Discuss about the Examining Emerging Technology.
Emergence of mobile technology in health care are very much user-friendly, vary from hand held to pocket sized device like iPads. Author discussed the use of some emerging mobile technologies in health care. Smart phones help health care providers to review patient information, lab reports, make prescriptions, connect it with EHR and manage clinical messages. Patients get the opportunity to view, schedule and make appointments, see medical record, track their own progress, find best medical service and pharmacies. Drawbacks include interference with medical devices and misinterpretation. Personal health records (PHR) is the latest technology associated with EHR, with a greater focus on patient’s participation in healthcare decision making. It helps to improve patient tracking, encourage patient participation and offer social networking integration. However, data security and privacy of health information and data accuracy are key constrains of this technology (Bajwa, 2014). The GPS system is recently being used in healthcare, which helps in tracking physical activity, tracking the location of vulnerable patient, thus acting as a monitoring system. Clinical decision support (CDS) helps to implement EHR in evidence based practice by providing reminders, analyzing clinical performance, recognizing possible risks and encouraging adherence. Related technology devices, which have great potential in the health care field.
The rapid use of smart phone has provided a great opportunity to behavioural healthcare. There are a number of applications in smart phones, which are being used in the clinical practice, i.e. behavioural health care. The behavioural health apps promote the real time two-way communication. In behavioural healthcare, audios and videos are crucial elements. Two-way audio and video capability provides new opportunities for telebehavioral health in low cost and flexible mode. On the other hand, it has played a significant role in psychoeducation and providing information resources. mHealth platform providers greater accessibility of accessing data bases or other clinical information. For instance, DSM-IV-TR and ICD 10 Search are two apps that provide efficient references regarding psychiatric diagnosis to the users. Thus, smart phones are providing a alternatives to browse health information and help to disseminate behavioural health information in a creative way, which in turn enhance patient’s adherence with the therapy. Psych central summarizes behavioural health research findings, help clinicians to be up-to-date in this field. As social support is a key aspect of behavioural health care, Luxton et al., (2011) highlighted the opportunities by mHealth apps regarding enhanced social engagement of patient.
Su et al., (2012) discussed about an emerging technology for sustainable clean water supply. Clean water supply is a significant problem due to increased demand of water indifferent sectors. A number of technologies have been developed. Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane process that utilizes the natural osmosis. As osmotic pressure gradient is build through the semipermiable membrane, thus it needs negligible energy for transporting water across the membrane. This process is distinguished from the others for sustainable clean water supply. It shows a great potential in variety of application. In case of the production of drinking water, the quality of water has met high standards. However, fouling is the key issue of this technology. One should consider the uniqueness of FO membrane for specific application.
Targeted therapy is a key way of treating benign and malignant tumors. Wankhede et al., (2012) represented Magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) as a promising tool in brain cancer therapy. Researcher showed that conjugation of antibodies or peptides on the Magenetic nanoparticle’s surface assist in direct targeting of the drug to the tumor cell and disrupts tumor cell’s active signalling pathways. However, researcher represented challenge in the delivery of these nanoparticles to the malignant brain tumors due to presence of blood brain barrier. The penetration of these nanoparticles in the normal brain is another challenge of this technology. Further research promotes the emergence of better delivery of nanoparticles through injection. Related thermotherapy established safety, feasibility and enhanced efficacy among patients. However, future translational studies are assumed to prove promising impact of these nanoparticles over the malignant cancer therapy.
Nanoscience have shown great potential in agricultural science through the provision of novel and improved solutions to many significant challenges faced by the agricultural research and development. Many nanoscale carriers are able to deliver chemicals such as polymers, dendrimers, encapsulation and entrapment, surface attachment particles through nanotechnology, which are used for protecting and delivering these chemicals in a controlled manner, intended in the unique crop production procedure. Use of nanotechnology in agricultural chemical delivery increases the stability of the chemical in the host. Nanotechnology provides field sensing system, which provides crucial data for best agronomic intelligence process for minimizing resource inputs and maximizing output and yield. Nanotechnology helps in studying plant disease and pathology through nanofabrication. Nanotechnology enabled cost effective identification of plant trait in short period through gene sequencing. Chen and Yada (2011) also highlighted that crops and plants can obtain nanoscale cellulosic nanomaterials, which can add value to the crop production in forest. It has also shown beneficial role in animal production and health. However, it has been revealed that partnership and collaboration is needed for sustainable agriculture development.
In agricultural field, colour is considered as a key factor affecting food acceptance. Thus, improving food colour at the time of processing through the addition of colorants is a common phenomenon in food industry, for creating appealing food products for consumers. Here, researcher has attempted to use the emerging technology pulsed electric fields (PEFs) for enhancing the extraction of colorant, like anthocyanin from purple-fleshed potato at varying temperature, with the use of solvent, water and ethanol. The researcher used surface methodology for determining optimal PEF treatment and optimising anthocyanin extraction. From the results, the researcher interpreted that PEF technology can improve anthocyanin extraction yield from purple-fleshed potato (Puertolas et al., 2013). This process helps in extracting anthocyanin in water devoid of ethanol. The investigation revealed that when the extracxction temperature or solvent was used independently for extracting colorant from PFP, the yield is always higher, compared to permeabilised tissue prior to the application of PEF treatment. It is a promising technique, in regards to reduce energetic cost of treatment and to eliminate the organic solvent use for extracting colorants from PFP.
Increased pollution, urbanization and industrialization are facilitating environmental contamination gradually. The severe effect of contamination on public health has promoted international bodies to undertake significant actions for controlling such environmental contaminants. Bioremidiation has been shown to be the most innovative and ideal solution for controlling adverse effects. It is the process of using living microorganism for remediating polluted areas. Microorganims degrade environmental pollutants through a number of processes such as biodtimulation, bioaccumulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, bioabsorption and rhizoremediation. Bioventing is a technique, where oxygen and nutrients are injected into soil for maintaining bioremediation. In contrast, in biosprging technique, air is injected under pressure below the water table for enhancing the level of ground water oxygen concentration and thereby increasing the rate of biological degradation. Bioaugmentation is referred to the technology, which include the delivery of living microorganisms to a polluted site for enhancing degradation (Niti et al., 2013). The process is advantageous because it is a natural process, cost effective and harmless to the environment. Limitations include chance of partial degradation and toxic by-products formation. These processes are time consuming and need a high initial cost. Moreover, if not monitored properly, there is a high chance of environmental damage.
In this paper Ranganath, Sravanthy and Krupali (2012) discussed about the prospects of screenless display, which is an emerging technology along with great potential to be applied in different fields. The key aim of this technology is to display or transmit information in absence of a projector or screen. The technology involves three working principles and classified into three main groups. These are the visual image, virtual retinal display and synptic interface. A visual image involves any screen less image, which could be perceived through eye. For instance, holograms are used as an alternative screen in telecommunications. On the other hand, the virtual retinal display involves direct projection of images on retina. Once the system is placed in market, it would be highly appealing, as it offers extreme privacy during computer related work. On the other hand, synaptic interface system works without using light. In this system, the visual information directly hit the brain, bypassing eye. The key use of screen fewer displays are in developing mobile phones for old and blind people. It can be used in developing screen less laptops. Advantages of this technology include low requirement of power, high resolution image products, greater portability, presentation of 3D images and low cost. Disadvantages include acceptance and lack of acceptable models.
It is an emerging computer technology with a wide range of application in various fields, like education, business, manufacturing, defence, exploration, medicine and leisure activities. It is a promising tool, offering exciting possibilities like science fiction. Through this technology, with the use of up dated software, realistic images, sensations, sounds and an environment are generated to enable the user’s interaction with the objects shown in the specialized display screens or projector or other specialized device. It promotes a three-dimensional environment, for giving user the ability to interact with the artificial world around him (Onyesolu, 2016). A number of researchers are working on this technology to revolutionize the way computers are used nowadays. This system has a wide potential to be used in motion pictures and leisure activities.
Telemedicine is becoming very much popular in health care sector. In surgical practice, it is being used widely. Here, in this study, researchers highlighted a new low cost telementoring prototype, which promote better promotion of surgical information and able to provide specialized expertise to rural areas. The researcher highlighted the importance of video conferencing equipment in surgical education and postoperative follow up. It promote patient’s self management and eliminate the need for patient’s visit to physician’s chamber during post surgical period (Bogen et al., 2014). Visual assisted mentoring includes the use of telestration. This technology helps a surgeon to draw a freehand sketch on the video stream. It in turn help the mentor to express their teaching through visual and verbal means. However, these technologies have several challenges. These require high degree of professional skills, high cost critical ethical and legal consideration.
The current business world is witnessing the wide range of application of ICT technologies. With the emergence of this technology, range of communication related aspects has become easy in business field. Chinedu Eze, Duan and Chen (2014) has aimed to investigate the adoption and implementation of ICT technologies in the small and medium enterprises with the use of actor-network theory. Researcher used a qualitative approach for investigating the SME’s services. With 26 interviewees, two rounds of interview were conducted and data were collected. Findings revealed that the nature of emerging ICT adoption is recursive and dynamic with a steady interactions and negotiations. The ATN framework revealed the stages of dynamic process of adopting ICT technologies and the key actors associated with the adoption process.
Baghai (2014) evaluated the use of visual analytics in the business and social field A software named VALET was developed by the visual analytics for command, control and Interoperability environments (VACCINE) for using tempotal and spatial data collection from real-time records. Here, the researcher aimed to explore the possibilities of translating this software in various industries and business field. Various business cases were analyzed for evaluating the ways through which VALET can improve the business intelligence. The findings revealed unique capability of VALET for ingesting various datasets in different formats and input channels. It also has the capacity of delimiting text files into system. More research is going on in different industries to identify more unique capabilities of this technology
Reference List
Baghai, J. (2014). Visual analytics: The emerging technology moving business and society forward. The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research, 4(1), 16
Bajwa, M. (2014). Emerging 21st Century Medical Technologies. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 30(3), 649.
Bogen, E. M., Augestad, K. M., Patel, H. R., & Lindsetmo, R. O. (2014). Telementoring in education of laparoscopic surgeons: An emerging technology. World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy, 6(5), 148.
Chen, H., & Yada, R. (2011). Nanotechnologies in agriculture: New tools for sustainable development. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(11), 585-594.
Chinedu Eze, S., Duan, Y., & Chen, H. (2014). Examining emerging ICT’s adoption in SMEs from a dynamic process approach. Information Technology & People, 27(1), 63-82.
Luxton, D. D., McCann, R. A., Bush, N. E., Mishkind, M. C., & Reger, G. M. (2011). mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(6), 505.
Niti, C., Sunita, S., Kamlesh, K., & Rakesh, K. (2013). Bioremediation: An emerging technology for remediation of pesticides. Res J Chem Environ, 17, 88-105.
Onyesolu, M. O. (2016). Virtual reality: An emerging computer technology of the 21st century. Electroscope Journal, 1(1), 36-40.
Puértolas, E., Cregenzán, O., Luengo, E., Álvarez, I., & Raso, J. (2013). Pulsed-electric-field-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from purple-fleshed potato. Food Chemistry, 136(3), 1330-1336.
Ranganath, K., Sravanthy, M., & Krupali, P. (2012). Screenless Displays–The Emerging Computer Technology. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN, 2248-9622.
Su, J., Zhang, S., Ling, M. M., & Chung, T. S. (2012). Forward osmosis: an emerging technology for sustainable supply of clean water. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 1-5.
Wankhede, M., Bouras, A., Kaluzova, M., & Hadjipanayis, C. G. (2012). Magnetic nanoparticles: an emerging technology for malignant brain tumor imaging and therapy. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 5(2), 173-186.
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