Discuss About The Ex Ante Evaluation Transport Policies Plans.
The case study is related to the scenario of the driverless trucks. The technology of the driverless based trucks could bring a major impact within the business and the transport sector within Australia (Storey, 2016). The technology of the driverless trucks would deal with the logistics and the industry of transport. With the advent of the driverless trucks, it would change the existing system. The existing truck drivers would not need to drive the trucks anymore on the road. This could also bring a major impact on the job sector of the drivers. With the process of automation within the truck sector, the existing drivers would be detained from the job (Poorsartep & Stephens, 2015). This would reduce the costs and the time for the finances of the country. Apart from the fact that drivers would lose their jobs, it would also be a huge blow for the various forms of businesses that are linked with the truck drivers along with the roadside cafes and the petrol stations. As South Australia would be hosting the first level of trial of the self-driven cars on the roads, the Union of the Transport Worker have decided on adopting a kind of strategy that would be able to deal with the new kind of technology. The strategy would be able to decide whether the new form of technology would be really in need. The case study also discusses about the fact that the governments of the country would put more focus on the issues related with the safety on the road (Wang, Quddus & Ison, 2013).
The theory of utilitarianism discusses that the new kind of act would prove to be good if it could be beneficial for a large number of people (Mill, 2016). From the perspective of the utilitarian theory, it could be said that though the new kind of technology would be changing the way of the travel and transport, but still it would have a major impact on the job sector of the truck drivers. In this theory, the focus of the decision would be based on the majority of the people who would think that the new advent of technology would be a problem for the drivers (Goodall, 2014). The utilitarianism theory should also look into the benefits that would be gained after the implementation of the theory. The theory would look into the existing usage of the trucks and the after effects of the implementation of the driverless trucks within the sector. The issues related to the safety criteria’s on the roads would also be needed to be considered. The safety of the people should be put on the main point of focus with the help of the utilitarianism theory. The consequences of the actions based on the implementation of the new level of automation would also be taken into consideration. Based on the observations, which are made after viewing the strategy, the theory of utilitarianism would be able to discuss about the potential benefits and whether the technology would be able to benefit the transport sector (Van Wee & Roeser, 2013)
The deontology theory based approach puts the major focus on the right or wrongness of the action that are in contrast with the right or wrongness of the consequences of the action (Chen & Schonger, 2017). According to the perspective of deontology, it could be said whether the situation would be bad or good. The decision would completely be based on the fact that the action was wrong or right. The decision of implementing the driverless based trucks should be based on the necessity of the people. The concern of the Transport Workers Union should be considered. Based on the deontology theory, the future of the existing truck drivers would also be need to be considered. The drivers who would lose their jobs due to the process of automation should be provided with proper jobs, which they would be able to perform (Ferrell et al., 2013). Based on the deontology theory, the government who would implement the driverless trucks would consider the actions or the consequences of the actions that would occur after the driverless trucks would be implemented. From the deontological perspective, it could be said that the job of the existing truck drivers should not be taken away without the proper consent of the transport union otherwise it could lead to a tremendous negative impact for the people.
The theory of virtue in ethics puts their main focus on the various virtues of the character and mind of the individual (Alfano & Fairweather, 2013). This theory is mainly regarded as one of the major approaches in the ethical theory. The theory of virtue could be recognized as the kind of virtues, the moral character with contrast to the rules and the prescribed duties. This would also emphasize on the consequence of the actions after the implementation of the driverless trucks within Australia (Chaison, 2018). Based on the theory of virtue, it could be said that the virtue based theory could be based on the choices of different kinds of people. The theory of virtue would look into the moral character of a person or a group of body, which would be responsible of carrying out a task. The approach with the theory of the virtue of ethics would focus on the character of an individual. It would also place them as the vital element within the ethical thinking, rather than focusing on the kinds of rules about the act that have been performed by them or the various kind of consequences based on the actions. The virtue based theory has some level of difficulty with the establishment of the different kind of virtues. This is because of the fact that different individuals would have different kind of cultures and societies would have different kinds of opinions. As an ethicist of virtue, some of the people would think that driverless based trucks would be a benefit for the business sector while some of the people would think that this could be a threat to the sector of the jobs of the existing truck drivers (Bright, Winn & Kanov, 2014).
The contract based theory would define such kind of laws, which should be followed for the purpose of living in harmony with everyone. The theory of contract would define such kind of laws or some kind of agreements, which need to be followed in order to perform the prescribed activities in an efficient way (Koszegi, 2014). The study of the contract based theory would define the way in which different businesses and individuals would be able to construct and develop some legal based agreements. The theory of contract would draw some inferences based on the economic and financial behavior as different kind of parties would have different level of incentives in order to perform some particular form of actions. The people and the different businesses that would follow the contract based theory would have to follow the basic guidelines that would be discussed before the starting of any kind of project or work (Cvit Ani & Zhang, 2013). If the people would break the agreements then they would be answerable for the consequences. Based on the current scenario, if the proposal of the driverless trucks gets sanctioned, then the people would have to accept the use of the current technology of automation (Riley, 2018). Within the aspect of the contract theory, people would have to follow the moral rules and regulations, which would bind the people within a certain structure.
Conclusion
Based on the above report it could be concluded that the use of the four kinds of theories would be helpful in deciding whether the technology of driverless cars would be beneficial for the transport sector within Australia. The government of Australia is planning to implement the technology of driverless cars within the sector of the business of the trucks. Although this has brought about a threat for the existing truck drivers, yet the technology would also have some benefits. The discussion also focusses on the decision of the government to launch semi-automated trucks that would have the requirement of human drivers despite computers would be functioning. The bots within the driving system would perform the functionality of driving and would also be able to address some issues that would arise within the system. The case study also discusses about the issues related to the safety within the trucks. The case study should also discuss about the brief recommendations based on the security of the trucks when they would be running on the roads. The bots should be able to control the various kinds of security related implications that might arise with the implementation of the automation technology. As the problems within the automation of these services might lead to disastrous impacts, hence the technology should be designed properly. The case scenario also discusses about the fact that the advantages to the various designs of the driverless trucks could be within the development of renowned companies.
References
Alfano, M., & Fairweather, A. (2013). Situationism and virtue theory.
Bright, D. S., Winn, B. A., & Kanov, J. (2014). Reconsidering virtue: Differences of perspective in virtue ethics and the positive social sciences. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(4), 445-460.
Chaison, G. (2018). Virtue at Work: Ethics for Individuals, Managers, and Organizations, by Geoff Moore. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017, 240 pp., ISBN: 9780198793441, Price£ 30, paperback. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 56(1), 233-234.
Chen, D. L., & Schonger, M. (2017). Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations.
Cvit Ani, J. A. A., & Zhang, J. (2013). Contract theory in continuous-time models. Springer-Verlag,.
Ferrell, O. C., Rogers, M. M., Ferrell, L., & Sawayda, J. (2013). A framework for understanding ethical supply chain decision making. Journal of Marketing Channels, 20(3-4), 260-287.
Goodall, N. J. (2014). Machine ethics and automated vehicles. In Road vehicle automation (pp. 93-102). Springer, Cham.
Koszegi, B. (2014). Behavioral contract theory. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(4), 1075-1118.
Mill, J. S. (2016). Utilitarianism. In Seven Masterpieces of Philosophy (pp. 337-383). Routledge.
Poorsartep, M., & Stephens, T. (2015). Truck automation opportunities. In Road Vehicle Automation 2 (pp. 173-185). Springer, Cham.
Riley, V. (2018). Operator reliance on automation: Theory and data. In Automation and human performance (pp. 39-56). Routledge.
Storey, K. (2016). The evolution of commute work in the resource sectors in Canada and Australia. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(3), 584-593.
Van Wee, B., & Roeser, S. (2013). Ethical theories and the cost–benefit analysis-based ex ante evaluation of transport policies and plans. Transport reviews, 33(6), 743-760.
Wang, C., Quddus, M. A., & Ison, S. G. (2013). The effect of traffic and road characteristics on road safety: A review and future research
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download