Discuss About The PMBOK Journal Of Software Evolution Process.
Project Management can be considered as the application of the knowledge, skills, tools and techniques for the purpose of conducting various project activities in order to meet the requirements of the project. The project management process can be classified into four categories and this mainly includes the “Initiation of the project”, “Planning of the project”, “execution of the project”, “Monitoring and control of the project” and lastly the “project closure” (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). The project management knowledge is associated with drawing ten major areas and this mainly includes the “Integration”, “Scope”, “Time”, “Cost”, “Quality”, “Procurement”, “Human resources”, “Communications”, “Risk management”, ”Stakeholder management”. The projects are mainly considered as an endeavor that is temporary in nature and is designed for the purpose of producing a unique product, service or result. Besides certain advantages there also exists certain challenges and the primary challenge that is faced by the project management is to achieve all the goals within the constraints that are provided. The primary constraints mainly includes the scope, time, quality and lastly the budget. By having a well-planned and executed project management methodology it is possible to achieve a good and successful project. Project management methodology can be defined as a system consisting of inter-related phases, procedures, activities and tasks that are associated with defining the project from the initiation stage to the completion stage (Rose 2013). Each phase of the methodology is associated with making contributions which are very much helpful for completing a project. Project management methodologies can be classified into various categories. This report is mainly associated with discussing about the right project management methodology that would be appropriate for three different kind of companies.
Fig 1: Definition of Project Management
This is an organization which is associated with the manufacturing of high technology and high volume memory chips. The organization is thinking of expanding its business in North and South America. Due to this reason, there has aroused a need for establishing a manufacturing unit in Brazil. There are almost 2100 staffs in this project and along with this the staffs are on the secondment for 6 to 12 months and they would be associated with providing help while the new operations are being set up. They want a speedy implementation of the project along with a criterion which is the implementation at low cost.
Management level activities are required for the purpose of implementing project management methodology in organization A. this is mainly due to the fact that it is totally the decision of the management to expand the business (Ghosh et al. 2012). The choice of the project management methodology is dependent on the type of project. So the major responsibility of the project manager involves the choosing of the right methodology. So the project manager and sometimes the program managers must take an active part in the various activities of the project.
For the project of Organization A, it is best to choose the PMBOK or the Project Management Body of Knowledge. This is the American National Standard Institute Standard which was developed by the Project Management Institute. This particular methodology is associated with dividing the project into five different phases which would be helping in better implementation of the project (Snyder and Dionisio 2017). The five phases mainly include the “initiation”, “planning”, “execution”, “controlling” and lastly the “closure”. Additionally due to fact that this a high technology project, it becomes very much essential to involve a different type of modernized processes. this particular project management methodology is suggested for this particular project of Organization A. this is an America Standard of Project Management so it can be considered that the locals are having a general idea about this standard which would be initially helping the process become much more easier. In the following part, the implementation plan has been provided.
Fig 2: Steps involved in the PMBOK Methodology
The initiation phase mainly consists of the gathering of the requirements which are needed for the purpose of establishing the new manufacturing plant (Stackpole 2013). This phase also consists of the planning which is required to set up the sales and the marketing division.
The planning phase mainly consists of the setup of the project team along with the allocation of the resources (Mesquida and Mas 2014). In this phase, the schedules are also estimated regarding the various activities of the project.
The next is the execution phase and this is mainly associated with dealing with the various kind of implementations of the project for establishing a manufacturing plant at a low cost.
Followed by the execution phase is the closing phase and is mainly associated with delivering the project in a successful way which means to complete the project according to the time schedule and within the cost that has been estimated.
Lastly, the maintenance phase which is associated with performing a regular inspection of the project in order to eliminate risks that might arise after the successful completion of the project.
Fig 3: The Implementation of the PMBOK Methodology By Organization A
This project is to be completed by making use of the PMBOK methodology. One of eth major advantage of using the PMBOK methodology is that it is possible to govern the project properly and for this, the chances of failure are greatly reduced (Deshpande Beecham and Richardson 2013). The PRINCE 2 methodology also helps in the governance and implementation of the project in a controlled environment but the cost that is required by adopting this methodology is high. The costs are high due to the implementation of the phases are done in a controlled environment.
Certain assumptions are also made when the PMBOK is suggested for this project. The first assumption that is made is regarding the fact that the local team members are having a clear knowledge of the various processes of the PMBOK (Burke 2013). Another assumption which is made is regarding the proper identification of the project requirements in the initiation phase of the project. All these assumptions are made because of the reason that PMBOK does not allow the making of any kind of changes in the scope of the project. This methodology is specifically successful for those projects where it is seen that the uncertainty is low. So it is to be assumed that there exists the low level of uncertainty in this project.
However, there exist some issues related to the use of PMBOK. The main reason for this is because of the fact that PMBOK is only a guide for project management. This methodology is not applicable to every project. The major reason lying behind the choosing of this methodology is that the existing employees would be helping in the new project and they are having a proper knowledge about the PMBOK. This particular is only suggested for this particular project, so it is to be made sure that this methodology is not applied to the other projects of this organization. One of the major challenge associated with PMBOK is that no changes can be made after the project is initiated (Snijders Wuttke and Zandhuis 2012). Despite of the issues there exists certain advantages and the major advantage is that the project would be completed within the estimated time. The plan-driven project implementation is the major reason responsible for this along with the fact that there would occur no change in the scope. So it is justified that the PMBOK methodology can be used by Organization A.
The organization has been associated with working with the European Government. This is a small organization is having an employee count of 300. The main goal of this organization involves the increase of the infrastructure that is undertaken by the company in Europe. There is a need for project management methodology that would be helping in supporting the organization to eliminate certain risks mainly the risks related to the financial aspects. For this reason, the director of the organization is asking for a suggestion regarding the project management methodology that would be helping the organization in the elimination of the financial risks (Bentley 2012). The suggested methodology for this organization is the Prince2 methodology. So, this can be definitely considered as a management level activity which would be involving the project manager and the directors of the company.
The Prince2 is considered as the most comprehensive project methodology which is used for the purpose of mitigating the risks. The Prince2 methodology is mainly associated with the implementation of the project and this implementation is done in a controlled environment. The risks are monitored properly which is initially responsible for the mitigation of the risks. The organization wants to mitigate the financial risks and in order to do that they need to establish a proper governing body and this can be done very easily by making use of the Prince2 methodology (Lianying Jing and Xinxing 2012). The Prince2 methodology should be entire as the organization wants to mitigate the financial risks. For the Prince2 methodology, the risks which are associated with the project of the organization is likely to occur or have an impact. This methodology is a process-based approach and is associated with providing an easy and tailored version of the implementation of the project. Price2 methodology was developed by the office of Government Commerce in the UK and is used in the UK as well as in other parts of the world as well (Hedeman Van Heemst and Fredriksz 2012). The implementation plan for the Prince2 Methodology has been provided below:
The Prince2 methodology can be divided into seven phases that are associated with reducing the risk and makes the process of monitoring very easy. The phases have been provided below:
Fig 4: The Seven Stages of Prince2 Methodology
The control phase of the Prince2 methodology is associated with the establishment of proper project governance in order to mitigate the risks that are faced by the project (Hinde 2012).
The Prince2 methodology is also associated with ensuring the fact that meetings are held at a regular basis in order to make sure that the different issues and the risks faced by the project are discussed in a proper way.
Fig 5: The implementation of Prince2 Methodology by the Organization B
The Prince2 methodology is suggested to the organization but before that certain assumptions have been made. The first assumption that is made is that the employees of the organization are having a proper knowledge of this methodology. It is also assumed that proper training would be provided to the employees who are not having have kind experience of working with the Prince2 methodology (Tomanek and Juricek 2015). Besides all this, it is also assumed that this methodology would be the appropriate one for this particular organization. Due to the fact that the Prince2 methodology is associated with the checking fo eth viability of the project before moving on to next step so it becomes very much easy to identify as well as mitigate the various type of risks.
Besides all this, there exist certain issues that are associated with the Prince2 methodology and might be faced by the organization. The problems which occur are mainly due to the reason that the phases involved in this methodology are very much longer. The change of the management is also very difficult when this methodology is being used for a particular project. Due to the heavy documentation, the time required for the project to complete is also more (Mathis 2014).
Fig 6: Basic Illustration of the Prince2 Methodology
The main reason for suggesting this methodology is because of the various kind of advantages provided by it. One of the major advantages is that this is a plan oriented and process-based approach to the application of a proper governance is very easy. Along with this, the Prince2 methodology is fully focused on the proper development of the products. The use of this methodology also favors the process of implementation in a proper way by the particular organization for its various projects (Kruger and Rudman 2013). The prince2 methodology is the best suggestion for this organization in order to mitigate the financial risks.
This organization is a well-established and mature organization which was established 11 years ago. The organization is looking for a particular project management methodology which would be helping in the improvement of the performance of the project. The senior management of the organization is always looking for a team that is energetic, enthusiastic and highly motivated.
Each and every department of organization which are responsible taking charge of the different projects are to be involved for the purpose of deciding the methodology that would be best suited for this organization. The main aim of the organization mainly involves the improvement of the implementation of the project (Pyzdek and Keller 2014). The methodology which is best suited for this project is the Six Sigma methodology. This methodology was firstly developed by the Motorola Company because they wanted their product to have complete original specification throughout the design and delivery phase. This methodology can be considered as a quality control methodology which is responsible for making improvements in the project. The main reason lying behind the use of this methodology is for the purpose of increasing the efficiency, productivity and also for the purpose of delivering the end product to the customers (Brussee 2012). Five steps are included in the process of implementation of the Six Sigma methodology.
The first step includes the providing of definition regarding the needs of the customers and this is followed by identifying the understandings which can be very much useful while serving the customers.
Followed by this step is the measuring of the performance of each process and this is mainly done by the creation of the appropriate metrics. In this step, the managers associated with the project would be capable of determining the current situation of the project by checking the fact that the needs of the customers are meet very easily (De Mast and Lokkerbol 2012).
Followed by the measurement of the performance is the analysis phase. In this step, the needs of the customers are analyzed along with the common problems which are faced by the project in order to make certain improvements.
The last step includes the synchronization of the results and this is done in order to make sure that the managers of the company are aware of the changes that are taking place in the various operations of the project which are needed (Hilton and Sohal 2012).
Fig 7: The Implementation of the Six Sigma by Organization C
When the Six Sigma methodology is being suggested for the particular organization then certain assumptions have been made. The assumption which is made at first is that the managers are having a proper knowledge about this methodology along with this it is also made sure that there exist no active risks in the project of the Particular organization.
Despite all this, there exists a certain type of issues which are associated with the implementation of the project by the organization C. the major issue is that there is a lack of leadership commitment and along with this the improper execution of the methodology might result in the certain type of risks. Along with this, the implementation of the Six Sigma methodology is also a time-consuming process. All these challenges can be mitigated by conducting a thorough research about the methodology and also by providing proper training to the employees in order to understand the project methodology in a better way (Evans and Lindsay 2014). Along with the problem, there exists certain advantages or benefits of using this methodology. The use of this methodology would be helping in the improvement of the business processes along with maintaining a better CRM or Customer Relationship Management. There would also be a considerable reduction in the number of defects due to the Six sigma methodology. Due to the fact that the organization is well established so, there is a need of process which would be helping in the improvement of the quality of the project work, and for this, it is recommended to make use of six sigma project methodology. The figure provided below shows the steps involved in the Six Sigma Methodology.
Fig 8: Steps of Six Sigma Methodology
Conclusion:
The report is associated with suggesting a different kind of project management methodologies for different organizations. The project management methodologies have been associated with providing suggestions according to the type of project that the organization is having. The main reason lying behind the choice of the appropriate methodology is for the purpose of delivering the projects successfully and also for the implementation of the project. The choosing of the appropriate methodology is done by the project managers after identifying the requirements of the project. For the organization, A PMBOK methodology is suggested, for organization B Prince2 methodology is suggested and lastly for organization C Six Sigma methodology is suggested.
References:
Basu, R. and Wright, J.N. eds., 2012. Quality beyond six sigma. Routledge.
Bentley, C., 2012. Prince2: a practical handbook. Routledge.
Brussee, W., 2012. Statistics for Six Sigma Made Easy! Revised and Expanded Second Edition. McGraw Hill Professional.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
De Mast, J. and Lokkerbol, J., 2012. An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving. International Journal of Production Economics, 139(2), pp.604-614.
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