The role of ethical principle has increased very fast in the last few years and it also increases various kinds of security threats and risks. In this essay, the incident of the cat cards in the University of Arizona will be discussed and the main purpose of this paper is to understand the fundamental concept of ethical implications (Adebamowo, et al., 2014). The management team of Arizona University has provided Cat Cards to their students which are used to enter into university and exit from campus. In which data of any student is collected by the university in order to calculate the reason for the retention of 20% of students that did not complete their educations (Annas, 2015). The information involves personal routine, hangout, communication systems, and another process. University transfer all these data for research and they ensure that the data or information is anonymous and the private details transfer to academic advisers to monitor and control student activities. This university is also developed around 8000 Wi-Fi routers to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data collection systems which can provide better services. The management system of the university collects data from the first day and it continues for 3 years graduations period. A number of students do not know about this process and campus did not provide any information about their personal information’s (Chakrabarty, & Bass, 2015). This essay will describe the concept to ethics in terms of cat cards process and also evaluate various kinds of security or privacy concerns. In which there are different types of theories are used, for example, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue and contract ethical model to calculate the ethical dilemma rose in this case.
The Utilitarianism theory is a type of normative model that provides a platform to understand the morality of any condition based consequences. The main key feature of this model is that it focuses on the large good of a greater number of users. Utilitarianism theory is used to determine whether the action of any incident is ethical or not (Drolet, & Hudon, 2015). The key partners in this situation think about incorporating the college and understudies. The target of the college to gather the information of the understudy is to discover the explanation behind the steady loss rates of the understudies. Around 20% of the understudies did not join the second year in the college and the college needed to discover the purpose behind the same by gathering the information of understudies. Be that as it may, the outcomes of this examination can be tragic since the protection and security of understudies can be broken by outsiders. Moreover, data or information of any student is anonymous which is controlled by the management system of the university (Fok, Payne, & Corey, 2016). They violate the private details of students without their permission and most of them are not aware of this problem. The primary target is the advantage of the college by holding more understudies which repudiate with the components of utilitarianism approach since more note worthy’s benefit of a more prominent number of individuals isn’t considered by the college. The outcomes could be calamitous if the touchy information of understudies spilled; thusly, this choice is unethical according to this hypothesis. By which students can lose their personal information and advisers can control their peripheral devices.
This is another ethical theory which is used to describe whether a given situation is ethical or unethical. According to this standpoint, the morality of condition is defined as wrong or right based on a series of regulation. The components of this hypothesis give that a saying ought to be characterized which characterizes whether the activities of a people are great or awful (Greene, 2015). According to this hypothesis, the exploration led by the University of Arizona is unscrupulous. According to EDUCAUSE Review, a moral structure is important to be kept up by the gatherings since they are in charge of utilizing the information of understudies in advanced education. A key guideline gives that the straightforwardness ought to be kept up by the gatherings while gathering the information of people. The college has broken this component since it neglected to keep up clear portrayals in regards to the nature and degree of the data which is gathered by the foundation alongside outsider associations. Besides, it neglected to explain the manner by which the data is being accessed. In conclusion, the college neglected to survey the data through a plainly explained administration process. The understudies who did not have any desire to be a piece of this examination ought to have the choice to quit. In light of these elements, activities of the college are unethical (Harriss, & Atkinson, 2015).
This kind of ethical model focuses on the moral character of any party as compared to the utilitarianism theory. Virtue theory is defined as a character-based model that provides a platform to acquire virtues with the help of life experiences. According to Aristotle approach, the parties are needed to practice better virtues for the development of moral characters that involve fairness, honesty, integrity, and bravery. For this situation, the college has not acted with great ideals in light of which the choice to lead an exploration of private information of understudies is unscrupulous. Right off the bat, the college has neglected to keep up trustworthiness while gathering the information and keeping up straightforwardness in the general procedure. Besides, it has broken the uprightness by not giving a choice to understudies to quit the exploration. Because of these terrible temperance’s, the activities of the college are considered as unscrupulous or unethical (Jayawickreme, Meindl, Helzer, Furr, & Fleeson, 2014).
The Contract Arianism or the agreement hypothesis furnishes that gatherings ought to conform to the arrangement of guidelines of administers their conduct in the general public. People have created perfect social contracts which oversee their conduct to guarantee that they demonstration judiciously and morally. In view of the standards of this hypothesis, the choice taken by the college to investigate on its understudies is deceptive (Kornhaber, McLean, & Baber, 2015). According to the social contracts, it is essential that the college keeps up straightforwardness and exposure to its understudies that it is gathering their private information. It ought to have likewise given them the alternative to quitting the examination in the event that they would not like to share their private data. Since the college neglected to agree to these components, the examination taken by it is untrustworthy which brought about breaking different social contracts (Preshaw, Brazil, McLaughlin, & Frolic, 2016).
The main objective of the management team of the university is to determine why a number of students did not complete their graduation. Moreover, they use various kinds of software’s and process to collect data from any students which is not a legal step of any university (Vitell, & Hunt, 2015). From this case study, it is observed that advisers monitor and control data of any student which can increase various ethical problems. Firstly, student advisers detect personal information of their students with the help of Cat Card due to this process many security threats and risks are increased. The process of collecting data is not a part of their study and students can lose their private details. Many of them are not aware of this system and management team store student complete routine and time with the help of Cat Cards. In addition, the college did not give the choice to its understudies to keep their information from getting to by the college. In the event that this information is gathered by the digital crooks, at that point it can bring about disregarding the security of understudies (Winkler, & Duminy, 2016). Accordingly, the choice of this examination is unscrupulous and the college should change its strategies to keep up straightforwardness and giving the alternative to understudies to prevent their private information from getting to by the college.
Conclusion
In this essay, the case study of Arizona University is analyzed and also understood the fundamental concept of various ethical theories. There are mainly four types of ethical models are used, for example, Contract, Virtue, Deontology, and Utilitarianism which are discussed in this paper. In this study, the main ethical issue is the lack of transparency that controlled by the management team. However, the campus did not provide any choice to their students that they can take any action to stop this type of research process into university. Students can lose their private information and if it is detected by hackers than students can face financial problems. Therefore, the University of Arizona should develop an ethical outline where they define the process to collects data of any students with their objectives. Students can use various kinds of security programmes like firewall encryption technique and backup plans to reduce potential threats and risk.
References
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Annas, J. (2015). Applying virtue to ethics. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 32(1), 1-14.
Chakrabarty, S., & Bass, A. E. (2015). Comparing virtue, consequentialist, and deontological ethics-based corporate social responsibility: Mitigating microfinance risk in institutional voids. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(3), 487-512.
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Fok, L. Y., Payne, D. M., & Corey, C. M. (2016). Cultural values, utilitarian orientation, and ethical decision making: A comparison of US and Puerto Rican professionals. Journal of business ethics, 134(2), 263-279.
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Jayawickreme, E., Meindl, P., Helzer, E. G., Furr, R. M., & Fleeson, W. (2014). Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique. School Field, 12(3), 283-308.
Kornhaber, R. A., McLean, L. M., & Baber, R. J. (2015). Ongoing ethical issues concerning authorship in biomedical journals: an integrative review. International journal of nanomedicine, 10, 4837.
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