Essay For Project Plan On Grinding Machine: Literature Review, Types, And Research Goals

Literature Review

Describe about the Essay for Project Plan on Grinding Machine.

The particular project proposal plan consists of the topic that is grinding machine. It is the process by which the metals are removed by the application of abrasives that are bonded to form a rotating wheel. When the machine is moving the abrasive particles, it acts as a cutting tool. The machine supports as well as rotating the abrasive wheel of the grinding machine to support the work piece into proper relation to the wheel. It is employed in order to obtain with high accuracy along with a high class of surface finish within the work piece (Yu et al. 2015). The new advent of new generation of the grinding machine is characterized by its rigidity, speed as well as power enables the machine to go for high-efficiency deep grinding. 

The project proposal reflects the literature review followed by research questions, aims as well as sub-goals. After that, the theoretical content such as the theoretical methodology of the proposed project and plan. Within the experimental setup, it gives an overview of the proposed topic on the use of grinding machine as well as its functions and usefulness. After analyzing the experimental result from the research methodology, it discusses the result, outcome and relevance of the proposed research plan based on grinding machine. It provides a project planning, and Gantt chart depicts a work breakdown that should be undertaken to complete the project plan within the estimated timeframe.

Within the manufacturing process, the engineers are facing two vital problems. Firstly, it is the process to determine the desired quality of product to meet with its technical specifications. Secondly, it is the maximization the performance of manufacturing system using available resources (Ding, Tang and Zhong 2016). In the grinding process, most of the phenomenon are complex, and it interacts with a large number of factors that prevent them from high process performance work to do. In order to overcome the above two mentioned problems, the researcher proposes a machine that can simulate the conditions during grinding is grinding machine. The grinding is the manufacturing process that determines the technological outcome as well as quality (Rowe 2013). A grinder is used to outline as well as finish the materials with low surface roughness as well as a high surface of quality. It has finishing operations that remove small quantities of metals and delivers high accurate products to the manufacturing industries. Apart from this, particular grinding applications are involved to eliminate high volumes of metals. 

Types of Grinding Machine

The grinding operations are successes based on a proper selection of different grinding parameters such as speed of a wheel, a speed of work, transverse feed as well as the in-feed area of contact; balance the grinding wheels as well as dressing (Haase, Haase and Ralf 2015). Based on the operations of the grinding machine, if the machine is not mounted securely then it results in vibration. It causes the ground to produce irregular surface. Improper alignment affects the accuracy of the grinding (Williams et al. 2016). In order to absorb the vibration, it is advised to situate the strip of cushioning material under the flanges of the mounting. At the time when the wheel of the grinding machine is functioning properly, then it grains cut from the workpiece. In the grinding, the grinding wheel has its speed in SFPM as well as the spindle of the grinder is checked to make certain that it runs with its specified speed. If the speed of the grinding wheel is slow, then it results in waste of abrasive (Chang and Wu 2015). However, the excessive speed causes the hard grinding action as well as glazes the wheel. The feed of the grinding wheel determines a certain level to end the produced on the work as well as it various types as well as shapes of the grinding wheels (Kim et al. 2015). A grinding machine is regarded as the machine tools as it has a distinguished feature to rotate the abrasive tool. The conventional grinding machine is classified as follows:

Surface grinding machine: It is similar to the milling machine that is used to grind the flat surface. These types of grinder are also capable of producing contour surface with formed grinding wheel. The work piece is supported on the rectangular table that moves back as well as forth beneath the grinding wheel (Thomas, David and Manu 2015). It has horizontal wheel spindles as well as mounts straight. Within this machine, the work is magnetically attached to the table, and it is ground by navigating or rotating the movement of the table.  

Figure 1: Surface-Grinding Machine

(Source: Thomas, David and Manu 2015, pp-279)

Cylindrical grinding machine: This type of machine is used to produce external cylindrical surface. The surfaces should be straight, profiled as well as tapered. The workpiece rotates about a fixed axis as well as the surface machined concentric to the rotational axis. The basic components of the cylindrical grinding machine are that it consists of wheel head that incorporates the spindle as well as driver motors. A cross slide moves the wheel head to as well as from the work piece (Dudhatra, Chauhan and Khilosia 2015). A headstock that locates as well as drives the workpiece and finally a tailstock holds the other end of the work.

Research Questions, Aim, and Sub-goals

Figure 2: Cylindrical Grinding Machine

(Source: Dudhatra, Chauhan and Khilosia 2015, pp-37)

Internal grinding machine: The machine is used to produce internal cylindrical surface. The surfaces should be straight, grooved, profiled as well as tapered. The standard elements of the internal grinding machine are the worked, which holds the work as well as it has its drive and wheelhead that has its spindle (Loganathan and Gandhi 2015). The internal grinder has transverse movement in order to carry the wheel to as well as from the work zone.

Figure 3: Internal Grinding Machine

(Source: Loganathan and Gandhi 2015, pp-39)

Centerless grinding machine: The workpiece rotates involving the grinding wheels a well as regulating drive wheel. There are two fundamental modes of the centerless grinding machine such as thru-feed as well as in-feed. In the method of thru-feed, the processes of work proceed within the axial direction through a narrow gap between the grinding wheels a well as regulating drive wheel (Guo and Li 2016). The in-feed mode is used to prohibit the thru-feed, the work is positioned on work-rest blade while one of the wheels is retracted as well as provided to the end stop. Then the wheel is carried back, diminishes the gap between the wheels and grinder of work.

Figure 4: Centerless grinding machine

(Source: Guo and Li 2016, pp-125)

The following are the research questions:

• Among the four types of grinding machines, which one is the best for the manufacturing industries?
• What are the risks the user faces while using the grinding machine?
• What are the major obstacles of using the grinding machine within manufacturing industries?

The aim of the project plan is to analyze the four types of grinding machine, its functions as well as uses. It discusses the useful of the grinding machine to fulfill the purpose of grinding the work (Dhatrak and Gond 2016). The reason behind analyzing four types of grinding machines is that various types of machines serve various purposes to carry out the grinding work.

In order to address the research questions, the following are the goals that are expected to achieve while carrying out the project plan as follows:

1. Development of the grinding machine such that it is used to reduce the size of the particle in materials processing.
2. Analyzing the different types of grinding machine to become familiar with its function and uses (Wegener 2015).
3. Finding the challenges as well as obstacles within the grinding machine in the manufacturing industries (Cui et al. 2016).

The researcher performs the research work on the chosen topic that is grinding machine. The analyzing on the chosen topic is carried out by evaluation of different journals, articles, library sources as well as magazines. There are also various types of research works that are carried out to develop an understanding of the topic (Kunihiro et al. 2015). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is the assortment of the statistical as well as mathematical methods that are used to expand, develop as well as optimize the grinding process. It is the most important application in designing, developing as well as formulating new products with improvement over the existing product designs. Junker (2015) reviewed that the users of grinding machine in the manufacturing industry are aware of the experiences that affect the life choices, and they want to assume control of their safety. From the research, it gives information about various types of grinding machines and their roles and functions.

Theoretical Content/ Methodology

After review of various journals, it is identified that this research study has some limitations. Firstly, there is no such information on the efficiency of grinding machine that is to be increased. Secondly, there is no information about effective modulation of the grinding machine (Loganathan and Gandhi 2015). Thirdly, no performance evaluation is done on various types of machines; therefore, it takes a long time to analyze the results to understand the uses of grinding machines. There is a lack of available data on the grinding machine limits the scope of the analysis (Jauhari, Widodo and Haryanto 2015). The research is conducted within eight weeks, which is not enough for the researcher to gather definite information about the grinding machine. Therefore, it would be better if it should do in longer time. Even simple hypothesis are taken to conduct the literature.

A signal analysis, as well as a knowledge based monitoring system, is used to help enhancement of the current grinding process planning. The system is realized with the software tool that develops the designed algorithms such as Matlab, upgrade from the manual signal processing to automated procedure as well as provides process evaluation (Hong and Yin 2016). It improves the consistency, accuracy as well as objectivity while analyzing the processes of grinding. The start of the art within the manufacturing industry applications relies on a personal understanding of the grinding. There is no such standard are required to follow that creates subjectivity within the analysis (Jauhari, Widodo and Haryanto 2015).  Within the analysis, there are no such existing algorithms in order to perform as the study is focused on one grinding cycle. There are no such existing method results in correlation with the process parameters as well as outcomes of the process.

After analyzing the literature review and the research methodology, it is seen that it is required to identify the best grinding machine used for the manufacturing industry such that best result is obtained. If the machine is not handled properly, then it should be dangerous for the users (Wegener 2015). Therefore, it is required to handle the machine properly with the following safety measures:

1. It is required to wear goggles for the operations of the grinding machines.
2. Maintenance of the grinding wheels is required for cracks before mounting.
3. The users should never alter the workpiece or any other work mounting devices when the grinding machine is working.
4. The grinding machine should never be used at speeds more than the recommended speed by the experts.
5. Before turning off the machine, the workpiece should be removed from the grinding wheel (Loganathan and Gandhi 2015).
6. On the bench grinders, the tool rest is adjusted 1/16 to 1/8 inch from the wheel.
7. Apart from this, proper wheel guards are used on the grinding machines (Chang and Wu 2015).

The grinding operations are analyzed through monitoring as well as analyzing the power of the spindle during the process. As the grinding process is complex, therefore analysis of the grinding process relies on the personal experience of the engineer.

In order to complete the proposed project plan successfully, it is required to maintain a schedule so that within the estimated deadline, the researcher can complete the plan to achieve the project goals as well as objectives. The entire project plan is divided into three blocks, and each of the blocks is then sub-divided into various deliverables such as:

Serial Number	Activities
1	Project Plan on Grinding Machine
2	Starting the project
2.1	Research on the chosen project topic
2.2	Discuss with the supervisor about the project requirements
2.3	Gathering the information from journals, magazines, etc.
2.4	Reviewing the information
3	Literature review
3.1	Developing the proposed plan
3.2	Discussing with the supervisor on the chosen topic
3.3	Literature review of the state of art proposed for the grinding machines
3.4	Analyzing various types of grinding machines
3.5	Identification of the challenges and obstacles based on using the grinding machines
4	Research Methodology
4.1	Gathering the information from the population using survey interview
4.2	Data collection method
4.3	Data analysis
4.4	Feedback from the individuals
5	Analysis and Evaluation
5.1	Analyzing the results and outcomes
5.2	Evaluating the viewpoints of the supervisor
5.3	Meeting with the objectives
5.4	Reviewing the goals of the project
6	Completion of the project study
6.1	Preparing the final project report

Figure 1: Gantt chart

(Source: Created by author)

Conclusion

It is concluded that grinding machine is a tool that is used to operate for grinding of the workpieces. A coarse wheel is used as the tool for cutting. The grinder is used to shape as well as finish the materials with low surface roughness as well as the quality of a high surface. From the literature analysis, it is identified that it is a finishing operation that are used to remove small quantities of metals in order to deliver high accurate quality. Apart from this, some of the grinding applications, it is involved to eliminate high volumes of metal within the manufacturing industries. The requirements of an efficient grinding machine include of abrasive components that are harder, friable, and those are capable of controlling the fracturing. The grinding machine is classified based on its surfaces that they are used to produce. In order to bring the work to its required size and shape, the surplus stock is removed by feeding the job against or by forcing the revolving wheel against the job. It is also concluded that the processes of grinding are complicated as the process of materials removing is complex. The existing knowledge incorporates a limited amount of knowledge, and further study should be conducted on the mechanisms of the grinding processes in order to provide guidelines in the knowledge base.

References

Chang, C.H. and Wu, C.C., Falcon Machine Tools Co., Ltd., 2015. Grinding machine control method and control system employing the method. U.S. Patent 9,211,630.

Cui, Q., Chen, S., Ding, H. and Cheng, K., 2016. An Investigation on the Workpiece Roundness Generation in Centerless Grinding Based on the Integration of Virtual Machine Tool and Workpiece Material Removal Mechanism. Key Engineering Materials, 667.

Dhatrak, S.A. and Gond, V.J., 2016. Study of Control Organization of a Top Surface Grinding Machine with its Performance Analysis.

Ding, H., Tang, J. and Zhong, J., 2016. Accurate nonlinear modeling and computing of grinding machine settings modification considering spatial geometric errors for hypoid gears. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 99, pp.155-175.

Dudhatra, A.L., Chauhan, H.N. and Khilosia, T.N., 2015. Parametric Study of Cylindrical Grinding Machine-Review. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, 5(3), pp.36-40.

Guo, M. and Li, B., 2016. A frequency-domain grinding force model-based approach to evaluate the dynamic performance of high-speed grinding machine tools. Machining Science and Technology, 20(1), pp.115-131.

Haase, R., Haase and Ralf, 2015. GRINDING MACHINE. U.S. Patent 20,150,238,973.

Hong, H. and Yin, Y., 2016. Ontology-based human–machine integrated design method for ultra-precision grinding machine spindle. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2, pp.1-10.

Jauhari, K., Widodo, A. and Haryanto, I., 2015. Error compensation of a grinding machine tool spindle by optimization design.Momentum, 11(2).

Jauhari, K., Widodo, A. and Haryanto, I., 2015. Error Correction of Radial Displacement in Grinding Machine Tool Spindle by Optimizing Shape and Bearing Tuning. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 9(9), pp.1519-1523.

Junker, E., ERWIN JUNKER GRINDING TECHNOLOGY AS, 2015.METHOD AND CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE FOR CENTERLESS CYLINDRICAL GRINDING. U.S. Patent 20,150,298,275.

Kim, B.S., Bae, G.T., Kim, G.N., Moon, H.M., Noh, J.P. and Huh, S.C., 2015. A study on the thermal characteristics of the grinding machine applied hydrostatic bearing. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 39(3), p.717.

Kunihiro, Y., Shimizu, M., Kono, T. and Kato, T., TOYODA VAN MOPPES LTD., 2015. ABRASIVE GRINDING WHEEL. U.S. Patent 20,150,258,661.

Loganathan, M.K. and Gandhi, O.P., 2015. Reliability evaluation and analysis of CNC cam shaft grinding machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 13(1), pp.37-73.

Ochi, M. and Yanase, Y., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., 2015. Internal gear grinding machine and dressing method for barrel-shaped threaded tool. U.S. Patent 8,944,890.

Rowe, W.B., 2013, October. EXPERIENCE WITH FOUR TYPES OF GRINDING MACHINE SPIND LE. In Advances in Machine Tool Design and Research 1967: Proceedings of the 8th International MTDR Conference (Incorporating the 2nd International CIRP Production Engineering Research Conference), the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, September 1967 (p. 453). Elsevier.

Thomas, B., David, E. and Manu, R., 2015. Empirical modelling and parametric optimisation of surface roughness of silicon carbide advanced ceramics in surface grinding. International Journal of Precision Technology,5(3-4), pp.277-293.

Wegener, K., 2015. Grinding Machines.

Williams, J., Williams, M., Shute, B., Hohert, E., Stuber, S., Naveed, S. and Makhnev, A., Williams & White Machine Inc., 2016. Computer controlled multiple axis grinding machine for grinding saw blades. U.S. Patent 9,233,428.

Yu, D., Xingjian, H.E., Cai, C., Li, J., Chen, H., Zidan, J.U. and Changlin, D.U., Dalian Kede Numerical Control Co., Ltd., 2015. Fully symmetric cutter grinding machine with 5-axis and grinding wheel head bracket thereof. U.S. Patent 9,028,299.