Effects Of Grandiose Vulnerable Narcissism On Social Media Usage

Rationale of the Study

Discuss About The Effects Of Grandiose Vulnerable Narcissism?

It has been seen that in the late 19^th century, the scientists have been intrigued in the observing the various patterns of the human behaviour, mostly the phenomenon of self-love or narcissism. The phenomenon of Narcissism is often carried out by the sense of the self or the enlightenment of the self (Bevan, 2017)

However, two individual forms of the narcissism are being documented. They are grandiose narcissism that often includes the sense of the importance of self, dominance, uniqueness and grandiosity. The Vulnerable form of the narcissism is based on insecurities, hypersensitivity towards interpersonal behaviour and withdrawal from the society (B?achnio, Przepiorka & Rudnicka, 2016). The individuals who have a pronounced form of grandiose form of narcissism tends to perceive themselves as successful, gifted, remarkable, and also tend to engage themselves in the active form of presenting oneself.

These are the needs of the individuals for demonstrating their higher and the superior form of the qualities and various achievements. The Narssisists often possesses high amount of self-esteem that are very much unstable and they are more likely towards reacting in a very aggressive manner when they have faced the major threats for their embellished form of the concepts of the self. The various cultural impacts also play an important role for the development and the maintenance of the individuals who are narcissists (Ellison & Vitak, 2015). However, it has been observed by various studies that the narcissist behaviours are more developing in the individuals who are into more into the social networking sites, such as Facebook. Vulnerable narcissism is related to the greater form of tendency for avoiding direct form of feedback as the individuals who are high in the level of vulnerable narcissism are very sensitive to the interpersonal setbacks (Besser & Priel, 2010). Therefore, the individuals who are high in the vulnerable narcissism may also avoid the  social networking sites as they are afraid of the negative form of  feedback.

There is evidence that grandiose narcissism, but not vulnerable narcissism is positively associated with social networking behaviours (Gnambs & Appel, 2017) However, maybe grandiose narcissism is associated with active use of social networking sites, whereas vulnerable narcissism is associated with passive use of social networking sites. 

Aims and Objectives

Objective 1

To investigate whether individuals who are high in grandiose narcissism engage in active use of Facebook more than individuals low in grandiose narcissism.

Aims and Objectives

Objective 2

To investigate whether individuals who are high in vulnerable narcissism engage in passive use of Facebook more than individuals low in vulnerable narcissism.

Hypotheses

Hypothesis for objective one,

H (a): Grandiose narcissism will be positively related to active use of Facebook

H (0): Grandiose narcissism will be negatively related to active use of Facebook

Hypothesis for objective two,

H (a): Vulnerable narcissism will be positively related to passive use of Facebook

H (0): Vulnerable narcissism will be negatively related to passive use of Facebook

The current study is a quantitative form of research that uses the quantitative techniques for the various analyses of the data that are being received from the several participants of the study. The techniques that are used for the sampling of the data are known as the clustering sample. The responses were collected from the survey that was done through the process of questionnaire survey. The responses of the survey were also converted into the quantitative form of data. The Independent variable for the current study is Narcissism and the two degrees of Independent variable were Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism. The Dependent variable is the usage of social networking sites like Facebook.

The Psychology students of University of WA were chosen for the study. The total numbers of participants taken for the study were 437 (400 after the exclusions). Out of which 268 were Females, 131 were Males and 1 other. The Mean age that was taken for the study was 21.17, the S.D of the Age was 6.43 and the Range were (17 to 54) years.

The materials that are used for the purpose of collecting the data for taking the responses from the participants for the study that includes the two form of questionnaires that are discussed in the below section

1. The Narcissism Scale

The narcissism scale is used to measure the narcissism rate of the participants. The questionnaire aims to obtain the discrete responses from the participants that are related to the rate of narcissism in the person. It consists of 10 items in GN subscale (items 6-15) and 10 items in VN subscale (items 1-5 and 16-20). It also uses a 6-point Likert scale ranging from ‘Strongly Disagree’ (1) to ‘Strongly Agree’ (6). Responses to items on each subscale were averaged to create a GN subscale score and a VN subscale score.

1. Active & Passive Facebook Use

The active and passive use scale is used to measure the narcissism rate of the participants. The questionnaire aims to obtain the discrete responses from the participants that are related to the rate of usage of Facebook in the individuals.

Hypotheses

The first step is to give the participants an introductory mail that contains the information about the concerned research. The questionnaire is self-administered and the link is provided to them that can effectively direct them towards the online form of the questionnaire. Secondly, the questionnaire contains a brochure where there are information about the whole questionnaire. Lastly, the participants are asked to fill the form and give their feedback on the same.

Results and Analysis Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
Means (SD) for the Questionnaire responses and the highest and lowest scores
	Mean	SD	Higher Score	Lower Score
Grandiose Narcissism	3.42	0.81	1.30	5.80
Vulnerable Narcissism	3.26	0.79	1.00	5.30
Active Social Use	2.78	0.63	1.00	4.80
Passive Use	3.28	0.71	1.00	5.00

Table 2: Inferential Statistics
Correlation Table
	GN	VN	Active Social Use	Passive Use
Grandiose Narcissism	–	–	–	–
Vulnerable Narcissism	r= 0.01 p= 0.89	–	–	–
Active Social Use	r = 0.01 p< 0.01** H1	r= 0.01 p= 0.79	–	–
Passive Use	r= 0.01 p= 0.83	r= 0.18 p<0.01** H2	r= 0.50 p<0.01**	–

The main aim of the study is to whether individuals who are high in grandiose narcissism engage in active use of Facebook more than individuals low in grandiose narcissism. In addition, the study also observes that whether individuals who are high in vulnerable narcissism engage in passive use of Facebook more than individuals low in vulnerable narcissism (Jin, 2013). There were statistical analysis that was conducted both the descriptive and inferential statistics were put into use. From the Inferential statistics, it was clearly found out that both the hypotheses have been accepted. However, it can be said that the differences may explain why the posting of the pictures loads into the active form of the social factor while posting the videos can load onto the non-social factors (Jin, 2013).

The trait then would be the part of the passive users. Various previous forms of researches on Facebook have used personality, and they have found that people who are high on the Conscientiousness. This phenomenon have observed various traits that are persistent of the goal drive and that includes the restraints that are being less amount of time on Facebook that are more likely to use the site for gaining the news and the information.

This may mean that that the users who have the Goal Drive persistence that are being assessed by the Facebook as the source of the various news and the environment that has been opposed to  the place for maintaining the friendships and the building the social form of capital. These members tend to spend a shorter amount of time for the on the sites and liking of the articles that are informational and the news updates from the friends are explained when they are active and on the non-social uses (Simoncic et al., 2014).

Although there exists the association that exists between the personality and the engagement in the social networking sites like the Facebook are very significant effects a small amount of people of the society (Roberts, 2016). These several findings have major impacts on how the individuals who tend to engage with the sites. The results, however, have the line with the previous studies on Personality and the usage of Facebook that typically find out small effect sizes for the significant form of relationships that exists between the personality traits and the aspects for the usage of Facebook.

References

Bevan, J. L. (2017). Perceptions of Selfie Takers Versus Selfie Stick Users: Exploring Personality and Social Attraction Differences. Computers in Human Behavior.

B?achnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Rudnicka, P. (2016). Narcissism and self-esteem as predictors of dimensions of Facebook use. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 296-301.

Brailovskaia, J., & Bierhoff, H. W. (2016). Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between self-presentation, social interaction and the open and covert narcissism on a social networking site in Germany and Russia. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 251-257.

Ellison, N. B., & Vitak, J. (2015). Social network site affordances and their relationship to social capital processes. The handbook of the psychology of communication technology, 32, 205-228.

Frost, R. L., & Rickwood, D. J. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 576-600.

Jin, B. (2013). How lonely people use and perceive Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2463-2470.

Lee, J. A., & Sung, Y. (2016). Hide-and-seek: narcissism and “Selfie”-related behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(5), 347-351.

Marshall, T. C., Lefringhausen, K., & Ferenczi, N. (2015). The Big Five, self-esteem, and narcissism as predictors of the topics people write about in Facebook status updates. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 35-40.

Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y., & Konrath, S. (2013). Mirror or Megaphone?: How relationships between narcissism and social networking site use differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 2004-2012.

Roberts, C. (2016). Are Personality and Facebook Use Related to Depression and Anxiety? (Doctoral dissertation, Appalachian State University).

Sheldon, P., & Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97.

Simoncic, T. E., Kuhlman, K. R., Vargas, I., Houchins, S., & Lopez-Duran, N. L. (2014). Facebook use and depressive symptomatology: Investigating the role of neuroticism and extraversion in youth. Computers in p>

Rationale of the Study