The selected methodologies for the development of an Online Mercy Hospital Pharmacy system are modified waterfall model and unified process.
Modified waterfall model
This methodology is a popular version of system development life cycle model (SDLC). The advantage of this waterfall development is that it provides permission for departmentalization as well as executive control. There are five phases of modified waterfall model such as requirements, design, implementation, verification and maintenance (Rouse 2016). A schedule is being set with strict deadlines for each of the development stages and a product is being preceded with the development processes.
Development moves from the concept, throughout design, implementing, testing, installation, troubleshooting as well as ending of the process as well as continuance. The key modules into the pharmacy system include patient management (registration along with long term care), patient care management (pharmacy activities), financial module (billing, management of materials, accounts and payable, payroll), support modules (pharmacy label printer’s combination), capture of image and document.
Unified process
The other software development methodology is unified process which is an incremental development process which for development of pharmacy system. This methodology describes an easy to understand approach in order to develop business application software (Tipaldi et al. 2013). It understands the nature and functions of the pharmacy business such as filling of the medical prescriptions for the hospital patients as well as distributes of the medications to the nurse stations those are responsible for care of the patients. Unified process model identifies the viable solution in order to address the problem domain of manual process.
The implementation of the computer application as information system transforms the model into executable code as well as carries out of basic level of testing. An objective evaluation is performed in order to ensure the quality of the information system. Testing is done to find the defects, validate if the system is working as per the design and verifies if the customer’s requirements are met.
The delivery of the information system is planned and executed it to make availability of the system to the users (Alshamrani and Bahattab 2015). Using these particular software methodologies, all the project activities for development of pharmacy system is directed in the project work. It includes of management of the risks, directs people, and coordinates with people as well as system outside the project scope to deliver the project work on time and budget.
Comparison of modified waterfall model and unified process
Work breakdown structure (WBS)
The WBS is drawn for the Online Mercy Hospital Pharmacy system which consists of software is used for generation of reports, prints of invoices, bills, receipts. It also records the database of the send and delivery of the prescriptions to different pharmacy stations.
|
WBS |
Task Name |
Duration |
|
1.1 |
Project planning phase |
10 days |
|
1.1.1 |
Preliminary estimation |
2 days |
|
1.1.2 |
Preparation of the technical specifications |
4 days |
|
1.1.3 |
Startup of the project review |
4 days |
|
1.2 |
Project analysis phase |
10 days |
|
1.2.1 |
Identify the project stakeholders |
2 days |
|
1.2.2 |
Identify the use cases to develop pharmacy system |
3 days |
|
1.2.3 |
Identify the hardware and software requirements |
5 days |
|
1.3 |
Project design phase |
9 days |
|
1.3.1 |
Design report layout |
1 day |
|
1.3.2 |
Identify the program classes |
3 days |
|
1.3.3 |
Design of the information system architecture |
5 days |
|
1.4 |
Project implementation phase |
8 days |
|
1.4.1 |
Implementation of pharmacy database system |
3 days |
|
1.4.2 |
Programming of the database |
3 days |
|
1.4.3 |
Coding of the pharmacy database |
1 day |
|
1.4.4 |
Set up the system as per user’s requirements |
1 day |
|
1.5 |
Project testing phase |
23 days |
|
1.5.1 |
Functional testing |
7 days |
|
1.5.2 |
User acceptance testing |
9 days |
|
1.5.3 |
Prepare the release |
5 days |
|
1.5.4 |
Release of new information system |
2 days |
Table 1: Work breakdown structure
(Source: Created by author)
As reflected into the work breakdown structure of the project plan, it provides with the outline of the project activities which are required to complete within scheduled time as shown in the above table.
Project Gantt chart
Following table is the project schedule of the project plan of development of pharmacy system. Gantt chart is shown which provides the details of the tasks along with the duration of each activity, in addition to its start as well as finish date. Microsoft Project Software is used to draw the Gantt chart of the project plan. From the below table, it is estimated that the total duration for the development process is 60 days. The start date is 12/15/17 and end date is 3/8/18.
|
WBS |
Task Name |
Duration |
Start |
Finish |
|
1 |
Online Mercy Hospital Pharmacy system |
60 days |
Fri 12/15/17 |
Thu 3/8/18 |
|
1.1 |
Project planning phase |
10 days |
Fri 12/15/17 |
Thu 12/28/17 |
|
1.1.1 |
Preliminary estimation |
2 days |
Fri 12/15/17 |
Mon 12/18/17 |
|
1.1.2 |
Preparation of the technical specifications |
4 days |
Tue 12/19/17 |
Fri 12/22/17 |
|
1.1.3 |
Startup of the project review |
4 days |
Mon 12/25/17 |
Thu 12/28/17 |
|
1.2 |
Project analysis phase |
10 days |
Fri 12/29/17 |
Thu 1/11/18 |
|
1.2.1 |
Identify the project stakeholders |
2 days |
Fri 12/29/17 |
Mon 1/1/18 |
|
1.2.2 |
Identify the use cases to develop pharmacy system |
3 days |
Tue 1/2/18 |
Thu 1/4/18 |
|
1.2.3 |
Identify the hardware and software requirements |
5 days |
Fri 1/5/18 |
Thu 1/11/18 |
|
1.3 |
Project design phase |
9 days |
Fri 1/12/18 |
Wed 1/24/18 |
|
1.3.1 |
Design report layout |
1 day |
Fri 1/12/18 |
Fri 1/12/18 |
|
1.3.2 |
Identify the program classes |
3 days |
Mon 1/15/18 |
Wed 1/17/18 |
|
1.3.3 |
Design of the information system architecture |
5 days |
Thu 1/18/18 |
Wed 1/24/18 |
|
1.4 |
Project implementation phase |
8 days |
Thu 1/25/18 |
Mon 2/5/18 |
|
1.4.1 |
Implementation of pharmacy database system |
3 days |
Thu 1/25/18 |
Mon 1/29/18 |
|
1.4.2 |
Programming of the database |
3 days |
Tue 1/30/18 |
Thu 2/1/18 |
|
1.4.3 |
Coding of the pharmacy database |
1 day |
Fri 2/2/18 |
Fri 2/2/18 |
|
1.4.4 |
Set up the system as per user’s requirements |
1 day |
Mon 2/5/18 |
Mon 2/5/18 |
|
1.5 |
Project testing phase |
23 days |
Tue 2/6/18 |
Thu 3/8/18 |
|
1.5.1 |
Functional testing |
7 days |
Tue 2/6/18 |
Wed 2/14/18 |
|
1.5.2 |
User acceptance testing |
9 days |
Thu 2/15/18 |
Tue 2/27/18 |
|
1.5.3 |
Prepare the release |
5 days |
Wed 2/28/18 |
Tue 3/6/18 |
|
1.5.4 |
Release of new information system |
2 days |
Wed 3/7/18 |
Thu 3/8/18 |
Project budgeting
|
Cost-Benefit – INPUT VALUES |
|
|
Hardware |
$ 10,000.00 |
|
Software |
$ 6,000.00 |
|
Development team salaries |
$ 9,000.00 |
|
Training |
$ 5,000.00 |
|
Total Development Cost |
$ 30,000.00 |
|
Hardware |
$ 1,000.00 |
|
Software |
$ 1,000.00 |
|
Operational Labor |
$ 1,500.00 |
|
Total Operational Cost |
$ 3,500.00 |
|
Approximate salary savings |
$ 100,000.00 |
|
Reduced operating cost |
$ 4,000.00 |
|
Total Benefit |
$ 104,000.00 |
|
Discount Rate Used |
7.00% |
|
Project Cost-Benefit Analysis |
||||||
|
Economic Benefit |
$0.00 |
$ 104,000.00 |
$ 104,000.00 |
$ 104,000.00 |
$ 104,000.00 |
$ 104,000.00 |
|
Discount Rate |
1.0000 |
0.9346 |
0.8734 |
0.8163 |
0.7629 |
0.7130 |
|
PV of Benefits |
$0.00 |
$97,196.26 |
$90,837.63 |
$84,894.98 |
$79,341.10 |
$74,150.56 |
|
NPV of all BENEFITS |
$0.00 |
$ 97,196.26 |
$ 188,033.89 |
$ 272,928.87 |
$ 352,269.97 |
$ 426,420.53 |
|
Recurring Costs |
$0.00 |
$ (3,500.00) |
$ (3,500.00) |
$ (3,500.00) |
$ (3,500.00) |
$ (3,500.00) |
|
Discount Rate |
1.0000 |
0.9346 |
0.8734 |
0.8163 |
0.7629 |
0.7130 |
|
PV of Recurring Costs |
$0.00 |
$ (3,271.03) |
$ (3,057.04) |
$ (2,857.04) |
$ (2,670.13) |
$ (2,495.45) |
|
NPV of all COSTS |
$ (30,000.00) |
$ (33,271.03) |
$ (36,328.06) |
$ (39,185.11) |
$ (41,855.24) |
$ (44,350.69) |
|
Yearly NPV Cash FLOW |
$ (30,000.00) |
$ 93,925.23 |
$ 87,780.59 |
$ 82,037.94 |
$ 76,670.97 |
$ 71,655.11 |
|
Overall NPV Cash FLOW |
$ (30,000.00) |
$ 63,925.23 |
$ 151,705.83 |
$ 233,743.76 |
$ 310,414.73 |
$ 382,069.84 |
|
Project breakeven occurs between 0 and 1 year |
Discussion of break even period and Return on investment (ROI)
From the above cost benefit analysis table, it is shown that the initial investment cost to develop the pharmacy system is $30,000 and the recurring cost is $3500. The cost and benefit is projected for a total period of 5 years. After providing the discount rate of 7%, there is total new present value of $ 382,069. The return on investment is 86.14% with a payback period of 116.58 days.
Breakeven period
It is the time period when both development cost and recurring cost is equal to the project benefit cost. The cost benefit analysis is for the pharmacy system with a breakeven period is between 0 and 1 year. Therefore, the company takes of over 1 year to cover the project cost to get a positive return.
Return on investment
It is the value that the company will get return relative to the cost of investment. Here, the return on investment is 86.14%.
References
Alshamrani, A. and Bahattab, A., 2015. A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model, spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 12(1), p.106.
Elghondakly, R., Moussa, S. and Badr, N., 2015, December. Waterfall and agile requirements-based model for automated test cases generation. In Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS), 2015 IEEE Seventh International Conference on (pp. 607-612). IEEE.
Rouse, M., 2016. Waterfall model. Essential guide: CIO guide to project management basics DevOps and Agile, pp.1-50.
Singh, D., Thakur, A. and Chaudhary, A., 2015. A Comparative Study between Waterfall and Incremental Software Development Life Cycle Model. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology, 2(04).
Tipaldi, M., Götz, C., Ferraguto, M., Troiano, L. and Bruenjes, B., 2013. The Robust Software Feedback Model: an effective Waterfall Model tailoring for Space SW. Proceedings of DASIA-Data Systems in Aerospace.
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