Designing A Safe Plant For Scrap Glass Recycling

Risk Analysis and Mitigation

The following study analyzes the designing of a plant that recycles scrap glasses. There is a rising necessity to assure that the design of different important items of the plants and layout are done. This is to optimize every aspects of safety and permit an effective operation. Here, the designing of every plant items are done by other engineers who are highly expert in that area.

In this report various elements of the plant and its activities are selected. A series of recommendations are discussed regarding security. In order to understand the present scenario, risk analysis and mitigations are done. Then it is analyzed and criticized.

Risks	Analysis	Mitigation process Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper
Hazards of fire and explosion	The fire is a common hazard to the plant processing and operations. This is caused as proper maintenance of detectors and alarms are done suitably. Different factors behind this are the failure of various electrical equipments, unsuitable handling of raw materials to the plan processing. Apart from this there are also carelessness arising from operator side to plant sites. The current plan has comprised of chemical damage systems and various other tools that are results of explosions and loss of containment (Aragonés-Beltrán et al., 2014). Besides, the hackers are also able t6o hack fire systems and develop different false alarms rendering the unreliable	This includes the controlling of emissions of flammable mist, gases and vapors. There is use of ventilation system for controlling vapors as the abnormal and normal conditions goes on. The ignition sources are to be eradicated from the plants. Different systems are to be installed for detecting leaks of flammable vapors and gases and help to undertake activities to be taken. Further, intrinsically secure and flameproof equipments are to be used. Moreover, substituting flammable materials for the ones that are less flammable and combustible are to be used. Besides, incompatible materials like oils and oxidizers are to be assured that are segregated and separated (Kim, Lee & Jung, 2017). Moreover, different combustible and flammable quantities are to be reduced that includes items contributing to fire load. However, they are harmful chemicals themselves like oils and wooden pallets. Here, tools used in controlling flammable hazardous chemicals are to be ensured to maintain accordance to instructions of manufacturers. Then there should be adopting g of proper housekeeping practices in minimizing accumulation of combustible dusts.
Environmental hazards	The process plants are comprised of internal and external surrounding of the plants. Here, the environmental factors are the security, drainage, fences and bunds of emissions and operators from various process plants and waste products coming from plants (Halpin & Officer, 2016). Further, there are waste products that are coming from plants as outputs for the overall environment. Here, the adverse scenario gets affected because of chlorofluorocarbons. This plant gets handled by acids that are provided with large impacts over the environment across the process plant	Here post-consumer glass is the alternate. This is effective equally and lowering cost binder agent strategies for backfilling. This is implemented to assist in decreasing backfilling energy expenses. Thus it can ultimately eradicate the reduction of green house gas emissions. This is generated by the plant. Further, extensive engineering testing, comprising of pipe flow loop tests and tests of strengths can be induced to undertake technical feasibility of process integration under the industry (Noli & Tsamos, 2016). Financial assessments has discussed that the glass is competitive for cost relative to cements. Moreover, the socio economic studies have indicated that the use of glass in the plan can generate latest market for waste glass. This needs less processing with cost reduction.
Operational hazards	Staffs of the organization can get unsatisfied with their profession. They can turn into disgruntled. This has led to particular kinds of sabotage of employees. Here the employees are angry over management team and organizational processes that have started to slack the efforts. At social media threats, as the attacker compromises the social networking sire through malicious codes, the visitor gets susceptible to attacks (Thongthammachart, Pimkotr & Jinsart, 2017). Further, there is a probability of plane crash ion that plant. Hence the complete plant gets damaged and impacts the overall business activities of the plant. Further, there are also scopes of loss of important information of the business	The first mitigation plan is prevention. The regulatory actions, government and administrative must influence the methods the plant developed can reduce loses of hazards. This includes storm water management, regulations, open space preservations, capital improvement initiates, laws of flood plains and planning and zone. Then there must be public awareness and education. This is to inform citizens and elected officials regarding the ways and hazards to mitigate them. This involves outreach projects, and hazard information centers (Chen & Liou, 2016). Next, there is natural resource protection. This minimizes persevering, restoring the functions of natural systems. This also involves erosion and sediment control, streaming corridor restorations, watershed management, and wetland preservation and restoration (Gunnlaugsson, 2016). Next, there is emergency services that secure protect the plants immediately after the hazard event. This includes protection of essential facilities, emergency response services and warning systems. Then there is structural project where the activities include constructions of strictures to decrease the effect of the hazard. This includes retaining walls, setback levees, secured rooms and floodwalls.
Risks regarding health from pollution rising from various power generation tasks	It occurs mainly from burning coals. Various microscopic chemical elements and different pollutants get released into air with different smokestacks that are situated at pulverized facilities of coal combustions. It happen wide array of different health issues for various communities who are located about a hundreds of miles from the plant. Here the elements cause damages to circulatory and respiratory systems (Orita et al., 2015). Here the particles are linked to rise in rates of asthma, coughing and risks of infant death. Here, the cardiovascular disease is a popular concern in this type of coal based air pollution. As these elements enter the circulatory systems, they damage through oxidation and inflammation.Here, the process of inflammation constricts blood vessels that causes of rise in risks of various cardiovascular diseases. This includes strokes and heart attacks and can result in death. Here, the power plant emissions are also lined to rise in rates of asthma rates with chemical and dust particles that are released by facilities known to as respiratory irritants	Here the emissions must be controlled strictly to minimize pollutions. Here, various tools are the compulsory perquisites and must be specified under contract document. Emission will have to be strictly controlled to minimize pollution. The following equipments are compulsory requirements and should be specified in the contract document. Firstly, electrostatic precipitators or bag filter houses are vital and can capture most of the particles of fly ashes. This distinct fly ash must be handled pneumatically and stored in silos as a beneficial by-product use. Here, the output of the fly-ash in every plat is 4200 ton per day (Gong et al., 2018). Further, the flue-gas desulphurization of FGD is a tool that uses chemical scrubbers for removing sulphur-dioxide coming from exhaust flue gas. Besides, SCR or selective catalyst reduction can be deployed to eradicate nitrogen oxide coming from boiler exhaust. Here, the system uses ammonia for decreasing nitrogen oxide through catalysts o different simple nitrogen which is a harmless inert gas. This is an important application as an imported coal having huge content of nitrogen.
Health risk caused by electromagnetic fields in electricity distribution	Here most of the researches into this concern has focused on seeking out whether the magnetic field are the causes of cancers and can assist developments of cancerous conditions. Additional impacts as examined have miscarriages of depression and diseases of Alzheimer. Despite the researches, there are no persuasive proofs that are posed by the field regarding health risks. Here, the results obtained have highlighted that there are any risks (Li, Ma & Yang, 2018). As per a review published by WHO or World Health Organization in June 2007, usage of exposure guidelines published by International Commission over Non-ionizing radiation protections with low cost measures for reducing exposures. Here, this can be achieved readily	Here the share of electricity creation from all kinds of technologies has assumed that most of the available resources are not exceeded. This energy available is to be analyzed at regional basis, assuring that every assumption are met in principle. The quantities of biomass required from the available residues are needed to be purpose-grown. This can be constrained by water and land availability. Ad there are various uncertainties in this regard, there must be enough production that must be possible the area of the plant (Farfan & Breyer, 2017).

To analyze the risks the elements to be asked are as follows:

Figure 1: “The risk triplets”

(Source: Harrison & Lock, 2017)

These three questions are known as risk triplets. The engineers refer to this method as PRA or probabilistic risk assessment while analyzing risks at nuclear power plants. Here the analysis has been using and calculations to seek answers to risk triplet questions and generate tools known as event there and various fault trees (Mokhtar, Hassim & Taib, 2014). Here, the trees have been mapping out possible methods and likelihoods to reach the desirable and undesirable results in organized way. Here the engineers use those maps to understand and create nuclear power plant risks. This event tree begins with initiating events and tracking various provable event outcomes to prevent and reach the undesirable outcome. Further, the following elements can be concluded from the above action plans.

Figure 2: “Property risk assessment for power plants”

(Source:  Bruno et al., 2016, page number: 979-989)

In developing the plant there can be many operation and production risks. This includes marketing processes, product designs and labor force management. Here, the limited aspects these risks are to be picked by nuclear security risk analysis especially by PSA. The restricted aspects of those risks are to be picked by nuclear security risks analysis especially by PSA. Here the revisiting the current data from operational point of view has yielded notable benefits to be aware of operational risks (Sovacool, Nugent & Gilbert, 2014). Besides, various financial and commercial risks are to be determined. The movements of financial variables like finished products and resources for sales interest rates currency exchange rates have developed risk for the plant. As the plant moves from regulated to one rate-controlled area to a competitive selling of electricity, the economic variables are been expecting importance.

Figure 3: “Various levels of property risk Assessment”

(Source: Cai, 2015, page number: 186-192)

Then there are strategic risks. This has resulted from basic changes to economic, commercial and political scenarios. Here, the instances are shifts in governmental kinds and modifications of governmental spending trends, privatization challenges, nationalization and expropriation. Then there are change in kind of market competition and changes to public sentiment towards specific business lines, ownership partners and legal and regulatory changes in safety arenas and markets. The security in the projects is in vulnerable situations. The assessments of risk resources and security risks are the vital activities for prioritizing the current risks and manage them in the process to create the power plant as a hazardous sector as far as safety is concerned. Thus the security present the construction phase in power plant can be on the basis of Bow-tie-technique (Wheatley, Sovacool & Sornette, 2017).

Environmental Hazards

Figure 4: “Different strategic risks”

(Source: Brookes & Locatelli, (2015), page number: 55-56)

In order to understand the more effectiveness of the study, two phases of the system descriptions and determining risk sources are to be implemented and designed prior the risk is analyzed. This includes determination of path of every branch of the bow-tie chart and the outcomes of analysis in the relationship taking place between elements of every activity and threats. Here, the outcomes of the relationship between the elements of threats and every activities and greatest level of threats can be determined by various elements. This includes the following:

Figure 5: “Various sectors of risk threats for the plant”

(Source: Lee & Kang, 2016, 111-123)

Here various issues are identified and proper recommendations are suggested as far as securities in various problematic areas are concerned:

• Roadways on site:
• Here the scopes arising are to mitigate and decrease the adverse effects in modifying and repairing current roads that has to be overlooked. Here environmental considerations are to be included in plans that are to make to repair or modify the current roads and pans to create new roads.
• Turning radii:
• Here the turning speeds must be restricted to `5 mph and less. This speed is less to pedestrian security.
• Clearance between buildings:
• The clearance between the ground and proximity to objects has been decreased to effectively insulate any aspect not placed in position where hazards can take place.
• Safe stack heights of bundles:
• This includes block staking, brick stacking, pinwheel stacking and irregular stacking.
• Crane operations:
• The reasons regarding where the rules and regulations are violated are to be used. Then inadequate information and knowledge are to be deployed. Further, different human errors are to be identified.
• Forklift operations:
• Loaded trucks are to be driven and the unloaded trucks are to be driven with fork downgrade. They must never p driven with load downgrade. Here, for kits must never be turned on grade.
• Lighting requirements both indoor and outdoor:
• Security practices according to availability of emergency lighting, particularly performance and operations testing and evacuation of lighting systems are suggested. These performances are also expounded on particularizing measurements for least energy requirements and effective allocation.
• Positions of employee facilities:
• The biggest line item of employee benefit is the budget that is complex to maintain because of rise in premiums rapidly. Here small business has opted to drop health insurances in current years. This is trend to be prompted in healthcare reform legislation that has currently signed into the law.
• Stocking of medical rooms of employee facilities:
• Here some facilities have a single health worker and staffs. Here prevention of expensive and wasteful over-loading and various overstocking is to be done.
• Gating or fencing needs of the site:
• This barrier should be along the site property line and under huge campus. This must be selected solely by the necessity of the plant. Here, some wide guidelines are to be provided for designing the barrier systems.
• Positioning and sizing receiving area:
• Here the employers are to be provided with recommendations and must be included in the layout. Here the dock approach is the topographical configuration is the sector used. This provides employers with sales and recommendations. Here the storage capacities are to be included to the layout. The dock is the approach to the topographical configuration of the area used and position of trailers. However it can allow water runoff from the plant.

Conclusion:

Here most of the development of tools is related to risk management, reliability, human factors and securities are related to the plan. However, the close association between the subjects, there are various approaches. The reliability engineering approaches have used various tools for missing the component failures causing the failure of complicate systems. Here, the techniques must include reliability, safety factors, standby sparing, diversity, redundancy and instances. Here the plant can cause accident and this can be a complicated assimilation of various human actions, design errors, faulty maintenance, component failure an actuation of control and instrumentation.

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