Diagnosis Of Paranoid Schizophrenia

Diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia

This following write-up is an assessment of Kelvin’s condition diagnosis, his suffering with and definition of the term paranoid schizophrenia which has been identified. The essay will also outline the signs and symptoms that Kelvin presents with, and the etiology will be explored to understand the cause of his mental condition. Having examined his situation, it’s imperative to demonstrate an understanding of ways to promote his health and recovery concepts to enable his recovery.

Schizophrenia refers to a mental disease that makes individuals to view the realities of life differently albeit abnormally (Barrantes-Vidal, Grant, and Kwapil, 2015). On the other hand, Paranoid Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease that cuts an individual from the reality. The case study shows Kevin’s hallucination which is auditory as he hears voices that do not exist. Kevin also has paranoid delusions; he believes that the government wants to harm him prompting him to hide indoors. Moreover, Kevin has misinterpreted the man who tells him about ‘cover signal.’ Therefore Kevin thinks in a disorderly manner and is behaving abnormally.

The combination of the conditions associated with Paranoid Schizophrenia instills a strange behavioral change in the victim. Moreover, the patient loses the drive to perform daily duties including absenteeism from the workplace (Galván?Arrieta et al., 2017). The case study indicates that Kevin quit his part-time job. A person who has Paranoid Schizophrenia requires long-lasting medical care (Lawrence et al., 2015). The clinicians should firstly conduct preliminary tests and treatment to manage the symptoms. However, a detailed treatment timeframe restores a normal victim state.

Paranoid Schizophrenia occurs as a result of abnormalities in the Central Nerves System (CNS) (Subburaju, Coleman, Ruzicka, and Benes, 2016). The dysfunctions arise as a result of the reduced size of the CNS and destruction of the gay matter components of the brain (Misiak et al., 2017). The condition is hereditary especially from an individual’s parents (Misiak et al., 2017). The situation results from overworking at the place of work. Additionally, infection by a virus leads to the disease (Misiak et al., 2017). Low levels of oxygen at birth also cause paranoid Schizophrenia (Misiak et al., 2017). The above morphological changes in the brain structure occur at the early stages of the disorder.

The long-term progression of Paranoid Schizophrenia results from entirely different abnormalities of the Brain (Lawrence et al., 2015). When the condition sets in, the healthy brain metabolism stops. Thus, the brain lacks enough energy to perform its coordination functions (Lawrence et al., 2015). The resulting delusions and hallucinations are as a result of increased activity by the system of the mesolimbic section of the brain (Sakamoto, and Crowley, 2018).

Auditory Hallucinations: refers to perceiving things that are not real. Kevin understands that the government is conducting experiments in his brain (Misiak et al., 2017). In reality, the government is not monitoring him. Kevin feels that the guy at the pub is pointing at him while in the real sense; the guy is on an entirely different topic. Paranoid Delusion is another symptom. A delusional individual has incorrect beliefs (Misiak et al., 2017). Kevin believes that the government is monitoring his movement, which is a false assumption. A schizophrenia patient develops a negative attitude towards different aspects of life. The negativity in Kevin makes him terminate his job and stay indoors away from family members.

Etiology of Paranoid Schizophrenia

Medication interventions

 The treatment process includes medication and psychotherapy. The drugs that doctors recommend are mostly antipsychotics (Baker, Konova, Daw, and Horga, 2018). Patients whose body systems reject the drugs should get an injection with the liquid forms of the dosage. Additionally, the treatment can combine a broad range of care options. The simplest of the combinations involve injection and drug administration (Baker et al., 2018). Apart from the medication, the doctors and the family of the patient can take them through physiotherapy.

Psychotherapy enables the patients to manage the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. The interventional regiment boosts the body functions (Baker et al., 2018). Thus, the intervention uplifts behaviors such as staying indoors always. The doctors should train the patient on the essence of social interactions. The training enables the victim to stop staying indoors and freely interact with family and friends (Baker et al., 2018).

After recuperation, family members should help the patient to get another job. Since the disease leads an individual to quit their job, they need a new employment opportunity (Barrantes-Vidal, Grant, and Kwapil, 2015). The doctors should assist the patients to manage the depression that the condition brings to the victims (Baker et al., 2018). Individuals who have Paranoid Schizophrenia require support, love, and care from the relatives and the nurses. The family can assist the patient to assess the best treatment options (Mondino et al., 2015). Additionally, the relatives can also help the victims in symptoms management and get their normal lives back.

The medical stakeholders, media, and the government should join hands and train the general public on how to deal with future paranoid schizophrenia. Family members should maintain a healthy relationship (Mondino et al., 2015). Additionally, the job market should readily absorb the people living with paranoid schizophrenia after their rehabilitation (Barrantes-Vidal, Grant, and Kwapil, 2015). In case of a future reoccurrence of the disease, the family should not hesitate in alerting the doctors (Mondino et al., 2015). The relatives should improve the amount of love and support towards the patient (Mondino et al., 2015). The relatives should research to understand the signs and symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. They should recognize the symptoms at early stages and deal with the symptoms at the appropriate time (Millan, Fone, Steckler, and Horan, 2014). The health facilities should offer affordable treatment for the victims (Barrantes-Vidal, Grant, and Kwapil, 2015). The government should equip health facilities with appropriate resources to manage schizophrenia (Millan et al., 2014). Health facilities should have an elaborate framework for dealing with individual symptoms of the disease.

Conclusion

Paranoid Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that causes auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions to the patient. Kevin has paranoid schizophrenia. Apart from the delusional feelings and the tendency to hallucinate, the disorder impacts negativity on the mind of the patient.  Caring for the patient involves giving them medication and psychotherapy. The patients require love and support from the relatives. The family members should help them get new employment after rehabilitation

References

Baker, S., Konova, A., Daw, N. and Horga, G., (2018). T216. Deficient Belief Updating Explains Abnormal Information Seeking Associated With Delusions in Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 83(9), p.S212.

Barrantes-Vidal, N., Grant, P. and Kwapil, T.R., (2015). The role of schizotypy in the study of the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(suppl_2), pp.S408-S416.

Galván?Arrieta, T., Trueta, C., Cercós, M.G., Valdés?Tovar, M., Alarcón, S., Oikawa, J., Zamudio?Meza, H. and Benítez?King, G., (2017). The role of melatonin in the neurodevelopmental etiology of schizophrenia: A study in human olfactory neuronal precursors. Journal of pineal research.

Lawrence, D., Johnson, S., Hafekost, J., Boterhoven de Haan, K., Sawyer, M., Ainley, J. and Zubrick, S.R., 2015. The mental health of children and adolescents: report on the second Australian child and adolescent survey of mental health and wellbeing.

Millan, M.J., Fone, K., Steckler, T. and Horan, W.P., (2014). Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical characteristics, pathophysiological substrates, experimental models and prospects for improved treatment. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(5), pp.645-692.

Misiak, B., Stramecki, F., Gaw?da, ?., Prochwicz, K., S?siadek, M.M., Moustafa, A.A. and Frydecka, D., (2017). Interactions Between Variation in Candidate Genes and Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Molecular neurobiology, pp.1-26.

Mondino, M., Jardri, R., Suaud-Chagny, M.F., Saoud, M., Poulet, E. and Brunelin, J., (2015). Effects of frontotemporal transcranial direct current stimulation on auditory verbal hallucinations and resting-state functional connectivity of the left temporoparietal junction in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(2), pp.318-326.

Sakamoto, K. and Crowley, J.J., (2018). A comprehensive review of the genetic and biological evidence supports a role for microRNA?137 in the etiology of schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 177(2), pp.242-256.

Subburaju, S., Coleman, A.J., Ruzicka, W.B. and Benes, F.M., (2016). Toward dissecting the etiology of schizophrenia: HDAC1 and DAXX regulate GAD 67 expression in an in vitro hippocampal GABA neuron model. Translational Psychiatry, 6(1), p.e723.