Discuss about the Travel and Tourism.
Tourism might be viewed as a technical concept, which is measured in terms of readily available data of the tourists’ travelling and their expenses in the process and the calculations of several facilities made available to the visitors (Gmelch & Kaul, 2018). In other words the concept of tourism is measured in terms of demand and supply equation (Mowforth & Munt, 2015). Tourism may also be defined as the collective activity of certain people, who are identified as ‘visitors’; whereas a visitor is further referred to as one who visits a given place which is outside the arena of his or her local environment and the tenure of the visit must be of less than a year (Holden, 2016). Travelling pertains to purposes such as leisure, education, recreation, holidays and other such purposes (Hall & Page, 2014). In the present world of globalization, tourism industry continues to thrive and even portrays drastic global growth (Holloway & Humphreys, 2016). The core of the tourist experience consists of the interactions between the visitors and the local residents, the travelers’ perception of themselves and other involved individuals’ their search for authenticity and similar other factors (Horner & Swarbrooke, 2016). The following report aims at exploring various facets of tourism experience.
Tourism Motivations
Motivation, on the part of the tourists, originate from the sphere of human psychology; it is basically a satisfaction quenching factor. The factors affecting motivation are likely to be categorized under two broad headings: Internal factors of motivation and external factors of motivation.
Internal Factors Of Motivation
Majority of masses, considers tourism as a method of contemplating their psychological craving, through certain activities, for instance want of relaxation, belongingness, self assurance, self expression, creativity, competition, exploring capabilities, travelling and performing easy-going activities. Intrinsic motivational factors help in exploring an individual’s abilities on various emotional domains. The internal factors motivate attaining of accomplishments, such as poise, frolic and similar kind of emotional requirements. Following is a list of other internal motivational factors:
External Factors of Motivation
External motivational factors also exist, which influence tourism and influence the travelers to indulge into certain decision making process.
Tourist behaviour is an integral part of tourism; this particular factor is considered to be very eminent by the tourism destinations while constructing their business strategies. Nevertheless, several tourists are likely to behave in diverse manners, for this purpose the issue of tourists’ segregation must also be kept in mind which will help in pleasing visitors possessing variegated needs and expectations. Another vital factor which influences a tourist’s behaviour is the experience gathered by a tourist; a tourism destination must be designed, developed and planned in a manner so as to provide positive experiences to the visitors (Oppewal, Huybers & Crouch, 2015). These acquired experiences is likely to influence further recommendations. The fact must be noted that tourist behavior has undergone drastic transformations with the advent of technological tools such as internet, social networks and mobile.
Tourists are often defined as “rational decision-makers”; they indulge in efforts to increase utility when buying products related to tourism. Travelers analyze the probable consequences of their travel, based on their investment and the resultant outcome, before taking decision; subsequently they make their decisions in favour of the lucrative outcomes. Decisions are often made influenced by the recommendations of familiar early travelers (Pomfret & Bramwell, 2016). Often a reputed brand image influences the behavior of the travelers and compels them to arrive at a decision in favour of the organization. It must be noted, that the travelers despite involving into rational decision making process have very scanty knowledge about the destination they are about to visit; considering this factor the brands must display liable efforts to popularize their goodwill.
The choices of the travelers are a result of their dreams about a given destination and the opportunities available to them and their affording capabilities. In other words, the choices of the travelers are largely dependent upon the social, personal and external variables (Del Chiappa, Lorenzo-Romero & Alarcón-del-Amo, 2015). Choice making is a sequential process, which is initiated when any individual feels the urge to travel to a distant land, this is followed by a pursuit for relevant information, thereafter ensues an evaluation and consequently the choice is confirmed (Park & Santos, 2017). Travelling choices, such as mode of travel, accommodation and destinations are of ample priority to the travelers; each and every choice plays a significant and unique part in the process of decision making.
Tourist experience is a complicated phenomenon; this is marked by compound characteristics and is likely to be comprehended in more than one way. It must be noted that the concept of tourism is a basic platform for giving rise to experience (Neuhofer, Buhalis & Ladkin, 2015). A traveler’s experience is of elevated personal value, exclusive and loaded with emotions; experiences are further believed to be continuous, subjective and elusive. In contemporary society, tourist experience is also viewed as a variegated and ambiguous occurrence. The following list provides few of the many experiences, gathered by the tourists:
Traveler’s experience is a continuous process of execution and knowledge gathering which adds meaning to an individual’s life; they mean much more than randomly passing events. According to an expert, traveler’s experience is a particular moment in which ‘tourist consumption’ and ‘production’ reach a stable level. Traveler’s experiences can also be perceived under four broad headings: ‘transformation experiences’, ‘practice experiences’, ‘informative experiences’ and ‘emotional experiences’. Tourism is primarily a voluntary activity; an initiating point of the method heading towards confirmations of touristic choices leading subsequently to tourist experiences, orientation in the shape of awakening interest. Orientation is likely to be influenced by the promotional activities on part of the service providers. The perspective of experience is applicable to the above-mentioned domain as well and consequently the communication has shifted to traveler experience from product orientation.
The ancient world probably witnessed tourism as an activity of leisure, however, the present world of advancement considers tourism for various serious purposes [such as business] as well. Journey might also be political and apolitical. Tourism in present day has acquired the position of a significant financial sector Therefore, it might be deduced that travelling, with all its ups and downs, is an integral part of general human society. Contemporary world indulges in all sorts of endeavours for the enhancement of travelling, reducing costs and other such noble affairs. The aim of any tourism is not merely limited to entertainment, nevertheless this constitutes a major aspect of tourism and is initiated with the arousal of desire in an individual’s bosom. Tourism has multifarious advantages, which includes environmental, cultural, economical, social and heritage related benefits. Thus, it would not be wrong to state that tourism industry has proved to be beneficial while serving both society and individual. Contemporary world visualizes tourists as a mirror reflecting both the positive and negative aspects of a given tourist destination; the travelers, these days, are allowed to submit good feedbacks or suggest complaints with the aid of various technical developments. All these are taken into account before entering into the process of improvement. The business- oriented tourist destinations resolve to undergo several developments [such as development of resorts and parks] for the convenience of the travelers.
Conclusion
Thus, it may be concluded from the above discussions that travelling for merriment and business purposes is an integral part of tourism. Moreover, tourism encompasses the art of attracting, entertaining and accommodating travelers. Tourism has proved to be a vital source of income for various nations in the present century; it also has its impact over the economic, educational, cultural and social sectors of a region. Tourism successfully invites and gains massive amounts of financial benefit for the aid of local economic structure, in the form of payment for goods and services made available to the tourists, it further gives rise to employment opportunities. The travelers or visitors or tourists, nurture a wide range of choices, similarly the factors motivating them to get involved into a tourism plan, are also variegated; subsequently their reactions on reaching the tourism destination too varies. Research suggests that the tourism industry will continue to flourish in future times as well, owing to the necessity to maintain relationships across boundaries. The contemporary population views tourism more as a thing of necessity rather than an element of luxury.
References
Allameh, S. M., Khazaei Pool, J., Jaberi, A., Salehzadeh, R., & Asadi, H. (2015). Factors influencing sport tourists’ revisit intentions: The role and effect of destination image, perceived quality, perceived value and satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 27(2), 191-207.
Bhattacharya, S., & Kumar, R. V. (2017). A RIDIT approach to evaluate factors influencing tourist destination brand selection behaviour pertaining to Indian tourism sector. Journal of Modelling in Management, 12(4), 583-602.
Del Chiappa, G., Lorenzo-Romero, C., & Alarcón-del-Amo, M. D. C. (2015). The Influence of User-Generated Content on Tourists’ Choices. Market-Tržište, 27(2), 221-236.
Gmelch, S. B., & Kaul, A. (2018). Tourists and tourism: A reader. Waveland Press.
Grigolon, A. B., Borgers, A. W., Kemperman, A. D., & Timmermans, H. J. (2014). Vacation length choice: A dynamic mixed multinomial logit model. Tourism Management, 41, 158-167.
Hall, C. M., & Page, S. J. (2014). The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place and space. Routledge.
Holden, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. Routledge.
Holloway, J. C., & Humphreys, C. (2016). The business of tourism. Pearson.
Horner, S., & Swarbrooke, J. (2016). Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2015). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2015). Technology as a catalyst of change: enablers and barriers of the tourist experience and their consequences. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 789-802). Springer, Cham.
Oppewal, H., Huybers, T., & Crouch, G. I. (2015). Tourist destination and experience choice: A choice experimental analysis of decision sequence effects. Tourism Management, 48, 467-476.
Park, S., & Santos, C. A. (2017). Exploring the tourist experience: A sequential approach. Journal of Travel Research, 56(1), 16-27.
Pomfret, G., & Bramwell, B. (2016). The characteristics and motivational decisions of outdoor adventure tourists: a review and analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(14), 1447-1478.
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