To check that whether Annie is able to be a part of a valid employment contract or not.
People need to have the required the capacity to enter into a contract. In general, people who are not a citizen of Australia can build up a contract in this nation. The problem is with employment contracts as a person who is not resident of Australia is likely to be restricted by developing any contract of employment in the nation (Waarden, 2018). In the case of migrants, the law says that such people are not allowed to be employed in Australia except in those cases where terms of their visa allow the same. In addition to this, under a common law, it is a rule that a person who has not attained the age of 18 years at the time of entering into a contract, he/she cannot be held a party of a valid contract.
Further, in addition to this, there must not be the existence of any unlawful term in a contract. A contract cannot be held valid if the same consist one or more unlawful term. Misrepresentation is one of the kinds of unlawful term. It is a situation where a person misrepresents an important fact to the other party of the transaction with the intention to seek his/her consent (E-Law Resources, 2018). Such representation can be fraudulent or innocent. Meeting of minds is also necessary for the development of a valid contract. If parties are not clear with the intention of each other, a valid contract cannot exist in a transaction (Morgan, Bauer, Flowers and Morrissey, 2017).
In the given case, the person named Annie was migrant for Australia as she belongs to China originally. She moved to Australia and started working in Chinatown Restaurant. According to the provisions of law, being a Migrant she was not capable to develop a contract of employment. Further, nothing is stated about her age and terms, and conditions of her visa. If assume that she attained the age of 18 years at the time of development of the subjective contract and visa allowed her to carry an employment, yet some other issues are involved there.
The HR of China town restaurant said to Annie, that if she would work for another restaurant her status would be a change from employee to contractor, which was not correct and hence will be treated as misrepresentation. In addition to the cause of this misrepresentation, Annie thought that she is going to act as an independent contractor that was not true in actual. Meeting of minds of both the parties was missing in the contract. In the original contract that Annie has developed with China town restaurant, no misrepresentation was there, however, in the subsequent contract, HR of the china town restaurant told Annie that nothing would change, which was a false statement. Therefore cause of misrepresentation, this cannot be treated as a valid contract.
Conclusion
Annie was not a party of any valid contract due to the presence of misrepresentation and was not even able to develop an employment contract in Australia because of her migrant status if the visa has not allowed the same.
Whether Annie is an employee of China Town restaurant even after her resignation.
Mainly two types of employment are there in the nation. One is an employee and another one is an independent contractor. Many times, there is a confusion about the existence of an employment contract because of the nature of working of the person or because of the mutual arrangements made between the person and his/her instructor. To check the existence of such employment contract, there are few common law tests. Control test has is one of the significant tests out of them. The same has been set out in the case of Zuijs v Wirth Brothers Pty Ltd [1955] HCA 73. According to the decision given in this case, it has provided that the control level of the employer on a person decides that whether the same is an employee or a contractor. Therefore, if a person is controlled in terms of his/her clothes and timing related to the workplace, he/she will be considered an employee. Further, the decision was given in the case of Humberstone v Northern Timber Mills (1949) 79 CLR 389 provided that if a person is required to wear a uniform during the hours of his/her working hours then such person will be treated as an employee, not an independent contractor.
Integration test is another useful test in order to check the existence of an employer-employee relationship. The test provides that the level of integration of a person in the work decide his/her status (Young, 2018).
The third and most significant test i.e. multi-factor test which is first used in the case of Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd [1986] and later on in the case of Hollis v Vabu (2001) 207 CLR 21. This test says that to check out such relationship, many of the factors need to be reviewed. These are the factors based on which employment of a person is undertaken and each factor plays a very crucial role. This test denied the applicability of uniform test in every case and stated that the same cannot be applied in every case. The test further focuses on various factors that need to be a review in the course of checking the employer-employee relationship. These factors include factors such as working hours, equipment provided by employer and condition of wearing of the uniform need to be analyzed (Weil, 2015).
In the given case, Annie has resigned the China town restaurant. Even after her resignation, she was required to wear the uniform provided by china town. Applying the provisions set out in the case of Humberstone v Northern Timber Mills, Annie seems to be an employee of the China Town restaurant (CTR) as she was used to wearing the uniform of the previous restaurant i.e. China Town restaurant. In addition to this applying the control test as set out in the case of Zuijs v Wirth Brothers Pty Ltd, this can be stated that the HR of CTR had full control over the working of Annie. HR of this restaurant was used to allow the leave and pay to Annie. At last, applying the multi-factor test, this can be stated that many of the factors were there that held Annie as an employee of the restaurant. As stated in the case of Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd, Annie’s working hours were fixed, she was not entitled to take leave of any day as per her will and was bound with the instructions of China town restaurant, she seems to be an employee of CTR.
Annie was way much integrated into the affairs of CTR and hence according to the integration test also she will be held an employee of CTR.
Conclusion
Annie was an employee of China Town restaurant as a control test, integration test and multi-factor test resulted so.
What are the possible breaches of federal legislation in the act requiring Annie to develop a contract with Restaurant services (RS)?
Fair Work Act, 2009 (Cth) (hereinafter referred to as the act for this part) prevents the employer to develop sham contracts (ilo.org, 2018). Sham contracts are those contracts that employer develops with their employees for the purpose to ignore their obligation under employment laws. In such kind of contracts, the employer refuses to consider a person as his/her employee and shows the same as an independent contractor. Fair Work Inspector can inspect in the matters of sham contracting.
Part 3-1, Division 6 of the act particularly makes focus on this aspect and restrict the employer developing sham contacts with their employees as the same is not a valid thing to do.
Section 375 of FWA says that an employer is restricted to develop a contract with his/her employee in a wrongful manner and cannot show his/her as an independent contractor to set aside the liabilities of an employer under the employment law of the nation (Australian Government, 2018). In addition to this, under section 359 of the act, an employer is prohibited from making a false statement that allows him/her to represent the employment relationship in a wrongful manner (Austlii, 2018).
In the provided case, China town has developed a contract with Annie requiring her to act as an independent contractor for the other Restaurant named restaurant service. This whole transaction was fake as there was no such intention of the china town restaurant and it is already established that Annie was an employee of CTR. The motive behind the development of the subjective contract was to ignore the liability of china town restaurant as an employer of Annie. Applying the provisions of section 357 of the act, this was a clear breach of the provision of the act as CTR developed an arrangement in a wrongful manner with it is employee Annie. In addition to this, CTR also breached the provision as laid down in the section 359 as it has made a false statement to Annie and told her that even after the development of new arrangement with restaurant service, nothing would change whereas, in actual, Annie’s pay was affected cause of her contract with restaurant services.
Conclusion
China town restaurant has breached the provisions of the Fair Work Act, 2009 under section 357 and 359 and in this manner; the restaurant was involved in the breach of federal legislation.
References
Austlii. (2018) Fair Work Act 2009. [online] Available from: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fwa2009114/ [Accessed on 22/10/2018]
Australian Government. (2018) Fair Work Act 2009. [online] Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00323 [Accessed on 22/10/2018]
E-Law Resources. (2018) Misrepresentation. [online] Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Misrepresentation.php
Fair Work Act, 2009 (Cth)
Hollis v Vabu (2001) 207 CLR 21
Humberstone v Northern Timber Mills (1949) 79 CLR
ilo.org. (2018) Fair Work Act 2009. [online] Available from: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/157/Fair [Accessed on 13/10/2018]
Morgan, R., C., Bauer, M., D., Flowers, R., K. and Morrissey, J., F. (2017) Elder Law in Context. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. [Accessed on 22/10/2018]
Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd [1986]
Waarden, N., V., D. (2018) Understanding Employment Law: Concepts and Cases. Australia: LexisNexis Butterworths.
Weil, S. (2015) Australia: Examination Of The Test To Determine Worker Status: Independent Contractor Or Employee? [online] Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/423068/employee+rights+labour+relations/Examination+Of+The+Test+To+Determine+Worker+Status+Independent+Contractor+Or+Employee
Young, C. (2018) Legal Tests to Determine Contract OF/FOR Services. [online] Available from: https://www.academia.edu/8848818/Legal_Tests_to_Determine_Contract_OF_FOR_Services [Accessed on 13/10/2018]
Zuijs v Wirth Brothers Pty Ltd [1955] HCA 73
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download