Activity |
Activity Cost |
Activity Driver |
Annual Quantity |
Cost per Unit of Activity |
Process Receivables |
$15,000 |
No. of Invoices |
5000 |
$3.00 |
Process Payables |
$25,000 |
Nos. of Purchase Orders |
2500 |
$10.00 |
Program Production |
$28,000 |
Nos. of Production Schedule |
1000 |
$28.00 |
Process Sales Order |
$40,000 |
Nos. of Sales Order |
4000 |
$10.00 |
Dispatch Sales Order |
$30,000 |
Nos. of Dispatches |
2500 |
$12.00 |
Load Mixers |
$14,050 |
Nos. of Batches |
1000 |
$14.05 |
Operate Mixers |
$45,900 |
Nos. of Kilograms |
200000 |
$0.23 |
Clean Mixers |
$6,900 |
Nos. of Trays |
1000 |
$6.90 |
Move mixture to filling |
$3,450 |
Nos. of Cakes/Pastries |
200000 |
$0.02 |
Clean Trays |
$20,000 |
Nos. of Trays |
16000 |
$1.25 |
Fill Trays |
$16,000 |
No. of Cakes/Patries |
800000 |
$0.02 |
Move to baking |
$8,000 |
No. of Trays |
16000 |
$0.50 |
Set up Oven |
$50,000 |
No. of Batches |
1000 |
$50.00 |
Bake Cake/Pastries |
$1,30,000 |
No. of Batches |
1000 |
$130.00 |
Move to Packing |
$40,000 |
No. of Trays |
16000 |
$2.50 |
Pack Cake/Pastries |
$80,000 |
No. of Cakes/Patries |
800000 |
$0.10 |
Inspect Patries |
$2,500 |
No. of Pastries |
50000 |
$0.05 |
Bill for the Activities:
Activity Consumed |
Annual Quantity of Activity Driver |
Cost per Unit of Activity |
Total Cost |
Process Receivables |
500 |
$3.00 |
$1,500.00 |
Process Payables |
200 |
$10.00 |
$2,000.00 |
Program Production |
100 |
$28.00 |
$2,800.00 |
Process Sales Order |
400 |
$10.00 |
$4,000.00 |
Load Mixers |
100 |
$14.05 |
$1,405.00 |
Operate Mixers |
30000 |
$0.23 |
$6,885.00 |
Clean Mixers |
100 |
$6.90 |
$690.00 |
Move mixture to filling |
30000 |
$0.02 |
$517.50 |
Clean Trays |
2000 |
$1.25 |
$2,500.00 |
Fill Trays |
100000 |
$0.02 |
$2,000.00 |
Move to baking |
2000 |
$0.50 |
$1,000.00 |
Set up Oven |
100 |
$50.00 |
$5,000.00 |
Bake Cake/Pastries |
100 |
$130.00 |
$13,000.00 |
Move to Packing |
2000 |
$2.50 |
$5,000.00 |
Pack Cake/Pastries |
100000 |
$0.10 |
$10,000.00 |
Dispatch Sales Order |
500 |
$12.00 |
$6,000.00 |
Develop & Test Product |
$600.00 |
||
Total Overhead Cost |
$64,897.50 |
||
Annual Volume |
100000 |
||
Cost per unit for Lamington |
$0.65 |
As evident from the above stated table a representation of the overhead cost is demonstrated and there are indirect costs that offers a lending support to the process of productions or alternatively the distribution purpose (Cost 2016). Additionally, there are large number of indirect costs that is required to be cited in the case study however the same has not been incorporated. Direct cost can be defined as those cost which is originates from the production of any goods and service that is provided. Direct cost is regarded as the important factor that is used in the production costs however there are circumstances where the manufacturing of products is not possible without occurring any related costs (Hemmer and Labro 2016). Hence, to compute the product cost of Lamington, it is vital to include the direct costs which is provided below
As evident from the case study, it is observed that HLW derives revenue from two different sources namely the revenue from the yearly membership and revenues from the court fees. As a result of this, more than 40% of the total amount of income is derived from the yearly membership for the period of two months. Taking into the consideration the remaining balance part, it is derived from the court fees for every year based on annual basis. In addition to this, the inflow of cash from the court fees does not remain even each month (Prasad 2014). During the time when the business hits the peak time it is found that the inflow of cash from the court feeds is high and it is greater than 45% of the total revenue. On the other hand, in the months of May to September it is found that amount of fees collected is lower since it covers 15% of the total amount of revenue.
In respect of the HLW implementation of the new membership plan, it becomes vital to collect around 80% of the total sum of revenue inside the first month of the accounting period. Furthermore, HLW will be able to gain numerous benefits which is listed below given that HLW implement the new plan;
As evident from the case study there are numerous issues that is highlighted and as a result of this there are certain amount of assumptions that is required to be made in gaining an understanding of the impact of new membership plan on the sales (Mohanty 2014). Below listed are some of the assumptions;
The below stated computation that is made in the determination of the impact of current sales by making use of the systematic method by determining the previously stated assumptions
Particulars |
Weightage |
No. of Members |
Annual Membership Fees |
Total Fees |
Total Members |
100% |
2000 |
||
Individual Members |
25% |
500 |
$45 |
$22,500 |
Student Members |
25% |
500 |
$30 |
$15,000 |
Family Members |
50% |
1000 |
$100 |
$1,00,000 |
Total Membership Fees |
$1,37,500 |
Particulars |
Hourly Court fees |
No of Courts |
No. of Days |
Usage % |
Hours |
Total Fees |
Peak Season- Prime Time |
8 |
10 |
181 |
100% |
4 |
$57,920 |
Peak Season- Non Prime Time |
12 |
10 |
181 |
60% |
8 |
$1,04,256 |
Off Season |
6 |
10 |
184 |
40% |
12 |
$52,992 |
Total Court Fees |
$2,15,168 |
Particulars |
Amount |
Weightage |
Membership Fees |
$1,37,500 |
38.99% |
Court Fees – Peak Season |
$1,62,176 |
45.99% |
Court Fees – Off Season |
$52,992 |
15.03% |
Total Fees Collected |
$3,52,668 |
100% |
As evident, the club would be to derive the sales revenue in accordance with the new membership plans as stated in the below stated tables;
Revenue from previous membership:
Particulars |
Current Member |
% of Continuation |
% of Active Members |
Annual Fees |
Total Fees |
Individual |
500 |
70% |
45% |
250 |
$39,375 |
Student |
500 |
70% |
45% |
250 |
$39,375 |
Family |
1000 |
70% |
45% |
450 |
$1,41,750 |
Total Fees from Early Membership |
$2,20,500 |
Particulars |
Current Member |
% of Continuation |
% of General Members |
Annual Fees |
Total Fees |
Individual |
500 |
70% |
55% |
250 |
$48,125 |
Student |
500 |
70% |
55% |
250 |
$48,125 |
Family |
1000 |
70% |
55% |
450 |
$1,73,250 |
Total Fees from Normal Membership |
$2,69,500 |
Particulars |
Amount |
Weightage |
Membership Collected: |
||
August-September |
$2,20,500 |
34.45% |
October |
$2,69,500 |
42.11% |
March |
$1,50,000 |
23.44% |
Total Membership |
$6,40,000 |
100.00% |
The below stated tabular representations provides the impact on the cash flow and sales revenue based on the periodic sales revenue:
Particulars |
Current Plan |
New Plan |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
Revenue: |
|||
Pre-Received (Aug-Sep) |
$0 |
$2,20,500 |
$2,20,500 |
October-April |
$2,99,676 |
$4,19,500 |
$1,19,824 |
May-September |
$52,992 |
0 |
-$52,992 |
Total Membership |
$3,52,668 |
$6,40,000 |
$2,87,332 |
As evident from the computations made in the above stated table, an assertion can be bought forward in this regard is that the sales revenue of the HLW has increased by $2,87,332 given that they begin implementing the new plan in order to gain highest use of court during the particular season. This is done by taking into the considerations the sales revenue under the present plan (Velasquez, Suomala and Järvenpää 2015). Additionally, as evident from the above stated computation that from the use of new plan, the club would be able to make a collection of greater proportion of share for the anticipated amount of revenue from sales in the month of October.
It is vital to understand that the revenue from sales under the new plan is regarded to be higher in respect of the plans made in the earlier instances. The reason for this is that a large number of factors is required to be dealt at the time of applying the new plan (Otley 2016). The below listed factors helps in providing the appropriate justification for the analysis made;
Conclusion:
On a conclusive note following the end of report an assertion can be bought forward by stating that the method of activity based costing is considered to beneficial. The numerous business information required in the operation of business is stated in the report has been appropriately complied. In addition to this, the activity based costing can be defined as those cost of business that generally takes into the considerations the pros and cost of cost occurred. It is noteworthy to denote that the method is easy to understand and analyse the current cost. Considerably, it can be stated from the numerous studies that activity based costing is advantageous since it helps the business owner in arriving at the understanding of making correct decisions.
In the later part of the assignment it is concerned with the analysis of the cash flow since it is used to help the managers in undertaking the decisions regarding the effectiveness of the new plan in respect of the previous plan. Hence, the new plan would be able to generate greater amount of cash for the business in comparison to the previous plan since the plan forms the base of the cash flow analysis.
References
Almeida, A. and Cunha, J., 2017. The implementation of an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system in a manufacturing company. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, pp.932-939.
Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R., 2017. International financial management. Cambridge University Press.
Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S.Q., 2017. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard. Contemporary Accounting Research.
Cooper, R., 2017. Supply chain development for the lean enterprise: interorganizational cost management. Routledge.
Cost, T.M.I., 2016. Cost and Management Accounting.
Dumitru, A.P. and Matei, C., 2014. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AT THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND MODERN. Challenges of the Knowledge Society, p.644.
Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2014. Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices. Journal of Operations Management, 32(7), pp.414-428.
Hemmer, T. and Labro, E., 2016. Productions and Operations Management & Management Accounting.
Lavia López, O. and Hiebl, M.R., 2014. Management accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises: current knowledge and avenues for further research. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 27(1), pp.81-119.
Mahal, I. and Hossain, M.A., 2015. Activity-Based Costing (ABC)–An Effective Tool for Better Management. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(4), pp.66-74.
Mohanty, S.C., 2014. Institute to Provide Leadership in Cost and Management Accounting. The MA Journal, 49(7), pp.7-11.
Otley, D., 2016. The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 1980–2014. Management accounting research, 31, pp.45-62.
Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015. Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Prasad, A.D., 2014. Must Make Cost & Management Accounting Key to Building National Competitiveness. The MA Journal, 49(8), pp.9-10.
Tappura, S., Sievänen, M., Heikkilä, J., Jussila, A. and Nenonen, N., 2015. A management accounting perspective on safety. Safety science, 71, pp.151-159.
Velasquez, S., Suomala, P. and Järvenpää, M., 2015. Cost consciousness: conceptual development from a management accounting perspective. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 12(1), pp.55-86.
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