are used for monitoring and controlling the system
Human Operations	Animated objects can be used for collaborating, controlling, and automating the operation by human

Framework of Improved fire fighting system:

[3]The framework of smart fire fighting system includes a) collection and combination of large quantities, b) processing, analysing, and prediction of using the information, c) The result can be disseminated to take corrective action

The table below describes existing and emerging technologies which are used as an information collection related to fire.

Source	Type of Information
Fire Fighter	·         Radio ·         Pass Alarm ·         Cameras for thermal imaging ·         SCBA cylinder pressure ·         Physiological monitoring ·         Flow of water ·         Location of fire fighter
Building	·         It can be Floor plans, standpipes location, and rating of the firewalls, entrances of the building, elevator, or any hazardous materials. ·         Panel of Annunciator ·         Alarm for carbon monoxide ·         Fire alarm ·         Sensors used for activity and motion ·         Fire sprinklers ·         Models used for building information ·         Cameras for surveillance ·         To take the reading of local temperature ·         Location of the occupant
Use of Fire Apparatus	·         GPS routing system and maps ·         Building of the pre-plans to cope u with the situation ·         Information about nearest hospital ·         Information about nearest hydrants ·         Apparatus used for water pressure ·         Accountability system ·         Use of apparatus resource
Community	·         Resources used for community and regional ·         Dispatch of computer aided design ·         Building of the detailed plans ·         Information related to weather report ·         Information related to traffic ·         Information related to ambulance ·         Status of the hospital and related information ·         Community utilities like Water pressure and power ·         Loss of fire inspection records

The following issues which can be solved by improved proposal:

• Standardized format can be prepared by making use of secure standard methods
• Standardized information can be sent to the first responder
• Maintenance of data schema by making use of queries
• Standard communication protocols can be used for making user interfaces
• Authentication, authorization and protocols for security should be used for the implementation
• Multi-hazard scenario can be developed for designing and compliance of the system     
• Interoperability between hardware and software
• Cloud based services should be assessed
• Architecture which helps in facilitating the integration between physical and cyber components

Due to the disruption in the weather or earthquakes, loss of power can occur in the hospitals this can be solved by drone by providing temporary infrastructure to the survivors.

Stakeholder:

Role of Fire Service	Information needed during an emergency
Firemen	Real time forecasting of fire location Location of crew and victims Self-reporting system Suggestion of situational tactics Risk factors which are based on incidence
Safety Officer	Real time forecasting of fire location Location of crew and victims Forecasting of injury
Patients	Real time forecasting of fire location Location of crew and victims Forecasting backdraft Projection of alternate exit
Hospital staff	Real time forecasting of fire location Location of crew and victims Flow-rate and pressure of water
Ventilation team	Real time forecasting of fire location Location of crew and victims Result of expected ventilation Suggestion for location and the type of ventilation used Projection of existed path

Design:

Objectives at high level	Objectives at low Level
Safety related with end user and the transported product	Act as a shock absorber
Control the temperature	Lightweight process
Easy to use	Cost Efficient in nature
Cost effective	materialistic properties
Standards should be meet	It can be practically applied by all type of user
Aerodynamics in nature	It make use of simple mechanism

[4]The requirements which are determined to make drone compatible are categorised as operational, efficient, safety, External shell for robust technology, aerodynamics in shape, stabilization at the extreme range of temperature, easy for attaching, cost efficient with low materials, versatile in nature, universal attachment of drone and etc.

The table below shows the compatible design of drone with the relevant functions:

Functions	Solutions
Monitoring of the temperature	Use of CPU monitor with the LED screen	Thermometer	Thermal strips	–
Reducing Shock	Use of shock absorbent material	Use of Springs	–	–
Power for the device	Use of Rechargeable battery	Li-ion battery	Solar	Use of Miniature battery

Specification of the Drone:

Specification	Comments
Weight	Around 420 grams Which makes use of carbon fibre frame which are light weight and resilience
Dimensions	It is about 45 * 29 cm
Front Camera	Helps in capturing real time feeding of data to the screens
Bottom video camera	It is used for the calculation of speed  and its position
Ultrasonic altimeter	It is used for measuring height
On board makes use of lithium ion batteries	The batteries provides 15 minutes of flying
The system named as micro electromechanical inertial guidance system	[5]It makes use of three axis accelerometer, two axis gyroscope, and the precision for single axis gyroscope

Activity Diagram:

In the above diagram, workers are able to see the flying of the drone at their site and they can interact with the drone as like they are face to face interacting with the safety manager. On the other hand, the safety manager can get the real time view of the site and can have an interface with the worker at the site. [6]The interactive window helps in performing the inspection task by getting interacting with the workers. The drone technology is divided into two modes one is the aerial drone and the other is the user interface. From the figure above, we can depict that the construction worker get interacted by the aerial drone while the safety manager make use of the user interface for inspecting the site. [7]With the implementation of the new technology that is drone in the fire system working a cultural change can be seen to a high extent. Authentication, authorization and protocols for security should be used for the implementation

The development of the drone should focus on the light system, easy deployment, cost efficient, and etc.

Sketch of the improved Proposal:

The proposed technology informed the user about the status of the situation. By making flame sensor technology, it provides the information to the user that the area is dangerous and equipped with flame. It provides the route and the location of safer area. Fire extinguishers are provided with the images of the situation by making use of thermal imaging camera.

Value of the Proposal

How it works:

S no.	Particulars	Description
1.	Status visibility of the system	User should be informed about the status of the system Feedback of the system should be provided Make use of user’s language
2.	Matching of system with the real world	[8]It follows the convention of the real world Information should be appear in real and logical order Emergency exit can be easily visible
3	Freedom from user control	It helps in supporting undo and redo operations
4	Consistency of the standard	Consistency can be achieved
5.	Prevention from the error	The designing should be carried out in such a way to prevent it from occurrence of the problem Visibility of the object, action, and option
6.	Recognition	Helps in reducing the load of the memory
7.	Efficient and flexible in use	Frequent actions can be performed
8.	Minimalist	Helps in performing frequent action by using shortcut
9.	Errors can be recognized, recovered, and diagnosed	Creation of good error messages
10.	Helps in preparing documentation	It results into easy searching to perform frequent task

Working:

The step by step procedure is explained below:

• I-Pad should be connected to the wireless drone by making use of Wi-Fi technology
• The application of the Video record should be started
• Drone should be set for take off
• The video camera is turned into start position
• It goes about 3 feet starting from point A to point B
• When it goes about 1 feet than the front camera changes into bottom camera
• Bottom camera continues to take pictures of the scenarios
• Now it will go back from point B to point A for landing
• Emergency button can be pressed for quick landing of the drone

[9]Drone helps in crowd management process at the time of occurrence of the disaster. The reason for crowd disaster can be categorised into three modules a) human error, b) structural failure, and c) Natural clause.

Issues Related in the construction and recommendation:

Description of the component	Issues	Recommendation
Flight Record Application	It does not have appropriate logo and the name used for inspection	The elements of the safety should be designed with the appropriate logo and the name
Switches which are placed between bottom and the front cameras	The button looks like a metaphor which is placed between bottom and the front cameras	Proper embedding of the switches and cameras should be done
Drone equipment showing forward speed	The direction arrow does not change with the change occurred in the direction. It remain constant	The direction of the arrow should be changed according to the direction of the drone
Battery bar and battery percentage equipment	Redundant data is provided by it	Only bar or percentage should be placed (any one)
Record or pause button placed for the front camera	When the button is off, it is not in the readable form	The concept of on or off should be embedded
Emergency reset button	During flying the button is red and changes into green at the time of emergency	Switching of red and green colours should be reduced to minimize the memory load

Environmental Factors which results into taking the action of safety inspection

Indicators of Environment	Implication of Usability
Temperature	Perspiration occurs when the temperature is hot
Snowfall and Precipitation	Waterproof drone should be used for controlling the device
Wind	Drone Stability
Cloud	Reflection and the brightness of the display

 

Reason for adopting Improved Proposal:

The effectiveness of the responders can be enhanced by making use of drone technology: Drone help in making aware about the important situation which need to be focused at the time of emergency

[10]Unique viewing angles can be achieved of the situation by using Drone technology at low altitudes: The existing manual flight operation system is incapable of taking different viewing angles at low altitudes.

Highly Deployable is the exciting feature of the drone technology: Small models capable of drone technology can be placed to record different situation.

Cost-efficient feature of drone technology: Robust drone system is cheaper than the manual aircraft flight operation system.

Drone technology helps in reducing the exposure of worker at disaster location: It helps in minimising the exposure of human at disaster location.

Recommendation:

The research on drone technology should make use of real time experimentation. In the implementation, the emphasis should be given on air worthiness, command and control of the drone. Drone location should be known by the manned aircraft at all the time. Piloting and feedback should be collected from drone at the time of fire situation which help the operator to handle the situation with ease. With the implementation of the new technology that is drone in the fire system working a cultural change can be seen to a high extent. The development of the drone should focus on the light system, easy deployment, cost efficient, and etc. Authentication, authorization and protocols for security should be used for the implementation. Fire-fighters can get the preview of the situation to cope with helps them to handle the situation with ease without facing any difficulty.

Conclusion:

In this paper, it has been noticed that how the design of drone is capable of helping fire department and the hospital staffs for counting the people who need help at the time of danger. When the danger of fire occurs in the hospitals, drone helps by making aware to relief worker to cope up with the situation more frequently. This newer technology is capable of mapping, risk assessment, and planning. By making use of drone technology, it is helpful to endeavour the three phases of the accident which can be categorised as pre-incident, during incident, and post incident. The smart fire protection technique gives assurance flow of critical information to the part of the organization where it is needed. From the research it has been observed that the disruption in the weather or earthquakes can result into the loss of power can occur in the hospitals this can be solved by drone by providing temporary infrastructure to the survivors. It has been determined from the research that manned flight operations are not effectively work and does not result into the positive alignment of the situation. 

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