Discuss about the primary healthcare nursing like the chronic illness nursing and will provide ways by which effective management of care is done by such individuals in the communities.
Primary healthcare ensures caring for people in a comprehensive as well as holistic approach rather than simply treating diseases or ailments. The primary healthcare is the first point of contact that service users have with the healthcare systems. The professionals working in the primary healthcare centers are seen to provide comprehensive, accessible as well as community based care that can successfully meet the healthcare needs of the individuals throughout their lives (Coventry et al., 2015). This might include a wide spectrum of the different types of services from preventions like that of vaccinations and family planning to that of effective management of different chronic health conditions as well as palliative care (Smolowitz et al., 2015). This essay would mainly be depicting one form of primary healthcare nursing like the chronic illness nursing and will provide ways by which effective management of care is done by such individuals in the communities.
A chronic illness usually is a long-term illness where it becomes necessary for the affected individual to adjust his life according to the demands of the illness and thereby align with the therapies that are used in the treatment of the condition (Moorhead et al., 2018). Such disorders remain associated with additional stress since chronic illness are seen to change the ways by which individuals live, visualize himself or herself and thereby relate to others (Patterson, Thorne & Russell, 2016). The nursing professionals in the primary healthcare centers are the first line of contacts for the service users who come for support regarding their chronic ailments and gain the best advices to develop their quality of life.
With the passing of years and lifestyles of individuals becoming more sedentary and technology dependent, the rate by which citizens are being affected by chronic ailments is increasing largely. The quality of the lives are becoming poor as chronic ailments often linger for long time, results in functional impairment as well as disability and have huge number of risk factors. The physical symptoms in course of time results in mental, emotional and financial threats to such affected individuals (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015). Therefore, the chronic illness nursing are considered to have a huge responsibility in the primary healthcare centers to help such affected individuals with different interventions that would help them to develop the quality of their lives (Freund et al., 2015). Different types of chronic illness can affect individuals in a community and this might comprise of heart disorders, diabetes, osteoarthritis, asthma, Alzheimer’s diseases and many others. One of the most common disorders that have been affecting adults is diabetes. This in turn remains associated with different forms of co-morbid disorders like foot complications due to neuropathy, ketoacidosis, kidney diseases like nephropathy, high blood pressure, stroke, gastro paresis and many others. Therefore, it becomes very important for the primary healthcare professionals to ensure that such chronic ailments can be prevented and can be treated for (Kadu & Stolee, 2015).
Only assigning specific medications to help people overcome the effects of diabetes is not sufficient is ensuring healthy and safe live of the individuals. A large numbers of different other responsibilities that also need to be taken in order to ensure comprehensive care for the patients suffering from diabetes (All et al., 2017). One of the most important roles of the chronic illness nursing is increasing accessibility. The nursing professionals should need to make sure that the primary care services are available, affordable and should be provided equally to all the service users irrespective of their gender, age, location as well as ethnicity (Martin et al., 2015). Access to services should be ensured to all service users who come with diabetes regardless of their ability to pay. The next important role is Public or community participation. The nursing professionals should involve the resources of the community for promotion of the health and thereby addressing the different health problems at the grass root levels. Another important role that is also important for the primary healthcare nurses is health promotion (Kim et al., 2016). They should help the community to strengthen the socio-economic conditions that would be contributing to good health. For example, on weekend’s evenings, the professionals can conduct a health education class for the community dwellers so that they can learn about proper diets and life style management systems necessary to overcome such disorders. They can also influence the use of technology that are affordable, feasible as well as culturally acceptable to the different individuals of the community. The nursing professional may help the community members by helping them to be aware of many applications on their phones that will help them to calculate the blood glucose level presently, after meal, before meal and many others. They can also help the service users to remain socially connected over social media, with different groups online comprising of similar diabetes affected patients and other healthcare professionals as that they can gain knowledge and skills required for maintenance (Wallace et al., 2015). Another important role is inter-sectoral collaboration. Every of the nursing professionals working in the primary healthcare centers should know that the health and well-being of the community do not depend only on the effective healthcare services. Governments, business as well as other organizations in the different sectors have to collaborate for promoting health as well as the self-reliance of the communities. Therefore, in this arena, the professional nurses have to advocate about the issues faced by the community, accordingly coordinate, and work with the other sectors so that appropriate help, resources and funding are ensured for betterment of the health of the professionals (Kelly & Symonds, 2017)
The Ottawa charter is one of the most effective frameworks that help in development of partnerships as well as support among the different organizations. This framework helps in creation and maintenance of the different actions for promotion of health that would ultimately help in ensuring well being of the community (Fougere et al., 2016). It is very important to ensure that every member achieves better health and primary healthcare professionals need to collaborate with government, private, public, local authorities, international and non-governmental organizations. The first action of the Ottawa charter is “development of personal skills”. This action area guides the chronic illness nurses to help the affected individuals suffering from diabetes to modify their personal behaviors so that they can reduce the risks that remain associated with the occurrence of diabetes (Mosquera et al., 2014). The professional can provide pamphlets and brochures through which she can help the affected individuals to develop health literacy of the diet programs he should follow, the physical exercises that they can undertake, cut down their ill practices of having takeaway foods, reduce sedentary lifestyles and any others besides maintaining their medication.
The second action area of the Ottawa charter is called the reorientation of the health services. By this, the chronic illness nurses working in the primary healthcare services need to make sure that the healthcare services are accessible and available to all the individuals in the community. Here the professionals can advocate on behalf of the people who are suffering from the disorder but are not financially stable enough to carry on with treatments (Chan, 2017). The local authorities of the government might contribute to help such individuals by financially helping them through providing free medication and services that will benefit the patients and will safe health for all.
The third area of action of the Ottawa charter is called the creation of the supportive environment. These priority areas are mainly seen to focus and modify the environment situated around individuals. This is mainly because it can determine their approach towards health (Kruis et al., 2014). Here the professionals can advocate on behalf of the patients so that fields and parks are constructed in the communities that would allow them to understand physical activities not only for adults but also for children. Moreover, advocacy for the availability of cheap but nutritious foods in the market will allow people of all socioeconomic classes to get access to high quality foods and reduce chances of occurrence of symptoms of obesity as obesity increases the chance of developing diabetes (Rigs, 2016). Obesity reduces the acceptability rates of the cells to be activated by insulin to take in glucose.
The fourth action area is called the building health policy. Here the primary healthcare professionals need to focus on the implementation of the policies that mainly concentrate on the different health barriers and gives options about how to remove them. This helps the diabetic individuals the scope to choose the healthier option that will reduce the risk of them developing obesity (Stewart et al., 2016). One example can be given here like the NSW Healthy Eating and Living Strategy, which is a policy that had given individuals a wide insight about how health can be kept, fit through effective strategies. This would reduce obesity and hence chances of diabetes.
Another important action area is called the strengthening the community actions. This will allow the individuals and the community to work together for ensuring effective implementation of strategies and priorities so that everyone can achieve better health (Kruk et al., 2015). The chronic illness nurses can arrange for seminars in collaboration with different research and healthcare departments of the government where stalwart nutritionists will come and advice the community about how to engage in effective life style management and proper dietary systems. Moreover the nursing professionals can also arrange for dance sessions, physical exercise sessions, counseling sessions in the community halls so that all members of the community becomes aware about the disorders and take necessity prevention techniques (Sheridan et al., 2015). The people working in offices should be allowed to take food in canteens that do not expose them for high calorie intake reducing the chances of diabetes.
From the above discussion, it is seen that chronic ailments are affecting every communities at a faster rate than the previous decade. Therefore, there remains a huge responsibility for the healthcare professionals to undertake actions so that they can help the communities overcome the barriers of such disorders and live happy lives. Only providing appropriate medications are not enough to ensure fit and healthy life. They need to ensure accessibility of the community members to effective care services, refer tem accordingly to their required therapies. Chronic illness nurses need to ensure public or community participation, arrange health promotions to educate them. They should also ensure appropriate use of technology and inter-sectoral collaboration so that all-important resources are available to them that are required by communities to lead better quality lives they need to follow the five important action areas of the Ottawa charter so that all aspects of healthcare are covered. Therefore, the role of such professionals is huge but they can contribute in ensuring a better future for the nation.
References:
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