1.What are some of the differences between enterprise architecture (EA) and systems-level planning approach?
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA) |
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The systems useful ness towards meeting the objectives and goals can be determined during the early stages |
It can only be determined at the end or completion of the stage |
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Corrections are determined and implemented at the any stage saving time and related expenses |
After Identifying a mistake, a do over of the whole process is required leading to time consumptions and avoidable expenses |
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Suitable for large cooperation’s as there are several parties involved and interested in the success of the system |
Suitable for small or midsized firm as the business owners is the sole stake holder and the system mirrors the owners taste and preferences |
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Transition between the current to future operations is simple and efficient |
The transitions tend to be difficult due to the analogy of the phase of the level approach |
2.Why is EA described as both a management program and an analysis and design method?
Management program -EA is able to provide a suitable approach to critical planning and decision making that is strategically integrated. Moreover, it plays a major role in the governing process where firms are able to determine gaps in the business activities performance line and the extent use of the resources at a firm’s disposal.
Analysis and design method- the EA is focused on technical system architectures and schemas efficient in organizations information. Moreover, EA is essential in characterizing the progress or change administration plan for changing the present EA condition into the coveted future EA conditions
3.What are the four elements of an EA management program and the six elements of an EA analysis and design method
elements of an EA management program
Strategic Alignment- operational and strategic planning are given support by EA through the provision of views form macro and micro perspective for the core purpose of achieving the goals and objectives of the enterprise in the long run.
Standardized Policy- EA bolsters the execution of institutionalized administration approach relevant to the advancement and use of IT and a holistic, hierarchical view of current and future resources
Decision Support-EA provides a basis for IT resource-based decision making at all levels of an enterprise either top management, midlevel or supporting staff in general, moreover it assists the incorporation or implementation of these decision made into actions towards achieving goals and objectives
Resource Oversight- EA bolsters institutionalized methodologies for administering the advancement of capacities and improving supporting resources. Moreover, EA underpins the utilization of an institutionalized procedure for choosing and assessing investment in IT assets from a business and monetary point of view
elements of an EA analysis and design method
The Framework- architecture scope is identified as well as the connections between sub architecture and threads, moreover the framework mirrored through the areas identified for documentation and it’s a geometric design
EA Components-these are alterable objectives, procedures, benchmarks, and assets that may broaden venture wide or be contained in a particular line of business or portion of the EA framework
Current Architecture- these is where the existing components of EA contained within and enterprises at each framework level
Future Architecture-these are new components of EA that are needed in order to close a specific gap within the enterprise to support new initiatives or business technological solutions
EA Management Plan- identification of the documentation method and management of the EA program is initiated here. It also creates a blueprint for various architectural improvements through documenting future views and plans to close any performance gap identified
Threads- documentation of activities that occur during each at all levels of each frame works such as security, considered skill set as well as standards and regulations
4.EA components and documentation artifacts that would be included in current and future views at each level of the EA Cube framework?
Current views: these are current in use strategies, processes, and resources
Future Views: these are to be strategies, processes, and resources EA Management Plan (A plan to move from the current to the future EA)
5.Can EA be used by all types of enterprises? If so, why?
Yea EA can be used by all types of enterprises either public private and nonprofit sectors since EA is a management and technology practice that is dedicated to enhancing the execution of all enterprises by empowering holistic and coordinated perspective of their key bearing, business hones, information flows, and technology resources.
6.How does an EA repository support the implementation methodology?
Through documenting and archiving of the EA components in the various stages or areas of the EA framework, it allows strategic planning and decisions making in relations to design and implementing the various methodologies into a systems enterprise
7.Choose a real-world large-size enterprise and determine: Apple Inc.
Is information technology seen as a strategic asset? – Yes, Apple Inc. views information technology as a great resource, as its business model product and service delivery is based in technology and innovation
Does an enterprise architecture program exist? Yes, Apple has an EA program that has propelled the firm to dominate the market
Gaps that can be solved by EA? there’s lack of certifications that would verify technical with apples skills related products such as X-serve platform. For example, Microsoft fixed their performance gap and skill set through certifications such as Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) based on all Microsoft products
1.Importance of understanding the “Peoples side” of EA?
It creates a strong basis where and EA incorporated into and enterprise will complement the roles of the individuals within the enterprise. This will create a strong EA team focused in achieving the goals and objectives of the enterprise. Moreover, it will to the growth and development of the firm in the long run
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ORGANIZATION |
ENTERPRISE |
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Purely for-profit gain |
Both non-profit or profit oriented |
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Shared objective among a group of individuals |
Constitutes of individua with a same objectve or a single individual with his /her objective |
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Mostly formal with structure and leadership |
Both formal and informal |
3.Some of academic fields that influence the field of EA
business administration,
public administration
operations research, sociology
information science and computer science
4.Decribe the purpose of each Parson/Thompson model
Technical level-this constitutes of the art of the organizations that carries out the production level where inputs are transformed into outputs
Managerial level- this level is in charge of planning and controlling the generation framework, for procuring inputs and disposing of outputs, and for anchoring and dispensing staff to units and capacities.
Institutional level- this is the part that relates the association to its more extensive condition, decides its space, builds up its limits, and anchors its authenticity.
5.How different is the organization network model to Parson/Thompson model?
The organizations network model is viewed to be more flexible, decentralize and simple to implement into organizations. Moreover, its main theme is the quality of social interactions it fosters among individuals of an organization both internally and externally is far greater and efficient.
Business owners and investors-they are concerned with the security and workability of the EA to increase profitability in and organization
Enterprise Architect-usage of the EA by the enterprise in meeting it goals and objective
project managers-suitability and implementations of the system features of EA
software architects-concurrency of the enterprise architecture
stakeholder identification-Identify the stake holders who will be affected by the change both negatively and positively
stakeholder analysis – identifying the stakeholder influential rates both positive and negative
stakeholder matrix – Arranging the different stake holders according to their influential matric and power in the organization for easier management during relaying information
stakeholder engagement and communication- communicating the desired change to the stake holders according to their mapping and making recommended changes that seem suitable
8 select mid-level firm and answer the following: AI. CURE (US based)
a.structure and culture aspects that should be captured by EA
Structure governance-AI.Cure has a vertical governance from of structure
Culture-It’s a us based firms that that does no discriminate on race but value the skill set, therefore there is a background based cultural interactions where their might differences in beliefs and values
Investors, program managers, users and support staff
c.stake holder buy in strategies
Identify key stakeholders-Identify key stake holders that will make a difference in their involvement
Identify stakeholder needs-Determine the main agenda of the stake holders and identify if they are suitable to the need of the firm
Stake holder engagement- engage the stake holders through meetings seminar or hands on experience on the various changes to occur and their significance in their involvement
measure progress-conduct surveys and interviews throughout the course of the project and determine what’s working and what isn’t.
d.strategies for managing change with stake holders
stakeholder identification-Identify the stake holders who will be affected by the change both negatively and positively
stakeholder analysis – identifying the stakeholder influential rates both positive and negative
stakeholder matrix – Arranging the different stake holders according to their influential matric and power in the organization for easier management during relaying information
stakeholder engagement and communication- communicating the desired change to the stake holders according to their mapping and making recommended changes that seem suitable
1.Explain 5 reasons why you need an Enterprise Architecture
Implement IT solutions-incorporations of IT solutions will drive the business efficiently with more agility to meet the objectives
Planning and decision making-Assist the executives and the designated team in decions making and implementing crucial strategies
Control cost-ensures maximum use of resources without any wastage
Competitive advantage-firms are able to compete aggressively in their relative market with their competitors
Incorporate standards-Business process are up to standards and required regulation at all times
2.5 values associated with the establishment of an EA program in an enterprise.
Talent-quality skill set is required in in the design and implementations of and EA program in an enterprise
Benefits- the architectural design is intentions determining performance gap that may be present in the enterprise increasing agility in the long run
Cost-manages cost and expenses through maximum utilizations of resources efficiently
Risk- the alignment between strategy and execution is improved increasing awareness of legal and security risks impact
Communication-regular updated baseline of integrated strategy information improves communication through the EA stages and phases
3.What are risks associated with the establishment of an EA program in an enterprise.
Decreasing user acceptance
Project delays
Security vulnerabilities and exposures
Increasing solution costs
Low adoption rates
4.Provide 5 ways to mitigate risk associated with establishment of an EA program
Accepts- Acknowledge the presence of a specific hazard, and settle on a ponder choice to acknowledge it without participating in uncommon endeavors to control it. Endorsement of venture or program pioneers is required.
Avoid- Adjust program prerequisites or limitations to wipe out or lessen the hazard. This modification could be suited by an adjustment in financing, calendar, or specialized prerequisites.
Control- Implement activities to limit the effect or probability of the risk
Transfer- Reassign authoritative responsibility, duty, and expert to another partner willing to acknowledge the risk
Monitor- Monitor the earth for changes that influence the nature or potentially the effect of the hazard
1.What is an EA Implementation Methodology?
EA Implementation Methodology is a guide for establishing, maintaining and using an enterprise architecture (EA) framework and documentation approach.
2.Explain the major difference between EA Framework and EA Methodology
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EA Framework |
EA Methodology |
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Organizes and defines the scope of the architecture i.e. what the EA program will document |
defines how EA documentation will be developed, archived, and used include in identification of the modeling tool and framework |
3.Why EA Implementation Methodology is important?
EA Implementation Methodology is a guide that defines how EA documentation will be developed, archived, and used include in identification of the modeling tool and framework
4.State four EA Implementation Methodology Process and explain the four steps involved in phase 1
EA Implementation Methodology Process
Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP)
TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)
The Department of Defense Architecture Framework(DODAF)
Gartner methodology
four steps involved in phase 1
Establish the EA Management Program and identify a Chief Architect. -this stage entails a tasks to the chief sponsored to identify a chief architect and provide him/her with enough resources and guidelines
Establish an EA implementation methodology-the next stage, are the steps require in a methodology are identified by the chief architect and the EA team in order to create an effective EA program
Establish EA governance and links to other management processes-The chief sponsor and the chief architect collaborate ideas on how to establish governance policies sufficient of the EA program design and implementation process
Develop an EA Communication Plan and gain stakeholder buy-in.- the final stage of phase one is to create a documentations strategy guideline for the next phases which can be resented to potential stakeholders
1.Explain the purpose of an EA framework as part of an EA implementation methodology.
EA framework organizes and defines the scope of the architecture i.e. what the EA program will document which is essential in defining guideline and practices for creating and using the architecture description of a system methodology implementation
2.Explain how an EA framework establishes the scope of an EA.
Basically, EA framework defines the documentations of the EA program while the EA methodology defines how the documentation will be developed and used. therefore, by defining what is entailed in the EA, the framework defines the scope of the architecture.
3.Explain the origin of EA frameworks and provide 5 examples.
EA frameworks are credit to John Zachman who pioneered the concept of enterprise Architecture in the late 80s.Hes considerably referred to as the father of EA due to his breakthrough and publication the created the EA concept inspiring a foundation of all EA frameworks. examples of EA frameworks include:
TOGAF – The Open Group Architecture Framework
IAF (Integrated Architecture Framework)
BiSL
COBIT
LEAN
4.Describe the design of the EA³ Cube framework
the EA³ Cube framework are commonly hierarchal which efficiently defines the distinct functional area which are logically related to each other through defining ,the purpose of each level of hierarchal structure and their purpose or information flow form the top management to the middle and to the supporting staff. Moreover, EA³ Cube framework is divide into activity distinct segments referred to as LOBs line of business which are essential on lowering risk and promotes efficiency in EA program in the long run. furthermore an updated version to 2016 has six sides they include
Function – the functional domain (architecture)
Structure – the organizational architecture and design
Risk – the governance, risk and compliance
People – the human capital
Products – the products and services and supply chain
Value – the valuation and benefit realization
Talent-quality skill set is required in in the design and implementations of and EA program in an enterprise
Communication-regular updated baseline of integrated strategy information improves communication through the EA stages and phases
Business value-EA should in the long run be of value to the enterprise and the stakeholders through improving business capabilities and the roles played by the EA team
Top Sponsors-their key role is to provide the chief architect with resources need to implement the EA as well as give various guidelines that must be followed to mirror his/her needs
Scope- its determined by the role of the team depending on the amount of resources and guidelines issued to them during the EA design and implementation processes
2.explain how EA artifacts describe EA components.
EA components are depicted as replaceable components inside the system that go back and forth with changes in methodology, business administrations, and new plans for IT assets including data streams, applications, and the technology innovation and infrastructure, therefore EA artifact being a documentation product records these EA components for archive purpose either through videos, documents, spread sheet etc.
3.Explain how management views help executives understand EA components.
EA management views are high-quality graphics and dense pixel state that portray numerous parts of EA segments in a disentangled or more appealing enormous picture than that which is normally delivered by the EA devices. Without EA management views, the fundamental (crude) EA artifacts may comprise essentially of specialized models that don’t hold the enthusiasm of EA executive sponsors and clients, accordingly putting the EA program in at-risk entirely.
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