Case Study 1
1. Alex should enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the following categories; lots of vegetables and legumes/ beans, plenty of fruits, cereals preferably whole grains and/or varieties of high fibre content, lean meats and white meats and finally milk or milk products or their alternatives which should have reduced fat content. On the contrary, the types of food that Alex feeds on are of the nature that is completely opposite of what is suggested by the above guideline. His diet lacks fruits, vegetables and is completely dominated by foods of high fat content.
It is also his responsibility to limit himself from intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salts and sugars and alcohol. On the contrary, Alex has a habit of taking pizza, chips and doughnuts among others on a daily basis whereas they are saturated with fats. He must also drink a bottle of coke during lunch and have the same or alternate it with beer during dinner. Coke contains high levels of added sugars while beer contains alcohol and thus his feeding habit is a complete contradiction of guideline 3.
In conclusion, guideline 1 stipulates that Alex should find relevant means of achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks that meets his energy needs. He however makes no effort of achieving the same as he has no physical exercise programme to help him maintain healthy weight. He also consumes foods of high fat content and takes drinks containing high added sugar and alcohol irrationally without choosing the right amounts that will only meet his energy requirements.
2. Since Alex struggles to get sustainable employment, it therefore goes without saying that hes limited incomes. He could therefore lack access to nutritious types of food that could prove too expensive for him to purchase. Cheap foods that are readily available in the market are not the best for health and wellbeing. I could therefore strongly advice Alex to secure a more sustainable employment so as to have consistent flow of income to support a healthy dietary.
He should embrace consumption of diets low in saturated fats as unsaturated fats are an essential composition of a healthy diet. He should therefore avoid the following foods; pizza, doughnuts, chips, biscuits and any other foods fried in hydrogenated vegetable oil. He should also avoid drinks with added sugars concentration and instead embrace artificially sweetened drinks.
Being an individual who takes food for comfort is another disadvantage for Alex. He should instead forget this behaviour and embrace consumption of food for nutritional benefits derived from such foods.
3.The amount of information that Alex receives from his general practitioner is not adequate enough for him to make relevant decisions on his dietary. I would therefore refer him to a nutritionist for him to receive practical and detailed advice on the foods to consume to ease his situation.
Case Study 2
1. Amber being a pregnant woman ought to encourage, support and promote breastfeeding. This can only be possible if she could embrace and adopt healthy dietary. She should however cease the habit of eating sporadically as this denies her the chance to ingest healthy and useful food in her body. Her occasional feeding on muesli is however advantageous to her body and will help her during breastfeeding as muesli is a whole grain that is rich in fibre. She clearly understands that a good diet will aid her breastfeeding but it the high time that she implements her knowledge.
She should strive to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious drinks and food that will meet her daily energy requirements. Whereas breakfast is a very crucial composition of a person’s healthy diet, Amber misses it most of the times. She therefore denies her body essential nutrients necessary to generate enough energy for her to perform her routinely activities and therefore ends up straining her body. She should also embrace consumption of the right quantities of the right quality food since her feeding quantities are typically determined by whether she has nausea or not.
Amber rarely enjoys a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five key groups as stipulated by guideline 2. She lacks vegetables and legumes in her diet and thus denies her body essential nutrients that emanates from such foods. Apart from a slice of tomato included in her toasted sandwich for lunch, Amber does not embrace feeding on fruits. This will have a negative impact on her health as her body will suffer from vitamins deficiency which can only be obtained in plenty through consumption of fruits. She also lacks at least lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs nuts and seeds or legumes/beans in her diet. These foods are crucial in the provision of proteins which is vital for healthy living and pregnancy development.
It is also her responsibility to limit herself from intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugar and alcohol. She has a tendency of consuming butter which contains high levels of saturated fats that could harm her body. She should consider replacing it with foods that contains predominantly polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. Amber is whoever commended for avoiding alcoholic drinks and those containing added sugars.
Amber lacks sufficient care for her food. Many are the times that she and her husband will order ready meals with little or no information on how they were prepared. They should also consider consumption of fresh food as ordering pizza and Thai food twice a week means they will have to resolve to storage methods for longer periods whereas they are not aware of when their supplier had prepared the food.
2. To achieve a healthy dietary pattern, amber should first change her influencing factors on food choices. Her food choice is mostly influenced by morning sickness and nausea. Such factors are however temporary and should not influence her food choice as the effects of the choices she makes will be long-lasting in her body. She should also consider sparing substantial amount of time from her work place to be able to prepare her own food and minimize taking ordered pizza and Thai food.
Consumption of diets low in saturated fat is another habit that she should embrace to achieve a healthy dietary pattern. She should minimize, and if possible, completely stop consuming butter as it is a major source of saturated fat. She should consider replacing it with foods containing unsaturated fats as such fats are essential components of a healthy diet.
Finally. Amber should make extra effort to maximise fibre intake. She should embrace consumption of foods high in dietary fibre such as vegetables especially legumes, fruits and wholegrain foods as encouraged by the dietary guidelines. The crucial function of fibre in the the body is to aid in prevention of major chronic diseases and helping in weight control.
3. I would refer Amber to an accredited practicing dietitian. She is in urgent need of qualified supervision as she is responsible for two lives; hers and that of her unborn child. She therefore needs close attention and advice on the kind of foods that will suit her body and at the same time provide all the necessary nutrients to ensure proper growth of her unborn child. An accredited practising dietitian perfectly suits her need as he will be able to translate scientific nutrition information into practical dietary advice.
Case Study 3
1. James has a typically healthy pattern though it is in absentia of several aspects. He is observant to Australian dietary guideline 1 that aims to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose the right amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet an individual’s energy needs. The content of his diet is amounts to what is just enough to meet his energy requirements. Grilled steak and chicken salad helps him maintain muscle strength and healthy weight.
He however does not enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five key categories brought into the lime -light by guideline 2. In each category, he limits himself to specific foods whereas he is supposed to explore and enjoy as many varieties of food lying under each category as possible. It is also notable that his diet does not include milk, yoghurt and cheese and/or any of their alternatives. He also does not include drinking water in his diet.
Guideline 3 advices James to limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugar and alcohol. He is further advised to replace foods that contains the mentioned components with nutritious foods in absentia of the same. James takes at least half an avocado as part of his breakfast. Avocado is rich in predominantly monounsaturated fats and therefore he is in line with the guideline. His diet also lacks such drinks that are alcoholic or contains added sugars. He therefore conforms to this guideline fully.
In conclusion, James has taken it as his personal responsibility to care for his food, prepare and store it safely. He is the one who prepares all his food from scratch, and does so using clean utensils. He has adopted an effective storage method of using a fridge to store all his perishable foodstuffs and use of sealed Tupperware containers to conceal food remnants from any kind of contamination. Again, he is in conformity with guideline 5
2. For James to achieve a healthy dietary pattern, he should focus on consuming foods low in saturated fat. it is possible for him to actualize this by; trimming any visible fats from meat before grilling it. Removing fat pads and skin from chicken is also another effective way of ensuring that all the meats he ingests is lean. He should also embark on consumption of reduced fat milk, yoghurt and cheese. He should also consider using small amounts of unsaturated oils or spreads when preparing his food in preference to other cooking fats.
James diet has a deficiency of fibre. He should therefore embark on consuming such foods that will maximise fibre intake. This can be achieved by ingestion of fruits, either fresh or canned. He should however avoid fruit juices as they contain little or no dietary fibre. Considering his condition as a gluten intolerant, he should not seek fibre from foods such as wholegrain bread, whole meal pasta and such other breakfast cereals that could contain high contents of gluten.
3. James should seek the attention of an accredited practising dietitian. He will get all the relevant help and advice from this professional on the kind of foods that he should consume while at the same time taking into account all his health conditions and more so cardiovascular disease.
Case Study 4
1. Following her desires to qualify for the next Olympic games, Linda ought to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and also choose amounts of nutritious foods that will be sufficient for her energy needs. She puts considerable efforts towards achieving this through consumption of foods such as cheese and paste which are components of a healthy dietary. It is observable that she literally consumes considerably low amounts of food taking into consideration that she requires relatively higher amounts of energy for her practice.
Guideline 3 stipulates that she should avoid foods containing saturated fat, added salts, added sugars and alcohol. Contrary to this, she has been consuming three to four cups of black coffee daily. It goes without saying that the coffee contains lethal amounts of added sugars and thus hinders her from achieving the requirements of this guideline. Its therefore advisable for her to completely cut consumption of black coffee.
Guideline 5 demands that one should care for their food by, preparing and storing it safely. Linda is observant to this requirement but its saddening that at time she forgets returning milk remnant in the fridge after taking what is enough in the morning. By leaving it outside the fridge, it has high possibilities of getting contaminated or going bad and could be a major cause of health disorders. Linda should therefore put extra care to ensure that she falls in line with this guideline.
2. To achieve a healthy dietary pattern, Linda should consider reducing the amount of added sugars that she takes in her body. The first crucial step to take is to reduce the amount of black coffee taken daily and if possible, stop it totally. Alternatively, she could avoid using sugar additives in her coffee and instead embrace artificial sweeteners. This will help her evade the risk of excessive weight gain that would ruin her talent as an athlete.
Though she consumes Nutri Grain cereal for breakfast and pasta for lunch, she should consider additional foods to maximise fibre intake. Her diet is in deficiency of fruits and vegetables which are alternative sources of fibre that could compliment the current ones. She should also consider including legumes, nuts and seeds in her diet for her to sail towards achieving healthy dietary patterns.
Before purchasing any foodstuffs, Linda should also conduct thorough checks on the food labels. This will help her understand the nutritional constituents of the foods that she is about to buy. This will again help her achieve a healthy dietary pattern as no purchase of un-nutritious food will be made whether knowingly or unknowingly. She will also be able to distinguish between such foods that contains saturated fats and those of unsaturated composition.
3. Linda is an athlete. The professional best suit for her is an accredited sports dietitian. Such a person will help her settle on diets that are best fit for a person conducting vigorous exercise like she is doing in her preparation for Olympic qualification.
Case Study 5
1. Olly is trying as much as he can to lose weight. Guideline 1 urges one to achieve and maintain a healthy weight be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet one’s energy requirements. It is however notable that Olly consumes large amounts of food and this is directly attributable to his low rate of weight loss despite numerous efforts to attain the same. Olly should however embark on consumption of foods that will aid him in maintenance of muscle strength.
Olly should also be enjoying a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five core groups on a daily basis. It is notable that he includes vegetables in his diet but not in sufficient quantities. His breakfast which consists of whole grain toast is commendable but he should seek to replace the butter aspect with other alternatives. His daily consumption of butter also explains why je has a slow rate of weight loss as butter is a weight booster. Olly is to be commended for including plenty of water in his diet.
Guideline 3 limits Olly from intake of food that contains saturated fat, added salt and added sugar. It is commendable that Olly has been able to observe this guideline. He should however embrace the use of oils and spreads in preparing his food as they contain unsaturated fats which are essential components of a healthy dietary.
Olly is again commended for preparing his food and storing all perishable substances in airtight containers and thus observing guideline 5.
2. Olly should possibly check on his foodstuffs to ensure that they are all low in saturated fats. He should trim any visible fats from meats before grilling it. He should also remove skin and fat pads from chicken before grilling. He should again endorse drinking of reduced fat milk, yoghurt and consumption of cheese.
Maximizing fibre intake is another approach that Olly could take to achieve healthy dietary patterns. Although he takes fruits and vegetables, which are crucial sources of fibre, he takes them in limited amounts. Including nuts, seeds and legumes is another intervention that will aid in maximization of fibre intake.
In conclusion Olly should be careful with the foods and drinks he purchases from vendors. He should scrutinise the food labels well so as to get clear and full understanding of the nutritional composition of the foods he is about to purchase. This will prevent purchase of foods and drinks with un-nutritious composition.
3. I would refer Olly to a nutritionist who will aid him to achieve optimal health. The nutritionist will advise Olly accordingly on the types of foods and drinks to consume and also formulate for him a physical exercise programme all in regard to his desire of losing weight.
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