This section of the paper will discuss and compare different perspectives of several authors who published their literature in the context of IOT adoption in healthcare. Some literatures provides useful information which can assist to understand the adoption of IOT in healthcare and issues around the adoption (Laplante & Laplante, 2016). In the healthcare sector, IOT has been developed in multiple key areas and some of the applications likewise remote monitoring and smart sensors are providing optimal value. Even though, the development in the health care center is rapidly involving, some critical issues is also occurring while development process (Zhou & Piramuthu, 2018). Today’s technologies provide first transmission of data but the security concerns are still cannot be ignored. Many literatures provides their explanation about certain security measures which have massive impact on the healthcare.
Advanced IOT application development and widespread adoption of such devices, have generate multiple ways to improve healthcare system with numerous advantages as accessibility and cost effective. The adoption of IOT in healthcare system have alter many typical operation by enabling multiple functionality with better efficiency. Nowadays, IOT applications are enabling remote monitoring and personalization and experts believe that it would provide more optimal value in near future (Gope & Hwang, 2016). An increasing number of smart medical devices and sensors used in IoT-driven healthcare vision implies the fast generation of huge amounts of diverse data. In order to successfully deal with increasing amounts of excessive diversity of information and high speed of data generation and processing it is required to deal with security and technical concerns. The IOT applications are showing promising results since it enables self-managing disease and enables remote care and assistance through associated networked monitoring equipment. However, some critical security issues may appear in the healthcare. Most of the healthcare center, stores the patients crucial data into their own database. These dataset contains valuable information associated with the patients personal and health history (Bhatt, Dey & Ashour, 2017). As these technologies are engaging with the healthcare sectors, this devices are storing huge amount of data in them. For instance, smart wear devices generate health report of the user and also stores this data in them or transfer to cloud. This data can be easily compromised as not mush of security measures are implemented in those technologies. This type of issues are hindering the rapid development of the IOT in health care sector (Laplante & Laplante, 2016). However, there are many research in active state to implement of an additional layer between cloud and those devices for faster computing and connectivity. This type of layer are generally refers as fog computing and offer multiple potential as well. The fog computing is one of the hottest topic in the IOT development as it can provide enhance security with time sensitivity (Lee & Lee, 2016). However, fog infrastructure can be utilized up to the full potential until the healthcare infrastructure overcome the issues for its implementation.
Multiple author identified Fog computing as a solution of the security and privacy concerns associated with the IOT development in the healthcare sectors. They also proposed some simple computing layer in an IOT system. This information are presented as key area in this section. Fog computing is an innovative trend in computing established by cisco that spreads the cloud computing archetype at the edge of the network as processing data around data source. Fog computing also enable Knowledge generation and data analytics features which compressed the data volume, need to transfer to cloud (Laplante & Laplante, 2016). Generally, in cloud computing applications and information are processed in the cloud which is very time consuming for vast amount of data. As a solution, fog computing placed on the edge of a network take considerably less time to process the similar tasks. However. Fog computing cannot work on his own as it cannot replace the cloud computing. It just a solution of cloud computing limitation (Moosavi et al., 2016). According to the Elhoseny, fog computing is the most appropriate application compared with other solutions especially for Large-scale distributed control systems, mobile applications such as smart connected rail or connected vehicle. Geographically distributed sensor/actuator networks – applications in which thousands or millions of things across an enormous geographic area are producing data and applications that involve with very low and predictable expectancy like various emergency response applications and health-monitoring (Elhoseny et al., 2018). The smart devices and sensors utilized in the healthcare industry for monitoring the patient’s health status have limited amount of storage capability and computation. This devices also generates vast amount of data which needs to be secured from third parties (Bhatt, Dey & Ashour, 2017).
In IoT-powered healthcare applications, event response and real-time processing are vital. Fog computing enables real-time and online analytic even when connectivity is poor or lost with the Cloud, and implies less congestion and faster real time interaction and optimizations for IoT devices what makes it perfect for utilization in IoT-based healthcare systems (Catarinucci et al., 2015). Author proposed a prototype of the Iot based healthcare system with proper encryption to the fog node. Generally, the health related data such as patients’ heart rate, blood pressure, weight and body temperature are directly send to the cloud from the smart devices or sensors as these type of technologies does not contains sufficient amount of data storage and power source because of the slim design. Between the smart devices and the cloud there is no security measures (Da et al., 2014). Fog nodes can be implemented between the devices and cloud to enable encryption and security. The data generated by those devices are first sent to the fog sever for processing the data. This layer is responsible for adding encryption and other security measurement and then sent to the cloud. This approach is appreciated by many experts as it provides confidentiality, data integrity, accountability, availability and access control (Laplante & Laplante, 2016). However, fog computing just an extension of the cloud computing and other security and privacy concerns will remain the same.
Moosavi, S. R., Gia, T. N., Rahmani, A. M., Nigussie, E., Virtanen, S., Isoaho, J., & Tenhunen, H. (2015). SEA: a secure and efficient authentication and authorization architecture for IoT-based healthcare using smart gateways. Procedia Computer Science, 52, 452-459.
This paper provides an authorized and authenticated architecture for IOT based healthcare. The author identified the significance of the privacy and security on the IOT development in the healthcare sector. The authors provides broad description of SEA and gateways for enhance the security measures on IOT devices. In the existing architecture and authorization and authentication of a remote end-user is done by disseminated smart e-health gateways to unburden the medical sensors from accomplishment these tasks. The offered architecture depend on the certificate-based DTLS as it is the main ip security solution. (Moosavi et al., 2015). They also proposed a SEA architecture based on the sensor nodes and the smart gateways to enable security measures. Their offered architecture is more protected than a state-of-the-art central delegation-based architecture. This papers also provides a clear understanding of the IOT based medical applications. However, they were unable to provide any security measures for their proposed system (CodeBlue).
Gope, P., & Hwang, T. (2016). BSN-Care: A secure IoT-based modern healthcare system using body sensor network. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(5), 1368-1376.
The author of this paper provides a broad description of the secure IOT based modern healthcare system while utilizing a body sensor network. IOT applications such as advanced devices and sensors are getting popular as they provide remote monitoring and personalization. They also illustrate various application of IOT and the development issues associated around different medical area. They also highlighted the key areas where healthcare sectors can face challenges due to the poor security and privacy measure(Gope & Hwang, 2016). According to the author, the rapid propagation of communication and information technologies is allowing advanced tools and healthcare solutions that display promises in addressing the aforesaid issues.
Islam, S. R., Kwak, D., Kabir, M. H., Hossain, M., & Kwak, K. S. (2015). The internet of things for health care: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 3, 678-708.
This paper analyzes different IoT privacy and security features, including attack taxonomies, threat models, security requirements, and from the health care viewpoint. The IoT offers suitable results for a wide range of applications such as health care, industrial control, retails, logistics, emergency services, security, structural health, waste management, traffic congestion and smart cities. They also developed an intelligent collaborative security model to minimize certain security and privacy risks (Islamet et al., 2015). This paper also describe the different innovations such as wearable devices, ambient intelligence and big data and their impacts on the IOT development in the healthcare sectors.
For conducting valuable information about the chosen topic, only secondary research has been conducted. Several literatures are studied in order to extract valuable information which assist to demonstrate the research topic more precisely. Most of the resources are collected through Web search. There are several online library including the CSU library which are consist of vast amount of literatures in digital format. Mostly, the literatures are published books, articles and journals. This literatures provides most authenticated information related with the IOT development in the healthcare. Some of the websites such as The Guardian and Forbes provide most updates information about the topic. Vast amount of information is gathered by searching through several journal, articles and books. However, literatures where the security measurement of the IOT development is discussed are prioritize than other. The secondary research was necessary to understand and evaluate the Topic.
Conclusion:
IOT development in the healthcare industry is rapidly growing throughout the world. IOT applications are showing promising result to enhance the typical tasks and create other possibilities. For instance, remote monitoring is enhancing the typical monitoring approach where patients need to meet with the healthcare executives to check and extract the health report. Even though, the development in the health care center is rapidly involving, some critical issues is also occurring while development process (Hou & Yeh, 2015). Today’s technologies provide first transmission of data but the security concerns are still cannot be ignored. Many literatures provides their explanation about certain security measures which have massive impact on the healthcare. Most of the healthcare center, stores the patients crucial data into their own database. These dataset contains valuable information associated with the patients personal and health history. As these technologies are engaging with the healthcare sectors, this devices are storing huge amount of data in them. For instance, smart wear devices generate health report of the user and also stores this data in them or transfer to cloud. This data can be easily compromised as not mush of security measures are implemented in those technologies (Islam et al., 2015). This type of issues are hindering the rapid development of the IOT in health care sector. In this paper, a research question associated with the IOT was chosen and the topic was discussed in a standard manner along with literature review. Security concern associated with the IOT development in the healthcare is a broad topic and need to be highlighted in order to speed up the development process.
References:
Bhatt, C., Dey, N., & Ashour, A. S. (Eds.). (2017). Internet of things and big data technologies for next generation healthcare.
Catarinucci, L., De Donno, D., Mainetti, L., Palano, L., Patrono, L., Stefanizzi, M. L., & Tarricone, L. (2015). An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2(6), 515-526.
Da Xu, L., He, W., & Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey. IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics, 10(4), 2233-2243.
Elhoseny, M., Ramírez-González, G., Abu-Elnasr, O. M., Shawkat, S. A., Arunkumar, N., & Farouk, A. (2018). Secure medical data transmission model for IoT-based healthcare systems. IEEE Access, 6, 20596-20608.
Gope, P., & Hwang, T. (2016). BSN-Care: A secure IoT-based modern healthcare system using body sensor network. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(5), 1368-1376.
Hou, J. L., & Yeh, K. H. (2015). Novel authentication schemes for IoT based healthcare systems. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(11), 183659.
Islam, S. R., Kwak, D., Kabir, M. H., Hossain, M., & Kwak, K. S. (2015). The internet of things for health care: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 3, 678-708.
Laplante, P. A., & Laplante, N. (2016). The internet of things in healthcare: Potential applications and challenges. IT Professional, (3), 2-4.
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Moosavi, S. R., Gia, T. N., Rahmani, A. M., Nigussie, E., Virtanen, S., Isoaho, J., & Tenhunen, H. (2015). SEA: a secure and efficient authentication and authorization architecture for IoT-based healthcare using smart gateways. Procedia Computer Science, 52, 452-459.
Patil, H. K., & Seshadri, R. (2014, June). Big data security and privacy issues in healthcare. In Big Data (BigData Congress), 2014 IEEE International Congress on (pp. 762-765). IEEE.
Sajid, A., Abbas, H., & Saleem, K. (2016). Cloud-assisted IoT-based SCADA systems security: A review of the state of the art and future challenges. IEEE Access, 4, 1375-1384.
Thota, C., Sundarasekar, R., Manogaran, G., Varatharajan, R., & Priyan, M. K. (2018). Centralized fog computing security platform for IoT and cloud in healthcare system. In Exploring the convergence of big data and the internet of things (pp. 141-154). IGI Global.
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