Efficiency And Effectiveness Analysis Of Joint Communication And Radar Sensing Technique For Ad-hoc Vehicular Networking

Design and Applications of Vehicular Network

Vehicular networking project is proposed for the effective management of the traffic on the road to minimize risks of accidents. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of the joint communication and radar sensing technique which are used for the construction of Ad-hoc vehicular network.

Vehicular network is designed for scheduling of the road safety mechanism by controlling the traffic on the road. The applications of the vehicular network are based on various use cases according to the situation of the traffic (Liang, Peng, and Shen, 2017). The design of the vehicular network should be capable of generating warning signal when there is a chance of collision to be occurred. The change of lane should be assisted to the user at the time of congestion. The situation of overtaking to the other vehicle should be cope up with the warning signal for emergency condition (Karagiannis,  Altintas, Ekici, Heijenk, Jarupan, Lin, and Weil, 2012). The development plan of vehicular network helps in reducing the chance of head on collision with other vehicles. The system is required to develop a joint communication and radar sensing to innovates the vehicular network with advanced technique. The joint communication helps in managing communication between the peer to peer vehicles for generating alert signal according to the situation. The radar system is used for analysing the geographical location of the user in the adhoc network of the vehicles. The performance of the adhoc system can be measured on the effective management of communication between the two or more vehicles which are interacted in the area of 150 metres. The reliability of the system depends on the power of sensing the traffic through the radar system and radio coverage of sending the signal for implement joint communication between vehicles. The following diagram shows the infrastructure which should be taken under consideration while developing an adhoc vehicular network (Khairnar, and Kotecha, 2013). The physical and the network set up of the proposed model includes the orientation of radar system for improving the capability of sensing the traffic and implementation of joint communication radar sensing protocol with the association of application protocol data unit and internet protocol (Vegni, Biagi, and Cusani, 2016). 

(Source: Karagiannis, G., Altintas, O., Ekici, E., Heijenk, G., Jarupan, B., Lin, K., and Weil, T.  (2012). A vehicular networking: A survey and tutorials on requirement, architecture, challenges, standards and solution. 1st ed. [ebook].) 

Joint Communication and Radar Sensing for Vehicular Network

The research questions which are undertaken to study the use of joint communication and radar sensing for the development of effective Ad-hoc vehicular network are as follows:

1. What are the outcomes of the Feasibility study on using joint communication system and radar sensing techniques?
2. What are the technologies required for the physical layer and signal processing in the construction of the vehicular network?
3. How the network topologies and resource optimization are used in deployment of network layer in the Vehicular network 

The aim of this paper is to gather information regarding physical setup and network requirement which are deployed for the development plan of the vehicular network.

The qualitative and quantitative methodologies are used for gathering required information for developing an experimental setup of vehicular advanced network system. The surveys, interviews, and questionaires are arranged with the experts of networking system to demonstrate the working of physical and networking layer in the development of JCRS system for vehicles (Sturm and Zwick, 2010). The capability of the system in securing the collision of the vehicle can be measured by deploying a use case methodology for different situation which can occur in handling the traffic. During the construction of the project, we will focus on the vehicular network system based on joint communication and radar sensing system, analysis of the feasibility study based on system hardware and software requirement, Use of JRS technology for the development of physical layer of the network, and analysis of the network layer requirement in regards to topology and optimization resource tools (Heath, 2012). The following Use cases helps in analysing the experimental setup proposed for the management of joint communication and radar sensing system in the vehicular network.

Use case	Mode of communication	Frequency	Latency period	Action taken
Alert generated for warning the occurrence of collision	Broadcasting of the messages should be generated on the periodic basis	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Alert signal generation
Requesting for change of lane	Coordination in the vehicle management	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Assisting the user to change its lane for omitting congestion
Warning for overtaking	Broadcasting messages for overtaking situation	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Overtaking should be minimized
Warning for the occurrence of Head on collision	Broadcasting messages for Collision situation	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Collision should be minimized
Warning for emergency situation of the vehicle	Broadcasting messages for emergency situation	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Emergency situation can be effectively handled
Warning for speed limit	Broadcasting messages for speed of the vehicles	10 Hz	It should be less than 100 m/s	Minimize the speed to reduce the chance of collision

The feasibility analysis of the use case and the physical and network technologies required for developing an ad-hoc vehicular network for handling the emergency situation of collision. The technical requirements of the project are completely feasible with the development of the logical plan developed for implementing the project for managing the traffic (Ahmed, 2014). The technical requirement of the proposed system are intelligent radar system for sensing the geographical location of the user, joint communication radar sensing protocol for managing the sending and receiving of warning signal between the participating units (Daneil, Enoch, and Heath, 2012). The performance of the proposed system can be measured by evaluating the use cases which are used for managing the traffic control problems associated in the ad-hoc vehicular network management plan.

The Experimental setup required for the development of the adhoc vehicular network based on joint communication and radar sensing system works depends on physical layer requirement and network layer requirement.

Technologies required for the physical layer and signal processing in the construction of the vehicular network:

• Information of the traffic for a particular route of the user
• Accumulation of physical entities and sub-system on the particular location
• Development of the connection between physical entities and integrated system for managing the flow of information and data
• The physical entities are divided into four segments which are classified as Centres, traveller, vehicles, and field
• On-board equipment (OBE)
• RSE stands for road side equipment
• SDN stands for service delivery node
• ENOC stands for Enterprise network operation center
• CA stands for certificate authority

Feasibility of the Proposed System

The use of network topologies and resource optimization in deployment of network layer in the Vehicular network:

Parameters used for Simulation	Values
Physical Layer connection	IEEE 802.11a/g/p
Frequency of the Centre paradigm	5.89 GHz
Bandwidth of the Spectrum	10 to 20 MHz
Sample rate of Physical Layer	4 * Bandwidth
Sample rate of the channel	100 * Bandwidth
Protocol	IEEE 802.11p
Range of target 1	5 to 50 m
Range of target 2	25 m
Model used for channelization	Radar range equation
Noise	5 Decibel
Phase of the path	Uniform structure
Thermal Noise	Gaussian Complex problem
Transmission Power	20 dbm
Range of direct path	0.2 m
Estimation of channel	Sensing power of the radar system

The experimental setup which is used for studying the joint communication and radar sensing on the Adhoc vehicular network which can be demonstrated from the figure below

The risk associated with the vehicular network is variation in the geographical location of the participating user in the adhoc network. The result of the proposed project is the feasibility testing of the protocol IEEE 802.11p for connection between the physical unit, efficiency of the radar system to sense the location of the vehicle within 150 meter, and performance measurement of algorithms used for communication (Enoch, Choi, Prelcic, Bhat, and Heath, 2014). 

Conclusion

It is concluded that multiples antennas should be used for predicting the location of the motor cycle or other user from all the side to protect it from collision. We have analysed that the technical requirements of the project are completely feasible with the development of the logical plan developed for implementing the project for managing the traffic

References:

Ahmed, F.  (2014). A Feasibility study of Wi-Fi based vehicular adhoc network. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/9770/AhmedF.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Daneil, R., Enoch, R., and Heath, R .  (2012). Forward Collision Vehicular radar: Feasibility demonstration through measurement. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.03351.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Enoch, R, Choi, J., Prelcic, N., Bhat, C., and Heath, R.  (2014). Security in Automative Radar and vehicular networks. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/bhat/ABSTRACTS/SecurityOverview_mmWave_V2X.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Heath, R .  (2012). Vehicular milimeter wave communications: Opportunities and challenges. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ctrutaustin/heath-45522468 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Karagiannis, G., Altintas, O., Ekici, E., Heijenk, G., Jarupan, B., Lin, K., and Weil, T.  (2012). A vehicular networking: A survey and tutorials on requirement, architecture, challenges, standards and solution. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~ekici/papers/vanet_survey.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Khairnar, V., and Kotecha, K .  (2013). Performance of Vehicle to vehicle communication in Adhoc network environment. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1304/1304.3357.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Liang, L., Peng, H. and Shen, X.  (2017). Vehicular communication: A physical layer perspective. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316270853_Vehicular_Communications_A_Physical_Layer_Perspective [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Sturm, C., and Zwick, T.  (2010). Joint Radar sensing and communication based on OFDM signals for Intelligent transportation system. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.terjin.com/dl/summit/Paper_Sturm_LS_Telcom_Summit_2010.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].

Vegni, A., Biagi, M., and Cusani, R.  (2016). Smart vehicles, technologies and main application in vehicular adhoc networks. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9a5b/a54633ebfdb6c84e008a350d03ea2c009c89.pdf [Accessed 13 Apr. 2018].