Designing A Central Heating System For A Bungalow In The UK

Heat Exchange Formulae

Topic: Central heating system of Bungalow

The course of action of focal warming structure for the house on the prelude of liquid stream perspectives, for example, as material and direct confirmation and moreover warm exchanger graph begin .The house will be warmed utilizing a 42 kW hotter with a 20 ?C temperature refinement between the water river and outlet. This will utilized for masterminding warming structure on the start of Heat exchange edges (Cockroft, Cowie, Samuel, 2017).

The most comprehensively saw kind of Heat pump is the air-source warm pump, which exchanges warm between your home and the outside air. The present Heat pump can reduce your vitality use for warming by around half showed up distinctively in connection to electric affirmation warming, for example, radiators and baseboard radiators. High-reasonability warm pumps additionally dehumidify superior to anything standard focal ventilation systems, accomplishing less vitality utilize and the entire all the all the more cooling solace in summer months. Air-source warm pumps have been utilized for a long time in all parts of the United States, yet so far they have not been utilized as a bit of zones that master expanded conditions of subfreezing temperatures.

Heat exchanger is a constant flow adiabatic open framework in which two liquid s trade or exchange warm between them without losing or growing any glow from condition or incorporating. As indicated by constant stream vitality condition net change in enthalpy of Heat exchanger is zero. From thermodynamics we comprehend that glow move in any dependable weight process is equivalent to change in enthalpy of the liquid. In addition we expect that the largeness of the hot and cold liquids stays unflinching as they go through the glow exchanger. Solidifying in excess of two fixations it can be considered that the rate of Heat exchange among hot and chilly liquid in any glow exchanger is equivalent to the rate of enthalpy change of both of the liquids (Dellwig & Lipinski, 2017). The prosperity measure is that don’t utilize the relationship of condition for enrolling enthalpy change of any liquid in the event that it is experiencing stage change like in steam improvement.

Section 1

Using CIBSE Guide A the thermal values of a typical construction was used in order to determine the U-Values of 0.16 for the roof and 0.3 for the walls. Please see the below calculations;

Wall Calculation

Thermal Values of a Typical Construction

The top values reflect the dimensions of the materials used and the bottom values are the thermal conductivity values from table 3.47 of CIBSE Guide A. The surface and airspace values used in the calculation where from table 3.48 of CIBSE Guide A.

Roof Calculation

The top values in the below calculation again reflect the dimensions of the materials used and the bottom values are the thermal conductivity values from table 3.47,3.37 & 3.35 of CIBSE Guide A. The surface and airspace values used in the calculation where from table 3.48 of CIBSE Guide A

Section 2

The purpose of this assignment is to design the heating system by choosing either emitters, boilers, pumps etc. for the building layout provided. The choice of system selected will be identified within this report and all calculations and considerations will be taken into account when doing so.

Within this report the heat loss calculations will need to be collated for all the rooms on the first floor, this will then determine what type of emitters are required followed by the amount of heat required for each room.

U-Values;

Roof – 0.3 W/m^{2 o}C

Floor – 0.13 W/m^{2 o}C

Internal Partition Wall – 0.13 W/m^{2 o}C

Exposed Wall – 0.16 W/m^{2 o}C

Glazing – 2.1 W/m^{2 o}C

Louvre – 2.5 W/m^{2 o}C

Room Height 2.7m

Room Height in Corridor & Circulation Areas 2.4m

6 Air Changes per hour in Toilets

Heat Loss

Please see the heat loss calculations that have been completed by hand, this may take some considerable time to complete depending on the size of project. You can also do the heat loss calculations on various software packages.

There are two parts to the calculation of heat loss from any space. The fabric loss and the ventilation loss. The fabric loss consists of all the various areas of the structure that apply to the space (floor, roof, walls, windows, doors etc.) The ventilation loss is the rate of air change per hour.

The Fabric loss is calculated;

Q = U A ?t

Where;

Q = loss/gain of heat (Watts)

U = U-Value (W/m² K)

A = Area of the fabric considered (m²)

?t = Difference in temperature either side of the fabric (^oC)

Fabric Loss – Hall F-08

So for example the External partition calculation will be;

Q = 0.16 U-Value x (2.7 room height x 6.99 wall length) x 26 difference in temperature = 78.50

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

Calculations for Heat Loss and the Selection of Emitters

Ventilation loss – This is the rate of heat loss by the changing of air in the space a number of times per hour (Casado, Serafini, 2017).

The Ventilation loss is calculated;

Q = 0.33 N V ?t

Where;

Q = loss/gain of heat (Watts)

N = Number of air changes per hour

V = Volume of the room (m³)

?t = Difference in temperature either side of the fabric (^oC)

So for example the internal partition calculation will be;

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-08	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

The same will be done for the rest of the rooms on the first floor;

Fabric Loss – Hall F-09

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-09	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-10	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

Fabric Loss – Hall F-11

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-11	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

Fabric Loss – Hall F-12

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-12	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

Fabric Loss – Hall F-13

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.87	26	78.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	18.86	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	20.28	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	14.49	26	791.15
Roof	0.3	52.46	26	409.19
Floor	0.13	52.46	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1278.84

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Hall F-13	0.33	2	141.63	26	2430.45
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	3709.30

Fabric Loss – Hall F-14

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	18.96	26	78.87
External Wall 2	0.16	20.79	26	86.49
External Wall 3	0.16	5.35	26	22.26
External Wall 4	0.16	5.74	26	23.88
Internal Wall 5	0.13	11.19	0	0.00
Internal Wall 6	0.13	5.06	0	0.00
Internal Wall 7	0.13	18.36	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	11.19	26	610.97
Roof	0.3	68.88	26	537.26
Floor	0.13	68.88	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1359.73

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
IT Hall F-14	0.33	1	175.83	26	1508.60
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	2868.33

Fabric Loss – IT Office F-16

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	13.88	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	7.72	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	13.88	0	0.00
External Wall 4	0.16	7.72	26	32.12
Window(s)	2.1	1.25	26	68.25
Roof	0.3	14.70	26	114.66
Floor	0.13	14.70	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	215.03

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
IT Office F-16	0.33	1	39.69	26	340.55
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	555.57

Fabric Loss – Curriculum Resources F-17

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	19.06	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	10.10	0	0.00
External Wall 3	0.16	0.86	26	3.58
External Wall 4	0.16	19.06	26	79.29
External Wall 5	0.16	10.96	26	45.59
Window(s)	2.1	2.94	26	160.52
Roof	0.3	28.66	26	223.55
Floor	0.13	28.66	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	512.53

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Curriculum Resources F-17	0.33	0.7	77.39	26	464.81
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	977.35

Fabric Loss – Corridor F-18

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	50.55	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	3.98	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	16.77	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	0.67	0	0.00
External Wall 5	0.16	33.79	26	140.57
External Wall 6	0.16	4.47	26	18.60
Window(s)	2.1	9.06	26	494.68
Roof	0.3	38.91	26	303.50
Floor	0.13	38.91	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	957.34

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Corridor F-18	0.33	1	92.87	26	796.78
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	1754.12

Fabric Loss – Corridor F-19

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	51.6	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	4.37	0	0.00
External Wall 3	0.16	33.79	26	140.57
Internal Wall 4	0.13	0.67	0	0.00
Internal Wall 5	0.13	17.81	0	0.00
Internal Wall 6	0.13	3.98	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	9.06	26	494.68
Roof	0.3	37.95	26	296.01
Floor	0.13	37.95	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	931.25

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Corridor F-19	0.33	1	95.12	26	816.11
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	1747.36

Fabric Loss – Female WC F-07

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	7.48	0	0.00
External Wall 2	0.16	19.06	26	79.29
External Wall 3	0.16	19.06	26	79.29
External Wall 4	0.16	0.34	26	1.39
Internal Wall 5	0.13	8.78	0	0.00
Internal Wall 6	0.13	5.81	0	0.00
Internal Wall 7	0.13	4.68	0	0.00
Internal Wall 8	0.13	5.78	0	0.00
Internal Wall 9	0.13	5.27	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	1.88	26	102.65
Roof	0.3	37.75	26	294.45
Floor	0.13	37.75	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	557.07

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Female WC F-07	0.33	6	101.92	26	5246.76
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	5803.83

Fabric Loss – Staff WC F-06

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	5.54	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	4.41	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	5.54	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	4.41	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	0	0	0.00
Roof	0.3	3.35	26	26.13
Floor	0.13	3.35	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	26.13

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Staff WC F-06	0.33	6	9.05	26	465.88
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	492.01

Fabric Loss – Tea Point F-05

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	11.21	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	5.00	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	11.21	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	5.00	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	0.00	0	0.00
Roof	0.3	7.65	26	59.67
Floor	0.13	7.65	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	59.67

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Tea Point F-05	0.33	1	20.73	26	177.86
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	237.53

Fabric Loss – Lift Lobby F-03

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
Internal Wall 1	0.13	8.21	0	0.00
Internal Wall 2	0.13	6.77	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	8.78	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	6.77	0	0.00
Window(s)	2.1	0	0	0.00
Roof	0.3	9.96	26	59.67
Floor	0.13	9.96	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	77.69

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Lift Lobby F-03	0.33	1	24.79	26	212.72
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	290.41

Fabric Loss – Plant Room F-02

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	9.24	26	38.44
Internal Wall 2	0.13	18.35	0	0.00
Internal Wall 3	0.13	3.06	0	0.00
Internal Wall 4	0.13	6.72	0	0.00
Internal Wall 5	0.13	6.18	0	0.00
External Wall 6	0.16	11.63	26	48.38
Louvre	2.55	3.94	26	261.22
Roof	0.3	17.56	26	136.97
Floor	0.13	17.56	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	485.01

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Plant Room F-02	0.33	1	47.42	26	406.85
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	891.86

Fabric Loss – Link F-01

Surface	U Value (W/m^{2 o}C)	Area (m²)	Temperature Distance (^oC)	Heat Loss (W)
External Wall 1	0.16	13.1	26	54.50
Internal Wall 2	0.13	11.88	0	0.00
External Wall 3	0.16	12.65	26	52.62
External Wall 4	0.16	4.51	26	18.76
External Wall 5	0.16	1.31	26	5.45
External Wall 6	0.16	0.82	26	3.41
Window(s)	2.1	27.32	26	1491.67
Roof	0.3	17.39	26	135.64
Floor	0.13	17.39	0	0.00
Fabric Losses Total	1762.06

Ventilation Loss

	0.33	Air Change rate	Volume (m³)	Temperature Difference (^oC)	Losses (W)
Link F-01	0.33	1	43.22	26	370.84
Fabric Loss + Ventilation Losses = Total Heat Loss (W)	2132.90

From the below results you can see the total heat loss calculations for the complete first floor of the building.

Roof Loss	4660.66W
Floor Loss	0 W
External Wall Loss	1524.33 W
Internal Wall Loss	0 W
Window/ Louvre Loss	8431.57 W

Fabric Loss	14616.56W
Ventilation Loss	25390.49 W

Total Heat loss	40007.05 W

Using the total losses for all the rooms the radiators and boiler can be sized (Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Shi, J., Yang, 2016).

Heat Gains and Natural Ventilation

For a typical office on the first please see the below calculations for the peak heat gain, assuming full occupation, use of lighting and equipment.

Calculations for heat loads

Using Tables A6.1 to A6.11 from CIBSE Concise Handbook/ CIBSE Guide A, and the given design requirements, the below table showing heat gains can be created. The heat losses are from the calculated values in Section one of this report (Andrews & Young, 2016).

IT Office (14.7m²)	Sensible Heat Gain	Latent Heat Gain	Heat Loss
w	w	w
2 people	70 x 2	140	45 x 2	90	555.57
PCs (2no.)	55 x 2	110
PC Monitors (2no.)	70 x 2	140
Desktop Printer (2no.)	75 x 2	150
Desktop Photocopier (2no.)	85 x 2	170
Scanner (1no.)	25 x 1	25
Lighting	35 x 14.7	514.5
Solar Gain	N/A
		1249.5w		90w	555.57w

As the windows of the room are north facing we have assumed that the solar gains are negligible.

If total heat gains are 2000W

Conclusion

Notwithstanding, beginning late, air-source warm pump advancement has pushed with the target that it now offers an honest to goodness space warming option in colder areas. A 3-way focal warming pump is best to plan of focal warming pump assurance. In event of completely pumped open vented structure, the water is “pumped” around the foaming water and focal warming circuits. An empowered valve controls used to control the surge of water through the high temp water circuit or the focal warming circuit as fitting.

References

Cockroft, J., Cowie, A., Samuel, A., & Strachan, P. (2017). Potential energy savings achievable by zoned control of individual rooms in UK housing compared to standard central heating controls. Energy and Buildings, 136, 1-11.

Dellwig, S., & Lipinski, J. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,593,858. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Casado, M. R., Serafini, J., Glen, J., & Angus, A. (2017). Monetising the impacts of waste incinerators sited on brownfield land using the hedonic pricing method. Waste Management, 61, 608-616.

Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Shi, J., Yang, Z., & Chen, J. (2016). Research on the operating characteristics of floor heating system with residential EVI air source heat pump in China.

Andrews, L., & Young, R. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,328,932. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

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