Discuss about the TDR Analysis for Tourism and Development.
This essay aims to discuss the efficiency of tourism in the city of Sydney as a successful Tourist Destination Region. TDR is a place where the tourists visit, stay and enjoy the place mainly due to relish the natural beauty of the place or engross the cultural value of the region. This has tourism products, get infrastructural support, attractions as well as tourism resources. The most general classifications of tourism are on the basis of the requirements of tourism. The TDR receives the tourists when they have some interested in gazing certain attractions. In this perspective two major tourism theories can be discussed. One is Leiper’s model and the other is Butler’s tourism area life cycle model. In judging the validity and attractiveness of the TDR. Doxey’s Irritation Index or Irridex. This essay will critically analyse the city of Sydney as a successful TDR, the factors which make the place more attractive and the role or effect of tourism or hospitality in the development of this region. This essay concludes with the evidences of sustainable tourism in Sydney discussed on the basis of sustainability theory.
Tourism in the city of Sydney forms an essential part in the economy of the region. In the previous year this region is visited by more than 9.5 million of visitor only from the states of Australia as well as 4 million international tourists. There are various tourist attractions in this city which includes Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney Mardi Gras, Luna Park, Royal Botanical Gardens, its beaches and famous Sydney Tower. The NSW or New South Wales Government is the responsible authority to take care of tourism matters on this particular region. This is the reason why this government has operated two relevant programs one is the Brand Sydney and Visit Sydney. The Australian Minister of Tourism and Project Steering Committee are responsible to complete the Brand Sydney project. In addition to this the recent data has revealed that this region has gained competitive advantage to the tourism hot spots like Canberra, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Hobart and Tropical North Queensland.
Leiper’s model and Butler’s tourism area life cycle model is important as the first one discusses the tourism attraction systems through which the organisations as well as the government of the region can understand the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the region as fitting the attracts of the global tourists (Leiper 1990). On the other hand, the Butler’s tourism area life cycle model discloses the critical range of elements of capacity (Butler 2006). This helps the authorities to judge the involvement, development and the position of the region in gaining competitive advantage more than the neighbouring tourist spots. Sydney is in the development phase where the host country acknowledges the plans actively advertise as well as develop this region for tourism.
According to Leiper’s model, the phenomenon of tourism is a system and this functions under various environments. These environments are related with Social, Physical, Human, Cultural, Technological, Political, Economic and Legal Environments. The whole tourism systems or WTS are associated with people, organisations and the places which interact with one another and play certain roles in the development of tourism in a particular region. In every whole tourism system, there are five elements present. These are
the TDR is fitted in the pull factor as this attributes of a different place that attracts or pulls the tourist towards it.
Sydney as a tourism region is very much successful as there re various positive factors working in support to develop the region as an attractive tourist policy. One of the major factors that this particular region provides, is its welcoming people. The survey has revealed the fact that this city has more security measures and policies supported but the NSW government for which the global as well as domestic tourists prefer this city as a tourist region. In addition to this, the city has to offer various magnetisms which pull the global tourists more effectively. The main tourist attractions of this place are distributed even in every part and serves different types of people differently. Sydney Opera House is the most distinctive building that carries the heritage and brand of the city. Sydney Opera House is currently a centre for natural as well as cultural activities. Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney harbour. This dramatic water vista is an iconic image of both Sydney and Australia. The city has a huge number of established museums some of which the oldest in the whole country capturing the history and anthropology of this region, city parks are the home of various species of plants which are also free for the tourists. In the Toronga Zoo, the tourists can found more than 2500 animals of 340 species, Sydney Wildlife world is the most unusual place to be called a zoo as it is fully air condition and keep various species of snakes. This city has numerous beaches open for the public throughout the year and arrange various events and the international tourists mainly feel attracted to the surfing events. Sydney Olympic park is a haven for many international sports events which was mainly built for the 2000 Olympics. Now this stadium is used for attracting numerous international tourist for Sydney Festival, Sydney Royal Easter Show and Big Day Out. Darling Harbour has been redeveloped from the inductile wharf to the major tourist attraction by the tourism department of Australia. It is a home to retail as well as major tourist precincts (Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au 2018). It includes Sydney Entertainment Centre, Sydney’s Chinese Gardens, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, National Maritime Museum that features museum ships and movie theatres.
Tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in this world as this contributes a significant economic growth as well as employment opportunities within the tourism industry of the region. The data reveals that half of the tourists of this region are the business travellers which increase the economic growth by 7% (Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au 2018). In Sydney there are various organisations that take responsivities to present the region as the tourist spot in the international market. Sydney is haven of more than 60% of the metropolitan hotel rooms. As the visitors spend money on varieties of activities for example accommodation, shopping, transport, restaurants and visiting major tourist attractions of the city, the impression of this kind of growth can flow to a various ranges of businesses in this particular region. As the tourism industry in New South Wales, this industry is greater than forestry, agriculture and fishing. This is because tourism in the city of Sydney supports many business starting from cafés, shops and hotels to petrol pumps, laundries as well as market gardeners. This also helps the transportation industry as the tourist spots of the place are fairly distributed in every one of this city. For this reason, the train, bus and motor transportation has been facilitated greatly. In addition to this, cruise ship and other water vehicles are also benefitted for tourism. These have become the fastest growing zone in this city’s tourism sector.
Hospitality and employment goes hand in hand.as the tourism sector of a place directly helps in the employment and human development factors (Sharpley and Telfer 2015). The industry becomes one of the major sources of employment basically for the labours and the management. Numerous types of jobs are provided to the local people as well as the foreigners in the hotels and restaurants in different occupations. The hotels are the alternative sources for local people as facilities. Many hotels in the city act as social centres of the communities. In this section the theory of Doxey’s Irritation Index or Irridex can be discussed (Coccossis and Mexa 2017). In this theory, one can measure the observation of the tourists as the destinations develop over time by the host. Through proper effect on development of the destination the region can attract more tourists and the growth will be continuing.
Sustainable tourism is a concept of visiting place as tourist as making a positive impression on the development of the socially, economy and environment of the place (Vanhove 2017). The theory of sustainability by Felix Ekardt ascribes with the fact that the sustainability cannot be achieved without business (Ekardt 2016). The method of amalgamating business with tourism can be an important factor gaining sustainability. Due to tourism, the development of this TDR has been amplified and the government has initiated numerous projects which aim to grow, diversify as well as sustain the tourism sector in the partnership with the government, along with other stakeholders (Bramwell 2015). These projects encourage the development of new and more diverse range of hotels in the city. These projects aim to improve the key areas of the city by including rail facilities, outdoor dining, increased public transport and open public places fir the tourists. Through various marketing campaigns, the government aim to promote Sydney as the destination for business meets and international markets (Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au 2018). The projects focus on arranging various festivals as well as events so that the city gets more exposure in the global tourist market. Sydney’s priority focuses on tourism sector has many facets in it. These are:
In gaining the sustainable growth this city focuses in its core areas:
Destination development: inspiring the growth of the tourism-related products as well as infrastructure.
Destination management: augmenting quality of visitor experience
Destination marketing: rejuvenating partnerships among the stakeholders to increase the number of visitor.
In addition to this, this TDR also relates the environmental impacts of tourism to gain sustainability in their activities. The coastal tourism has become a part of their sustainable tourism strategy. The Building Sustainability Index (BASIX) in the coastal areas ensures the hotels as well as homes are planned using a specific water as well as energy targets (Ferguson and Alarcón 2015). Ecotourism Australia ensures that the tourism department will practice best ecological sustainability. The city’s government as well as other associated companies have aimed to develop a highly sustainable place for tourists where there will be no issues regarding human society or the degradation of nature.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the TDR is an important part of tourism development of the place. Here in this essay TDR has been taken as Sydney, one of the largest city of Australia. This has become one of the major region of tourist attraction due to its natural beauty, national importance and business presence. The region has developed itself with the support of the government of NSW which provides financial as well as administrative support for developing an attractive place for the visits of domestic as well as international tourists. The government along with other organisations have built the arrangements of accommodation, transportation and other facilities which has helped rhea industry in one hand and receive benefits due to this industry effectively. The issue of sustainable development has gained importance in this place so that the region continues to flourish with time.
References:
Bramwell, B., 2015. Theoretical activity in sustainable tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 54, pp.204-218.
Butler, R. ed., 2006. The tourism area life cycle (Vol. 1). Channel view publications.
Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au (2018). Tourism – City of Sydney. [online] Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/business/business-support/business-in-your-sector/key-industries/tourism [Accessed 24 May 2018].
Coccossis, H. and Mexa, A., 2017. The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment: Theory and practice. Routledge.
de Grosbois, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: A performance evaluation using a new institutional theory based model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), pp.245-269.
Ekardt, F., 2016. Justice and Sustainability: Normative Criteria for the Use of Phosphorus. In Phosphorus in Agriculture: 100% Zero (pp. 317-330). Springer, Dordrecht.
Ferguson, L. and Alarcón, D.M., 2015. Gender and sustainable tourism: reflections on theory and practice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(3), pp.401-416.
Leiper, N., 1990. Tourist attraction systems. Annals of tourism research, 17(3), pp.367-384.
Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world. Routledge.
Stergiou, D.P. and Airey, D., 2018. Understandings of tourism theory. Tourism Review.
Vanhove, N., 2017. The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge.
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