The case is about the virus is spreading in Africa’s health worker affecting thousands of lives. A vaccine is developed but is not suitable for the human being used according to authorities of Australia. A manager decision regarding vaccine permission denial to health worker is discussed by adopting an 8 step decision-making model. A manager role and functions should be adopted by the manager to run the organization effectively.
Decisions are always in response to the problem existing. Therefore it should be clear before taking any decision “what the problem is”? In this case study the problem of the virus spreading since long in West Africa is brought to organization. Problem definition is important for making a good decision. In this step basically, the problem is properly studied and analysed. For the problem arose above manager should get clarity on virus spread. The clarity can be examined through observing the symptoms and opinions from all stakeholders (Byrnes, 2013). The manager uses many ways to identify a problem. However, it is difficult to gather data for a manager for to take a decision regarding giving permission to the health worker for virus vaccine.
A problem for a manager will be the interest of many stakeholders at stake. In addition many factors like symptoms, people affected, and much more are to be considered. In above case it to be determined that what urgent requirements are the compelling company to develop a vaccine for humans. As in West Africa epidemic is spreading and affecting people at the huge level (Vercellis, 2011). During the time spent for taking care of the issue, a manager should assemble as much as data available with the variables and peoples associated with the issue. This help in gathering the in depth information for the problem arose.
Establishing criteria gives the organization to settling on choices reliable resources with wanted results and undertaking objectives. The reason for building up goals is to help an organized basic leadership process and guarantee that decisions are taken according to selected options, activities and the Core Values Of An Organization (Collins, 2017). With a specific end goal to build up a reasonable procedure that shows the expressed results and undertaking objectives, it is vital to decide the criteria building potential choices. In case of the epidemic in Africa, this step will help the manager to take a decision regarding the distribution of vaccine to the health worker or not. As the end goal for a manager will be not to take the risk on the health of people.
Company should seek for other alternatives as well for the goal it is desiring to achieve in future. This will help a manager to not to fail in a case if the first alternative does not work. In case of the epidemic in Africa, a manager should evaluate another course of action in advance. It will help the manager to identify the threats that can be caused by humans if the vaccine is launched without authority permissions (Lunenburg, 2010).
It is important to characterize criteria as target measures of the objectives to quantify how well every option accomplishes the task objectives. Every criterion should quantify something imperative, and should not rely on another measure. This will help managers to solve the problem in accomplishing the desired objective of vaccine invention to be available for humans (Kaitin, 2010). Moreover, company ethical practices should be considered before adopting any course of action.
The adoption of decision-making tools depends on the difficulty of the problem arose and experience company is having. This step will help the manager to take a decision on problem complexity which is present in West Africa. As the seriousness of the case is high but the company ethical practices would not allow it take decision for allowing the vaccine to the health worker (Kaitin, 2010). The decision-making tools adopted should have the permission of all stakeholders whose interest is going to be affected.
The alternatives which company is going to be adopted in future should be evaluated against the criteria decided by the company. The criteria decided by the company must be ethical as well. In above case of West Africa, company ethical practices should be considered before adopting any course of action (Velasquez & Hester, 2013). The evaluation of every step should be with the quantitative and qualitative method.
After the assessment procedure and choosing a preferred option, the solution decided should be checked to guarantee that it genuinely takes care of the issue identified. The manager should compare the issue original arose and the solution derived with the objectives and prerequisites. The last arrangement ought to satisfy the meet prerequisites, and best accomplish the objectives inside the estimations of the managers. In case of vaccine to be provided to a health worker or not, a manager should evaluate all the perspective of decisions. He should evaluate what course of action will be ethically wrong and what would be correct.
Conclusion For Decision Making
A manager should evaluate all the steps of decisions making process thoroughly to identify the threats and risk that will be coming in case if the vaccine is not successful for humans. As a manager, he should decide not to distribute the vaccine to health worker because health authority of Australia has not approved it for next ten to be used for humans. So a manager should follow its ethical practices and should not give permission to health worker to use the vaccine. Though it will be saving thousands of lives but merely successful experiment on chimpanzees does not assure success in human beings.
Informational Role explains the things a manager do to develop an informational network. In daily routine, a manager has to spend more than 70% of the time to discuss with co-workers (Scott, et al., 2010). There are 3 roles under informational role:
As a monitor: A manager role as monitor involves finding recent information from market regarding problem arose. In a market things are never stable for business, so the effective manager is one who will always screen the circumstance around them and roll out fast improvements as vital, so the effective administrator is one who will always screen the circumstance around them and roll out fast improvements as vital (Meredith Belbin, 2011).
As a disseminator: Getting information from market quickly and effectively to the rest of your team. In the above case manager should investigate information relate to epidemic spreading in the market to reach a decision. This helps in minimising the employees’ wastage in work time, as they only have to work on important target related to the epidemic.
As a spokesperson: Being a spokesperson is the last part of the informational role, and it is a vital one since discernment is regularly a major piece of reality. If the team is performing a great job but won’t be reflected if managers are not presenting it properly to organization. Thus in above case, all efforts done by the team to develop vaccine will be wasted if the manager is not representing the work to the organization in a mannerly way.
These roles relate to those duties where a manager is needed to take the decision regarding problem arose. These roles require visionary skills of a person working as a manager.
As an entrepreneur: A person as manager in the larger organization is treated like an entrepreneur. In above case of Africa epidemic problem, the manager should be intelligent enough to take a decision in best of interest of the public. As giving out permission for using the vaccine to the worker of Africa will affect the reputation of the organization in case vaccine turns out to be harmful (Mintzberg, 2013).
As a disturbance handler: It is almost fixed that there will hindrances coming in the way of the new project taken by the company. In above case conflict among team member is related to issue in developing the vaccine which will reflect the bad image of manager to the organization.
As a resource allocator: As a resource allocator, it is the manager role to make available all the resources to get the work done. A manager in the above case should try to meet the goals and objectives. It includes the funds, raw material and much more to be made available to develop the vaccine (Golden Pryor & Taneja, 2010).
As a negotiator: Business is about negotiation, and that is particularly valid for managers. A manager should not go beyond the boundaries of the organization to get the vaccine in the market at cost human life.
It relates to the relationship with others and human skills.
Figurehead: In above cases, the manager should be the figurehead for guiding employees and when to do its particular course of action and should motivate the employee to perform duties well (Birken, Lee & Weiner, 2012).
Leader: A manager role includes telling the employee what actions to be performed and how it should be performed to achieve the target decided by the company to launch vaccine for humans.
Liaison: A manager must interact with people as well employees to maintain coordination in the organization (Mohammadisadr, Siadat & Arbabisarjou, 2012). In above case manager should maintain coordination amongst people to successfully launch the vaccine for humans.
Following are the functions of management
It is the assurance of a future strategy to accomplish the target outcome. Under planning, it is determined that what ought to be done, how it is to be done and who will be doing it. In above case planning is needed to recognize the problem arose in West Africa related to the virus. Planning should be done by management for evaluating the results of the vaccine. A proper planning and procedure should be followed before taking a decision.
Planning involves defining objectives, developing assumptions, finding an alternative set of actions, evaluating all courses of action, selecting an alternative, enforcing the plan and in last follow up action.
It is the process of bringing physical, budgetary and HR and creating profitable relationship among them for the accomplishment of organizational objectives. According to Koontz, (2010) “to organize a business is to provide it with everything valuable and manufacturing material including raw material, apparatuses, capital and personnel’s”.
In above case, organizing includes managing companies’ affairs in developing the vaccine for humans. It will take company resources as well like investment, capital and much more for successfully launching vaccine for the virus.
It is the method of keeping an eye on the organization structure. Staffing has gained more prominent significance in the current years because of progression of technology, the increase in size of business, multifaceted nature of human conduct and so on (McNamara, 2011). Staffing is the procedure of giving employment to deserving individuals. Staffing includes Manpower Planning Enrolment, Selection, and Placement, development, compensation, and appraisal. Staffing process identifies the importance of each person in organization because organization success depends on employees only.
It is the necessary part of the administrative function which starts the authoritative techniques to work efficiently for completion of company’s purposes. It is treated as life-start of the business which gets it under way the activity of individuals since planning, organizing out and staffing is the starting of work. The direction is that part of work force part of management which directly accords with power, directing, motivating, and guiding subordinate for the accomplishment of authoritative objectives.
Controlling is a way toward evaluating regardless of whether an appropriate progress is being made towards the destinations and objectives or not and revising if essential any deviation. Controlling is also the activity which leads management towards success by evaluating all the subordinates efforts and resources (Rahman, 2012).
Conclusion
In the above report, it has been analysed that vaccine permission to affected health worker should not be given. The Australian Authority recommended that the vaccine could not be used for 10years on human body. For adhering to Australian authority manager of Australian Pharmaceutical Corporation should follow the decision-making model for taking a decision. The steps which he should follow are recognizing the problem, determining the requirement, establishing the goals, identifying alternatives, and much more. So coming to a decision regarding for denying the permission should have enough evidence and arguments. A manager has many roles and functions in an organization which he has fulfilled to keep the organization runs smoothly. Hence after completing function and role, a manager decision should be strong regarding denying the permission of vaccine.
References
Birken, S.A., Lee, S.Y.D. and Weiner, B.J., 2012. Uncovering middle managers’ role in healthcare innovation implementation. Implementation Science, 7(1), p.28.
Byrnes, J.P., 2013. The nature and development of decision-making: A self-regulation model. Psychology Press.
Collins, J., 2017. Turning Goals into Results (Harvard Business Review Classics): The Power of Catalytic Mechanisms. Harvard Business Review Press.
Golden Pryor, M. and Taneja, S., 2010. Henri Fayol, practitioner and theoretician–revered and reviled. Journal of Management History, 16(4), pp.489-503.
Kaitin, K.I., 2010. Deconstructing the drug development process: the new face of innovation. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 87(3), pp.356-361.
Koontz, H., 2010. Essentials of management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, London., 160-175.
Lunenburg, F.C., 2010, September. THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS. In National Forum of Educational Administration & Supervision Journal (Vol. 27, No. 4).
McNamara, D.E., 2011. From Fayols Mechanistic To Todays Organic Functions Of Management. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 2(1), pp.63-78.
Meredith Belbin, R., 2011. Management teams: Why they succeed or fail. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(3).
Mintzberg, H., 2013. Simply managing: What managers do—and can do better. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Mohammadisadr, M., Siadat, S. and Arbabisarjou, A., 2012. Relationship between Managers’ Performance and Organizational Health. International Education Studies, 5(3), pp.228-234.
Rahman, M.H., 2012. Henry Fayol and Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution to Management Thought: An Overview. ABC Journal of Advanced Research, 1(2), pp.32-41.
Scott, B.A., Colquitt, J.A., Paddock, E.L. and Judge, T.A., 2010. A daily investigation of the role of manager empathy on employee well-being. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 113(2), pp.127-140.
Velasquez, M. and Hester, P.T., 2013. An analysis of multi-criteria decision making methods. International Journal of Operations Research, 10(2), pp.56-66.
Vercellis, C., 2011. Business intelligence: data mining and optimization for decision making. John Wiley & Sons.
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