This report emphasizes on the study of health issues with the help of technology in social research. The report also focuses on the difference between the qualitative research and quantitative research. Along with this report, also reveal the process of data collection methods used in both qualitative and quantitative research. This report also helps in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of mixed approach, quantitative and qualitative research. The focus of this report is to understand the use of these research methods in health and social sector. In addition, it also explains that how technology will be helpful in these methods to conduct a successful research.
Informatics plays vital role in health sector with the help of conceptual models using the information from health science and information science. It is difficult for a new learner to manage such information but informatics helps the entire researcher to achieve their area of study and results they are studying in health sector. It uses various tools, which helps to give proper results of the past collected information so that the researcher is able to understand, and developed clear understanding towards the topic (Ridley, 2012). Social research is also helpful to generate awareness among the society about a problem faced on large scale.
Qualitative research: this research is mainly an investigative research. Qualitative research helps the researcher to increase a considerate underlying reasons, motivations and opinions. Qualitative research helps the researcher in developing hypotheses or ideas or offers the deeply understanding of problem for effective quantitative research. It also helps in to find out the trends in opinion and thoughts and provide guidance to dipping deeper into the case or problem.
The method of collecting data in qualitative research differ using semi structured or unstructured methods. Various general methods comprise group discussion (focus groups), interview of individual and observations/participation. The size of sample in this research method is usually small and to accomplish a specified quota, respondents are chosen (Denzin, et. al., 2011).
Quantitative research: this research method helps the researcher by providing the numerical data that can be used to quantify the problem by transforming into utilizable statistics. Quantitative research is used to measure opinions, attitudes, behaviors and extra mentioned variables and simplify outcomes from a bigger sample populace. To expose the blueprint in research and originate truth, this research method uses assessable data. The method of collecting data in quantitative research is much more prearranged than the qualitative research.
The data collection methods in quantitative research comprise the several surveys’ forms like mobile survey, online, kiosk, paper survey, systematic interpretation, website interceptors, telephonic discussion, online opinion poll, longitudinal reading and face-to-face interview (Polit, et. al., 2010).
There are several ways, which helps in collecting data in quantitative research. In quantitative research, the collected are recorded systematically and these data afterwards organized by that researcher can enter the data into a computer database. The methods of collecting data in quantitative research are as follows:
Interview method: in this research this method is followed in much structured way than in Qualitative research. In this research the researcher, ask a standard of questions to the respondents and nothing more.
Questionnaire: Questionnaire is a set of questions and it is frequently make use of rating scales and checklist.
The data analysis in quantitative research is done through measure of central tendency, measure of skewness and measure of dispersion where mean mode median are calculated for the analysis of data (Miles, et. al., 2013).
There are mainly two methods of collecting data in qualitative research, which are as follows:
Interview: this method is used to discover the experiences, views motivation of single applicants and beliefs.
Focus group: this method is a group discussion where several people share their views on a particular topic, with the help of this researcher can collect the data from various applicants in a less structured way (Ritchie, et. al., 2013).
The analysis of qualitative research is done to explore and understand the big picture. It is done by using data to explain the occurrence. Quantitative and qualitative analysis involves coding and labeling every data in sequence, those similarities and differences can be recognised. The collected data from an unstructured qualitative interview can be stored into a computer for counted, analyzed and counted. In this analysis there is no specific structure followed for classifying, naming or differentiating data requirements for the development of the result. It is also depends on experience of the researcher (Bernard, et. al., 2012).
For the effective decision-making, research methodology plays an important role for analyze the information or data. The research is a theoretical study in an organized way. The research involves various different methods, which help the researcher in conducting an effective research. These research methods help the researcher for gathering the relevant information or data of the research topic. There are several advantages and disadvantages of various research methods. The title of the research is Decentralizing and integrating HIV services in community based health systems: a qualitative study of perceptions at macro, meso and micro levels of the heath system. The purpose of this research is to identify the awareness about the HIV services among the community living out there. In addition, what are the perspectives of a range of stakeholders?
For the effective research, various research methods come in use like qualitative, quantitative and mixed approach. Every method has their own advantages and disadvantages which are as follows:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Advantages
Disadvantages:
Mixed approach
Disadvantages:
There are consistently issues raised on the trustworthiness in qualitative research. To check the trustworthiness there are four features which help in checking the credibility, transferability, confirm ability and dependability of the qualitative research.
Credibility is the first and most important aspect that is used by the researcher to check the credibility of the research by that research must give quality and result. It is the main feature, which is helpful in checking the trustworthiness of the qualitative research. This method ensures that researcher has clearly mentions all the links from where researcher has taken data in conducting research (Drost, 2011). This method ensures that data or information, which the researcher for research uses, is authenticate and facts are true. In addition, creditability has various sub parts that will be helpful in establishing the trustworthiness of the research and these sub parts are reliable in comparison to other three aspects of trustworthiness. The most often use techniques are discussed below and these two techniques are frequently used in qualitative research:
Triangulation: every researcher is familiar with the triangulation term. This technique includes various methods such as observers, theories or data sources, these techniques helps to gain the better understanding of the facts considered. This technique helps in ensuring that research findings are rich, well developed, comprehensive and robust. Triangulation involves four types’ ways, which is used by the researcher (Charmaz, et. al., 2011).
Member checking: To establishing credibility, this is the second most used technique, which is employ by the researcher. In this technique, data, analysis and findings are shared with the respondents. With the help of this facility participants can illuminate about their intentions, what they think (Seidman, 2013). If findings was not according to the intentions of participants than errors were corrected and give extra information if required.
It is very usual to assume that the results of the study are valid and true because research is scientific. However, it is not true. Researchers who do research on scientific studies are frequently encouraged by the external aspects, like receive financial support, advance their careers, wish to be published and always try to look for specific results.
Although there are several scientific research are untrustworthy. It is very much important to identify that which research is reliable and authenticate and which one is not. Consistent studies employ random examples when possible, use suitable size of sample, biases must be avoided and ought to be carry out by the researchers who only believes in conducting a reliable and trustworthy research and does not care about funding and do not depend on specific results (Thomas, et. al., 2011).
Conclusion
This report concludes that technology plays an important for the researcher in conducting a research and technology helps in effective decision-making. Research includes various method of data collection. With the help of technology, this data collection has become easier for the researcher. Along with this, report also focuses on the differences between the qualitative and quantitative research methods and mentions the process of data collection and procedure to analyze the data and checking its effectiveness. At last, report concludes that analyze of a research and topic of that research is decentralizing and integrating HIV services in community based health systems.
References
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Brannen, J. (2017) Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. UK: Routledge.
Charmaz, K. and Bryant, A. (2011) Grounded theory and credibility. Qualitative research, 3, pp. 291-309.
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The Sage handbook of qualitative research. USA: Sage.
Drost, E. A. (2011) Validity and reliability in social science research, Education Research and perspectives, 38(1), pp. 105.
Flick, U. (2014) An introduction to qualitative research. USA: Sage.
Grabbe, K. L., Menzies, N., Taegtmeyer, M., Emukule, G., Angala, P., Mwega, I. and Marum, E. (2010) Increasing access to HIV counseling and testing through mobile services in Kenya: Strategies, utilization and cost-effectiveness, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 54(3), pp. 317.
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Olang’o, C. O., Nyamongo, I. K. and Aagaard-Hansen, J. (2010) Staff attrition among community health workers in home-based care programmes for people living with HIV and AIDS in western Kenya. Health Policy, 97(2), pp. 232-237.
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